Spring til indhold

דָבַר

dâbar Strong H1696 udsagnsord

Engelsk speak

I GT 1143 gange i den hebraiske tekst (BHSA)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

[דָּבַר]1142 verb speak (original meaning dubious; range in order Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough; treiben MV does not explain Arabic or Hebrew usage, but only Aramaic A meaning go away, sustained by Arabic go away with it, would best explain the four branches of usage: — (1) Arabic depart, perish, IV. retreat, figurative retrograde, decline; passing away, death; Assyrian dabâru, Pi`el drive away, BezOrient. Diplom, Vocab., Dibbara, pest-god, Hpt. in KAT2. 500, דֶּבֶר pestilence. (2) Arabic follow behind, in time, place, or station; part behind, back, דְּבִיר hindmost chamber of temple. (3) Syriac lead, guide, cattle, sheep, government, take a wife, = Aramaic דְּבַר; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּר leader; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּרָא guidance; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבְרָא, Hebrew דֹּבֶר; Syriac , Aramaic מַדְבְּרָא, Hebrew מִדְבָּר pasture, wilderness; Arabic , Syriac , Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָא, Hebrew דְּבוֺרָה swarm of bees, may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes. (4) Arabic consider the end or issue (of an affair), relate (a story or tradition); consider, plan against; Phoenician דבר speak; Hebrew דִּבֶּר etc. Synonym of אָמַר say, as Aramaic מַלֵּל with אֲמַר; Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν; Lat loqui, dicere; German reden, sagen) —

Qal41 only infinitive (once ?) & participle: Infinitive suffix בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ (by attraction to בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ for usual Piel) Sl 51,6 Participle דֹּבֵר 2 Mos 6,29 + 30 t.; plural דֹּבְרִים 4 Mos 36,5; Sl 109,20 construct דֹּבְרֵי Sl 5,7 + 3 t.; feminine דֹּבְרוֺת 4 Mos 27,7; Sl 31,19 passive דָּבֻר Ord 25,11 — speak, absolute 4 Mos 27,7; 4 Mos 32,27; 4 Mos 36,5 (P) Sl 51,6 (?); דָּבָר דָּבֻר word spoken Ord 25,11 with accusative of thing דֹּבֵר דָּבָר speaking a word Job 2,13 אמת Sl 15,2, תמים Amos 5,10, (מ)ישׁרים Ord 16,13; Es 33,15, צדק Es 45,19, שׁלום Est 10,3; Sl 28,3, שׁקר(יםׅ Sl 63,12; Sl 101,7; Jer 40,16, כזב Sl 5,7; Sl 58,4, רע Sl 109,20, נבלה Es 9,16, הַוַּת נפשׁו Mik 7,3 with אֶל of person, unto 1 Mos 16,13 (J) 2 Mos 6,29 (P) Jer 38,20; Jer 40,16; Dan 10,11; Jon 3,2 בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of 5 Mos 5,1; Jer 28,7 עַל concerning, about Sl 31,19; Sl 109,20; Jer 32,42 (sometimes rendered against, but dubious); עִם with Sl 28,3 הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי the angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel) Zak 1,9; Zak 1,13; Zak 1,14; Zak 2,2; Zak 