הָלַל

Qal Imperfect 2 masculine plural תָּהֹ֑לּוּ Sl 75,5 Participle הוֺלֲלִים Sl 5,6 + 2 t.; — be boastful אַלתָּֿהֹ֑לּוּ Sl 75,5 (|| אַלֿ (תָּרִימוּקָ֑רֶן); Participle boastful ones, boasters Sl 5,6 (|| פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן); Sl 73,3; Sl 75,5 (both || רְשָׁעִים). Pi`el Perfect הִלֵּל Sl 10,3, 1 singular suffix הִלַּלְתִּיךָ Sl 119,164 3 masculine plural וְהִלֲלן consecutive Es 62,9, suffix הִלֲלוּךָ Es 64,10. etc.; Imperfect יְהַלֶּלֿ Sl 63,6; Sl 102,19 suffix יְהַלֶּלְךָ Ord 27,2, יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ Es 38,18, וַיְהַלֲלָהּ Ord 31,38: 1 singular אֲהַלֵּל Sl 56,5 + 2 t., cohortative אֲהַלֲלָה Sl 69,31 + 2 t., etc.; Imperative feminine singular הַלֲלִי Sl 146,1; Sl 147,12 masculine plural הַלְלוּ Sl 104,35 + 30 t. Psalm + Jer 20,13; Jer 31,7 suffix הַלֲלוּ֫הוּ Sl 22,24 + 15 t. Psalms; Infinitive absolute הַלֵּל 1 Kron 16,36 construct הַלֵּל 2 Sam 14,25 + 16 t. Chronicles; Participle plural מְהַלֲלִים 1 Kron 23,5 + 4 t. Chronicles; —

1. praise man or woman, accusative וַיְהַלֲלוּ אֹתָהּ אֶלפַּֿרְעֹה 1 Mos 12,15 (J) and they praised her to Pharaoh, compare Ord 27,2; Ord 31,28; Ord 31,31; Hoj 6,9 וְהַמְהַלֲלִים אֶתהַֿמֶּלָךְ 2 Kron 23,12 and those praising (shouting acclamations to) the king; see also לְהַלֵּל מְאֹד 2 Sam 14,25 (of Absalom's beauty); in bas sense עֹזְבֵי תוֺרָה יְהַלֲלוּ רָשָׁע Ord 28,4 deserters of law praise a wicked man.

