οὐρανός

οὐρανός, -οῦ, ὁ,

[in LXX chiefly for שָׁמַיִם (hence, often pl., οἱ οὐ., see infr.) ;]

heaven;

1. of the vault or firmament of heaven, the sky and the aerial regions above the earth: opposite to ἡ γῆ, Hebr 1,10, 2 Pet 3,5, 10; ὁ οὐ. καὶ ἡ γῆ, i.e. the world, the universe, Matt 5,18, Mark 13,31, Luk 10,21, ApG 4,24, Åb 10,6, al.; ἀπ᾽ ἄκρων οὐ. ἕως ἄ. αὐτῶν (on the absence of art. aft. prep., see Bl, §46, 5), Matt 24,31 ὑπὸ τὸν οὐ., ApG 2,5, Kol 1,23; ὑψωθῆναι ἕως τοῦ οὐ., figuratively, Matt 11,23, Luk 10,15; σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐ., Matt 16,1, Mark 8,11, al.; αἱ νεφέλαι, Matt 24,30, al.; τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐ., Matt 6,26, Mark 4,32, al.; οἱ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐ., Åb 6,13, al.; pl. (οἱ) οὐ. (Bl., §32, 5), Matt 3,16, Mark 1,10, Joh 1,32, 2 Pet 3,7, 13 al.

2. Of the abode of God and other blessed beings: of angels, Matt 24,36, Mark 12,25, Gal 1,8, Åb 10,1, al.; of Christ glorified, Mrk.16:[19], Luk 24,51, ApG 3,21, Rom 10,6, al.; of God, Matt 5,34, Rom 1,18, al.; ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐ. (Dalman, Words, 184ff.), Matt 5,16; 6,1, al.; θησαυρὸς ἐν οὐ., Matt 6,20, Mark 10,21, al.

3. By meton.,

(a) of the inhabitants of heaven: Åb 18,20 (cf. Åb 12,12, Job 15,15, Es 44,23);

(b) as an evasive reference to God, characteristic of later Judaism (Dalman, Words, 204ff.): Matt 21,25, Mark 11,30, Luk 15,18, Joh 3,27, al.; ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐ. (= τοῦ Θεοῦ); see: βασιλεία).

βασιλεία, -ας, ἡ

(βασιλεύω), [in LXX chiefly for מַמְלָכָה ,מַלְכוּת ;]

1. prop. abstract, sovereignty, royal power, dominion: Luk 1,33; 22,29, Joh 18,36, ApG 1,6, Hebr 1,8, 1 Kor 15,24; λαβεῖν β., Luk 19,12, 15 Åb 17,12; δοῦναι τὴν, ib. 17; ἔχειν β., ib. 18; ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τ. (εἰς τὴν) β., Matt 16,28, Luk 23,42; β. τ. θεοῦ, Åb 12,10,

2. By meton., concrete (MM, Exp., x),

(a) a kingdom, the territory or people over whom the king rules (Est 5,3, al.): Matt 4,8; 12,25, 26; 24,7, Mark 3,24; 6,23, Luk 4,5, Hebr 11,33, al.;

(b) the royal majesty (cf. our phrase His Majesty), the king himself (τ. σπέρμα τῆς β., 2 Kong 11,1).

3. In LXX (Wis 6,5, Tob 13,1, al.), Targ. and NT, of the Messianic rule and kingdom, ἡ β. τ. θεοῦ, τ. οὐρανῶν (Heb. מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם, Aram. מַלְכוּתָא דִשׁמַיָּא; see Dalman, Words, 91-147; Cremer, 132, 658), the kingdom of God (on the equivalence of the two phrases, see Dalman, op. cit., 93, 218f.); τ. θεοῦ, Matt 6,33; 12,28, al.; τ. οὐρανῶν, Matt 3,2; 4,17, al.; τ. Χριστοῦ (מַלִכוּת דִמְשִׁיחא, Targ. Jon. on Es 53,10), Ef 5,5; τ. κυρίου, 2 Pet 1,11, Åb 11,15; τ. Δαυείδ, Mark 11,10 absol., ἡ β., Matt 4,23, Jak 2,5, al. The kingdom is regarded as present: Matt 11,12, Luk 17,21, Rom 14,17, al.; as that which is to be consummated in the future, Matt 6,10, Mark 9,1, Joh 3,5, 2 Pet 1,11, al. Noteworthy phrases are: ζητεῖν τὴν β., Matt 6,33 δέχεσθαι, Mark 10,15 κλρονομεῖν, Matt 25,34 διδόναι, Luk 12,32; παραλαμβάνειν, Hebr 12,28 αὐτῶν (τοιούτων) εστὶν ἡ β., Matt 5,3, 10; 19,14, Mark 10,14, Luk 18,16; διὰ τὴν β., Matt 19,12 ἕνεκεν τῆς β., Luk 18,29 εὐαγγελίζεσθαι, κηρύσσειν, διαγγέλλειν τὴν β., Luk 4,43; 9,2, 60; ἤγγικεν ἡ β., Matt 3,2, Mark 1,15; κλεῖς τῆς β., Matt 16,10 κλείειν τὴν β., Matt 23,14 υἱοὶ τῆς β., Matt 8,12; 13,38 (cf. Cremer, 132, 658).

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