2,7; Zak 4,1; Zak 4,4; Zak 4,5; Zak 5,5; Zak 5,10; Zak 6,4 (see preposition בְּ III. 2 Ew§ 217 f. (3)). Niph`al4 Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ Mal 3,16, נִדְבָּ֑רוּ Sl 119,23, נִדְבַּרְנוּ Mal 3,13 Participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים Ezk 33,30 reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk, absolute Mal 3,16 with בְּ, against Sl 119,23; Ezk 33,30 with עַל, concerning, about Mal 3,13 (RV against, see Ew§ 217 i.) Pi`el1089 Perfect דִּבֶּר 1 Mos 12,4 +, דִּבֵּ֑ר 1 Mos 21,1 + (on דִּבֶּ֑ר 2 Mos 12,25; 5 Mos 26,19 see Bö§ 1021 d (1) Köi, 188); Imperfect יְדַבֵּר 1 Mos 44,7 +, יְדַבֶּרֿ 1 Mos 44,18 +; תְּדַבְּרוּן 1 Mos 32,20, תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן Sl 58,2 Imperative דַּבֵּר 1 Mos 24,38 +, דַּבֶּרֿ 2 Mos 11,2 +; Infinitive דַּבֵּר 1 Mos 24,50 +, דַּבֶּרֿ Es 59,13 +; Participle מְדַבֵּר 1 Mos 27,6 +; feminine מְדַבֶּרֶת 1 Sam 1,13 +; — (הַדִּבֵּר Jer 5,13, infinitive Ki48, probably Ol§ 182 e Kö§ 23 (5), perhaps MV; but more probably a noun, as Ges«GKC:52»§ 52 (2), Anm. 3 Ew§ 156 a, dubious perfect as Sta§ 222; בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר 2 Mos 6,28; 4 Mos 3,1; 5 Mos 4,15 תְּחִלַּת דִּבֶּרֿ Hos 1,2, infinitive Ki48 Bö§ 987 (7) Kö§ 23 (5); but more probably perfect, as Ges«GKC:52»§ 52 (2). Anm. 3); — speak,
1. absolute 5 Mos 18,17 + (throughout the literature) usually with לֵאמֹר, less frequently וַיּאֹמֶר: 2 Kong 18,28 +, compare the phrases ) דברתי׳אני (י Ezk 5,13 + 18 t. Ezekiel; דבר ׳כי י Es 1,2; Es 21,17; Es 22,25; Es 24,3; Es 25,8; Jer 13,15; Joel 4,8; Ob 1,18 דבר ׳כי פי י Es 1,20; Es 40,5; Es 58,14; Mik 4,4 פי ידבר Sl 49,4 (י)דבר פי Sl 66,14; Sl 145,21 השׁכם ודבר Jer 7,13; Jer 25,3; Jer 35,14 עוד זה מדבר Job 1,16; Job 1,17; Job 1,18.
2. with accusative of thing, very frequently, ׳ד את הדברים האלה 2 Mos 20,1; 5 Mos 5,19 +; לָמָּה תְּדַבֵּר עוֺד דְּבָרֶיךָ why speakest thou any more of thy affairs ? 2 Sam 19,30 עַד אִםדִּֿבַּרְתִּי דְּבָרָ֑י until I have told my errand 1 Mos 24,33 seldom followed by דָּבָר indefinite; as דָּבָר ׳ד Es 58,13 speak a (mere, empty) word; so probably also דְּבָרִים ׳ד Hos 10,4 with other nouns, e.g. דבר קשׁות spake rough words 1 Mos 42,7; 1 Mos 42,30 (E); גבהה ׳ד proud words 1 Sam 2,3 טבות friendly words Jer 12,6 טוב 1 Sam 19,4; 1 Kong 22,13; Est 7,9 שׁקר Es 59,3 +, כזב Dan 11,27, אמת Jer 9,4 +, שׁוא Sl 12,3 +; דבר שׁיר utter, sing a song Dom 5,12 משׁל 1 Kong 5,12 יְהוּדִית the Jewish language Neh 13,24 סרה rebellion 5 Mos 13,6; Jer 28,16; Jer 29,32.
3. with persons:
\ \ a. rarely accusative יָָֽכְלוּ דַבְּרוֺ לְשָׁלֹם they could [not] speak unto him peaceably 1 Mos 37,4 (J; but Ew§ 282 a about him); וַיְדַבֵּר ֗֗֗ אֹתָם 4 Mos 26,3 (P, but text corrupt see Di; not satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read אִתָּם see d).