2. usually praise אֱלֹהִים, ׳י etc.;
\ \ a. followed by accusative of heathen god Dom 16,24.
\ \ b. object ׳(אֱלֹהִים) י; Sl 119,164 (עַל on account of), subject heaven, earth, seas, etc., Sl 69,35 תְּחִי נַפְשִׁי ותְהַלֲלֶךָּ Sl 119,175 in summons to all creatures to praise Sl 148,5; Sl 148,13; Es 38,18 לֹא שְׁאוֺל תּוֺדֶךָּ מָוֶת יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ (compare Sl 115,17); often of Public worship in sanctuary, Es 62,9 (thanks giving in sanctuary after harvest), compare Es 64,10; Sl 22,23 (|| אֲסַפְּרָה שִׁמְךָ), vSl 22,27; Sl 35,18; Sl 109,30 (both || אוֺדְךָ) Sl 107,32 (|| יְרוֺמֲמוּהוּ) Sl 84,5, see also Sl 146,2 (|| ׳אֲזַמְּרָה לֵא) Sl 149,3 (with בְּ instrumental; || יְזַמְּרוּ לוֺ); also object ׳שֵׁם י (in some cases of public worship) Sl 74,21; Sl 148,5; Joel 2,26 (thanksgiving after harvest); שֵׁםאֱֿלֹהִים בְּשִׁיר Sl 69,31 (|| וִאֲגַדְּלֶנּוּ בְתוֺדָה), Sl 145,2 (|| אֲבָֽרֲכֶ֑ךָּ); further, Sl 56,5 בֵּאלֹהִים אֲהַלֵּל דְּבָרוֺ, also vSl 56,11 + vSl 56,11b ׳ביהוה וגו, but compare Hup Che on 11:b as editorial addition; object not expressed אֶתעַֿמְּךָ ׳הַשְׁמִיעוּ הַלֲלוּ וְאִמְרוּ הוֺשַׁע י Jer 31,7, וְשִׂפְתֵי רְנָנוֺת יְהַלֶּלפִּֿי Sl 63,6.
\ \ c. use of Imperative deserves special notice: הַלֲלוּהוּ Sl 22,24 (|| כַּבְּדוּהוּ; of temple-worship compare vSl 22,23 vSl 22,25); also in summons to angles, sun, moon, etc. (all created things) to praise ׳י Sl 148,2 (twice in verse); Sl 148,3 (twice in verse); Sl 148,4; Sl 150,1 of temple-worship Sl 150,2 (בְּ on account of) vSl 150,2 (כְּ), vSl 150,3 vSl 150,3 vSl 150,4 vSl 150,4 vSl 150,5 vSl 150,5 (all with בְּ instrumental); further Jer 20,13 (|| ׳שִׁירוּ לי), ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ Sl 117,1 (addressed to nations, || שַׁבְּחוּהוּ), Sl 148,7 (created things), חַלֲלִי אֱלֹהַיִךְ צִיּוֺן Sl 147,12 (|| שַׁבְּחִי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ ׳אֶתיֿ).
\ \ d. note especially: praise ye yah! הַלֲלויָֿהּ Sl 135,3, liturgical (|| זַמְּרוּ לִשְׁמוֺ); elsewhere always one word see Baer^{Psalm p.115}, & always at beginning or end of Psalm (chiefly late), apparently liturgical; הַלֲלוּיָהֿ֑ Sl 104,35 (|| ׳בָּֽרְכִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), elsewhere ׃הַלֲלוּיָהּ (I) at beginning Sl 106,1; Sl 111,1 (both || הודה) Sl 112,1; Sl 113,1 (|| הַלֲלוּ & ׳אֶתשֵֿׁם י ׳ה), Sl 135,1 (|| id.), Sl 146,1 (|| ׳הַלֲלִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), Sl 147,1 (followed by זַמְּרָה in clause with כִּי), Sl 148,1 (|| ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ, הַלֲלוּהוּ), Sl 149,1 (|| ׳שִׁירוּ לי), Sl 150,1 (|| הַלֲלוּאֵֿל, הַלֲלוּהוּ); (2) at end Sl 104,35 (above), Sl 105,45; Sl 106,48; Sl 113,9; Sl 115,18 (|| נְבָרֵךְ יָהּ), Sl 116,19; Sl 117,2; Sl 135,21 (|| ׳בָּרוּךְ י) Sl 146,10; Sl 147,20; Sl 148,14; Sl 149,9; Sl 150,6 (|| כֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ); add to these (not liturgical) יְהַלֶּליָֿהּ Sl 102,19, כֹּל נְשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ Sl 150,6, לֹא הַמֵּתִים יְהַלֲלויָֿהּ Sl 115,17.
\ \ e. also followed by ליהוה, in Chronicles, of technical Levitical function (compare Lag^{Or.ii.16 ff.}, who limits this technical הלל to priests, using חֲצֹצְרוֺת, for a signal to the people; see e.g. Neh 12,24 compare vNeh 12,27), 1 Kron 16,4 (with instrumental music, compare בִּכְלֵי כְבָלִים וּבְכִנֹּרוֺת & בַּמְצִלְתַּיִ ם, all v1 Kron 16,5, and Neh 12,27) 1 Kron 23,30; 1 Kron 25,3 (all || הוֺדוֺת); exercised (apparently) by both priests and Levites Ezr 3,11 (|| הֹדוֺת) compare vEzr 3,11 by Levites 2 Kron 20,19 (בְּקֹל גָּדוֺל), 2 Kron 29,30 (בְּדִבְרֵי דָוִיד) in which the people also joined 1 Kron 16,36 also 2 Kron 5,13 (בַּחֲצֹצְרוֺת וּבִמְצִלְתַּיִם וּבִכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר compare also v2 Kron 5,12 || הֹדוֺת, v2 Kron 5,13 apparently of Levites & priests), בַּכֵּלִים ׳מְהַלֲלִים לי 1 Kron 23,5 (Levites) compare 2 Kron 30,21 (Levites & priests ׳בִּכְלֵי עֹז לי); followed by לְשֵׁם תִּפְאַרְתֶּ֑ךָ 1 Kron 29,13 (|| מוֺדִים; David speaks in name of people); followed by לְהַדְרַתקֹֿ֑דֶשׁ 2 Kron 20,11 (before the army; || ׳מְשֹׁרֲרִים לי; probably of Levites, compare v2 Kron 20,19). feminine followed by accusative ׳י Ezr 3,10 (priests & Levites: עַליְֿדֵי דָּוִיד), Neh 5,13 (people).
\ \ g. other forms, with like technical sense, but absolute: לְהַלֵּל לְהוֺדוֺת בְּמִצְוַת דָּוִיד Neh 12,24 (Levites) compare 1 Kron 23,5; 2 Kron 8,14; 2 Kron 29,30 (עַדלְֿשִׂמְחָה) 2 Kron 31,2 (apparently priests & Levites; ׳בְּשַׁעֲדֵי מַחֲנוֺת י; || לְשָׁרֵת וּלְהֹוֺדוֺת); see also מוֺדִיעִים לְהַלֵּל 2 Kron 23,13 (|| מְשׁוֺרֲרִים בִּכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר בְּהַלֵּל דָּוִיד בְּיָדָם ). 2 Kron 7,6 (|| הֹדוֺת ליהוּה)