\ \ b. most frequently with אֶל throughout the literature: 1 Mos 8,15 +; compare phrases אֶל משֶׁה לֵאמֹר ׳וַיְדַבֵּר י 2 Mos 6,10 + 87 t. P; but אל משׁה לך ׳וידבּר י 2 Mos 32,7; 2 Mos 33,1 (JE); דבּר אל אהרן 3 Mos 6,18 + 8 t. (P); ישׂראל דבר אל בני 2 Mos 6,9 + 38 t. (P); elsewhere, 2 Mos 19,6 (E) 5 Mos 1,3; 5 Mos 4,45 (D); אל (כל) העדה ׳ד 2 Mos 12,3; 3 Mos 19,2; 4 Mos 16,24; 4 Mos 16,26 (P); אל לב ׳ד speak unto one's heart 1 Mos 24,45, i.e. to oneself, compare also על לִבָּהּ ׳ד 1 Sam 1,13, see 5 below; אל is used inexactly for על 1 Sam 3,12; 1 Kong 16,12; Es 16,13; Jer 27,13; Jer 30,4; Jer 33,14; Jer 36,7; Jer 36,31; Jer 40,2; Jer 50,1; Jer 51,12; Jer 51,62 where it is rendered concerning or against.
\ \ c. with לְ speak to 1 Kong 2,19; Ezk 32,21; Dan 2,4 ליהוה speak, sing to Yahweh words of a song Jos 10,12 (D) 2 Sam 22,1 (= Sl 18,1 title); in D, דבר ל promise to, in phrases ) ל׳כאשׁר דבר(י 5 Mos 1,11; 5 Mos 1,21; 5 Mos 6,3; 5 Mos 9,3; 5 Mos 10,9; 5 Mos 11,25; 5 Mos 12,20; 5 Mos 15,6; 5 Mos 18,2; 5 Mos 26,18; 5 Mos 27,3; 5 Mos 29,12; Jos 13,14; Jos 13,33; Jos 22,4; Jos 23,5; Jos 23,10 (all D); אשׁר דבר ל 5 Mos 9,28; 1 Kong 8,24; 1 Kong 8,25; 1 Kong 8,26 (= 2 Kron 6,15; 2 Kron 6,16; 2 Kron 6,17). — דבר ל 1 Mos 24,7; 1 Mos 28,15; 1 Mos 49,28; 2 Mos 32,34 (J) Jos 9,21 (P) Dom 14,7; 2 Sam 23,3; Es 30,10; Zak 9,10 usually rendered speak to, but often rather promise to. הֲיֵשׁ לְדַבֶּרלָֿךְ אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ is it possible to speak for thee unto the king ? 2 Kong 4,13 (by attraction to לַעֲשׂוֺת לָךְ).
\ \ d. with אֵת speak with 1 Mos 17,3; 1 Mos 17,22; 1 Mos 17,23; 1 Mos 21,2; 1 Mos 23,8; 1 Mos 34,6; 1 Mos 34,8; 1 Mos 35,13; 1 Mos 35,15; 2 Mos 25,22; 2 Mos 31,18; 2 Mos 34,29; 2 Mos 34,33; 2 Mos 34,34; 2 Mos 34,35; 4 Mos 3,1; 4 Mos 7,89; Jos 22,15; Jos 22,21 (all P) 1 Mos 35,14; 1 Mos 41,9; 1 Mos 42,7; 1 Mos 45,15; Jos 17,14 (all E) 5 Mos 5,21 sources of Samuel Kings Chronicles, 2 Sam 3,27; 2 Sam 7,7 = 1 Kron 17,6; 1 Kong 8,15 = 2 Kron 6,4; 1 Kong 22,24 = 2 Kron 18,23; 2 Kron 10,10 ( = אל 1 Kong 12,10) Jer 5,5; Jer 7,22; Jer 9,7; Jer 35,2; Jer 38,25; Jer 3,22; Jer 3,24; Jer 3,27; Jer 14,4; Jer 20,3; Jer 44,5; compare phrases דבר חד את אחד speak one with another Ezk 33,30 דבר משׁפטים את speak judgments with, usually = give judgment against, (not Jer 12,1), Jer 1,16; Jer 4,12; Jer 12,1; Jer 39,5; Jer 52,9 (= 2 Kong 25,6); דבר טבות את speak kindly with 2 Kong 25,28 = Jer 52,32.
\ \ e. with עִם speak with, (not P), 1 Mos 29,9; 1 Mos 31,24; 1 Mos 31,29; 2 Mos 19,9; 2 Mos 20,19 (twice in verse); 2 Mos 20,22; 2 Mos 33,9; 4 Mos 11,17; 4 Mos 22,19; Jos 24,27 (all J E) 5 Mos 5,4; 5 Mos 9,10; Dom 6,17; 1 Sam 9,25 (ᵐ5 Th We Dr וַיִּרְבְּדוּ לְ spread a couch for) 1 Sam 17,23; 2 Sam 13,22; 1 Kong 1,14; 1 Kong 1,22; 2 Kong 6,33; 2 Kong 18,26; 2 Kron 9,1 (= אֶל 1 Kong 10,2) Neh 9,18; Est 6,14; Jer 32,4; Dan 8,18; Dan 9,22; Dan 10,11; Dan 10,15; Dan 10,17; Dan 10,19; Hos 12,5 דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי I spake, communed with my heart Praed 1,16. feminine לִפְנֵי before, in the presence of 2 Mos 6,12; 4 Mos 36,1 (P) Dom 11,11; 1 Kong 3,22; Est 8,3.
4. with בְּ
\ \ a. instrumental, דבר בְּ speak with, by, or by means of a person (see above Qal near the end) 4 Mos 12,2 (twice in verse); 4 Mos 12,6; 4 Mos 12,8 (E) 2 Sam 23,2 (compare Dr), 1 Kong 22,28 = 2 Kron 18,27; Hab 2,1 בְּשֵׁם דִּבֶּר speak in the name of 2 Mos 5,23 (J) 5 Mos 18,19; 5 Mos 18,20 (twice in verse); 5 Mos 18,22; 1 Kron 21,19; Jer 20,9; Jer 26,16; Jer 29,23; Jer 44,16; Dan 9,6; Zak 13,3 ביד by the hand of 4 Mos 17,5; 4 Mos 27,23; (P) 1 Sam 28,17; 1 Kong 8,53 + 13 t. Kings, 2 Kron 10,15 (= 1 Kong 12,15) Es 20,2; Jer 37,2; Jer 50,1; Ezk 38,17.
\ \ b. local (figurative), בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of 1 Mos 20,8 (E) 2 Mos 11,2; 5 Mos 32,44 (J) 1 Mos 23,16; 4 Mos 14,28; Jos 20,4 (P) 5 Mos 31,28; 5 Mos 31,30; Dom 9,2; Dom 9,3; 1 Sam 8,21; 1 Sam 11,4; 1 Sam 25,24; 2 Sam 3,19 (twice in verse); Jer 26,15; Ord 23,9 בלב דבר speak in the heart Praed 2,15.
\ \ c. of the object, speak of, about (preposition בְּ IV. e Ew§ 217 f, (2)) 5 Mos 6,7; 5 Mos 11,19; 1 Sam 19,3; 1 Sam 19,4; Sl 119,46; Sl 122,8 propose for (a wife) 1 Sam 25,39 (compare Hoj 8,8).
\ \ d. of hostility, against (Ew§ 217 f, (1)) 4 Mos 12,1; 4 Mos 12,8; 4 Mos 21,5; 4 Mos 21,7 (E) Job 19,18; Sl 50,20; Sl 78,19.
\ \ e. of price, בְּנַפְשׁוֺ at the cost of his life 1 Kong 2,23 (see בְּ III. 3).
5. with עַל, of the object concerning or about which one speaks 1 Mos 18,19; 4 Mos 10,29 (J) Jos 23,14 (D) Dom 9,3; 1 Sam 25,30; 1 Kong 2,4; 1 Kong 2,27; 1 Kong 5,13 (twice in verse); 1 Kong 14,2; 1 Kong 22,23 (= 2 Kron 18,22), 2 Kong 10,10; 2 Kong 19,21 = Es 37,22; 1 Kron 22,11; 2 Kron 23,3; Jer 1,16; Jer 18,7; Jer 18,8; Jer 18,9; Jer 42,19. It may have this sense in most if not all of the following, where RV renders 1 Kong 2,18; 1 Kong 2,19; Est 7,9; Jer 18,20 for; 2 Kron 32,16; Neh 6,12; Jer 11,17; Jer 16,10; Jer 25,13; Jer 26,13; Jer 26,19; Jer 35,17; Ezk 36,5; Dan 9,12; Dan 11,36; Hos 7,13; Amos 3,1 against; and 1 Kong 9,5; 2 Kong 22,19; Jer 10,1; Jer 19,15 unto (על is used for אל unto 2 Kron 32,19; Jer 6,10; Jer 25,2; Jer 26,2; Hos 12,11); compare the phrase דבר על לב speak upon the heart, speak kindly, comfort 1 Mos 34,3; 1 Mos 50,21 (E) Dom 19,3; Rut 2,13; 1 Sam 1,13 (seemingly from context על for אל, to her heart, to herself, see Dr), 2 Sam 19,8; 2 Kron 30,22; 2 Kron 32,6; Es 40,2; Hos 2,16.
6. with infin. דבר לעשׂות promise to do 2 Mos 32,14 (J) 5 Mos 1,14; Ezk 6,10; Jon 3,10 דבר לתת promise to give 5 Mos 19,8 דבר למחות threaten to blot out 2 Kong 14,27 compare דבר להזהיר i.e. so as to warn Ezk 3,18; Ezk 33,8.

Note. — וַתָּקָם וַתְּדַבֵּר אֶתכָּֿלזֶֿרַע הַמַּמְלָכָה 2 Kron 22,10 ᵐ5 ἀπώλεσε, ᵑ9 interfecit, scribal error for וַתְּאַבֵּד 2 Kong 11,1. Other explanations: plot against, waylay (Arabic ) Thes MV; pronounce sentence, elliptical וַתְּדַבֵּר מִשְׁפָּטִים GesHdw Rob; but compare VB. —
Pu`al Imperfect בַּיּוֺם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ in the day when she may be spoken for Hoj 8,8 (see Pi`el 4 c); Participle נִכְבָּדוֺת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ glorious things are being spoken in thee (RV Pe MV of thee) Sl 87,3. Hithpa`el Participle מִדַּבֵּר = מִתְדַּבֵּר with accusative מִדַּבֵּר הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה speaking this word 2 Sam 14,13 ׳שָׁמַע (אֵת הַקּוֺל) מִדַּבֵּר אֶל heard (the voice, or) one speaking unto 4 Mos 7,89 (P) Ezk 2,2; Ezk 43,6 (Di 4 Mos 7,89 would read מְדַבֵּר after ᵐ5; the meaning not appreciably different from Piel; the Hithpa`el difficult to reconcile with אֶל). Hiph`il Imperfect וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּי Sl 18,48 (2 Sam 22,48 has וּמֹרִיד for rare וַיַּדְבֵּר), יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ Sl 47,4 either (compare Aramaic דַּבַּר) leads subject (so Ges coegit, De Now), or (compare Arabic turn the back, retreat) puts to flight, figurative for subdues (so Hi).

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1 Mos 70 2 Mos 79 3 Mos 66 4 Mos 111 5 Mos 63 Jos 29 Dom 27 Rut 3 1 Sam 38 2 Sam 32 1 Kong 67 2 Kong 43 1 Kron 9 2 Kron 29 Ezr 1 Neh 3 Est 6 Job 35 Sl 55 Ord 10 Praed 5 Hoj 2 Es 46 Jer 104 Ezk 63 Dan 16 Hos 7 Joel 1 Amos 3 Ob 1 Jon 2 Mik 3 Hab 1 Sef 1 Zak 17 Mal 2
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Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.