3. apparently boast, male one's boast compare Qal 2 (followed by בְּ in, of), בֵּאלֹהִים Sl 44,9 (|| שִׁמְךָ לְעוֺלָם נוֺדֶה); so according to most, in bad sense, רָשָׁע עַלתַּֿאֲוַת נַפְשׁוֺ ׳ה Sl 10,3 a wicked man boasteth of the desire of his soul, but Che praiseth (׳י) for (i.e. in a mercenary spirit). Pu`al Perfect 3 plural הוּלָּ֑לוּ Sl 78,63 Imperfect יְהֻלַּלֿ Ord 12,8 Participle מְהֻלָּל 2 Sam 22,4 + 6 t.; feminine הַהֻלָּ֑לָה Ezk 26,17 (compare Ol^{§ 250 c} Sta^{§ 220, 617 b}; ᵑ0, however, accents as Perfect, regarding הַ as = relative, see sta:§ 176 c Ges^{«GKC:52»§ 52}. 2, R. 6); — be praised,

1. human subject be praised, commended Ord 12,18 (opposed to יִהְיֶה לָבוּז); of maidens, praised, celebrated (in song) Sl 78,63 participle (see above) of city, renowned Ezk 26,17.

2. of ׳י only participle = gerundive, to be praised, worthy of praise 2 Sam 22,4 = Sl 18,4 מְאֹד ׳וּמְה ׳גָּדוֺל י Sl 48,2; Sl 96,4 = 1 Kron 16,25; Sl 145,3 so ׳שֵׁם י ׳מְה Sl 113,3. Hithpa. Imperfect יִתְהַלֵּל 1 Kong 20,11 + 5 t.; יִתְהַלָּ֑ל Ord 20,14 3 feminine singular תִּתְּהַלֵּל Sl 34,3, תִּתְּהַלָּ֑ל Ord 31,30 2 masculine singular תִּתְהַלֵּל Sl 52,3; Ord 27,1 תִּתְהַלָּ֑ל Es 41,16 2 feminine singular תִּתְהַלֲלִי Jer 49,4 3 masculine plural יִתְהַלֲלוּ Sl 64,11; Es 45,25 יִתְהַלָּ֑לוּ Es 49,7; Jer 4,2 Imperative masculine plural הִתְהַלֲלוּ 1 Kron 16,10; Sl 105,3 Infinitive לְהִתְהַלֵּל Sl 106,5 Participle מִתְהַלֵּל Ord 25,14; Jer 9,23 plural מִתְהַלֲלִים Sl 97,7 — glory, boast, make one's boast: —

1. of self-confident boasting, absolute 1 Kong 20,11 compare Ord 20,14 followed by בְּ of ground of boast Jer 9,22 (3 t. in verse); Jer 49,4; Sl 49,7; Sl 52,3; Ord 25,14, אַלתִּֿתְהַלֵּל בְּיוֺם מָחָר Ord 27,1 of glorying in idols הַמִּתְהַלֲלִים בָּאֱלִלִים Sl 97,7.

2. of glorying, making one's boast in (בְּ, on the ground of) ׳תִּתְהַלֵּל ׃י ׳בי נַפְשִׁי Sl 34,3, compare Es 45,25; Jer 4,2 (|| וְהִתְבָּֽרְכוּ בוֺ); followed by בִּקְדוֺשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל Es 41,16 see also Sl 105,3 = 1 Kron 16,10 followed by ) בְּשֵׁם קָדְשׁוֺ || ׳(יִשְׂמַה לֵב מְבַקְשֵׁי י, compare further Jer 9,23 less often absolute Jer 9,23; Sl 63,12; Sl 64,11; followed by עִםנַֿחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ together with thine heritage (|| לִשְׂמֹהַ בְּשִׂמְהַת גּוֶֺ י֑ךָ).

3. once, late = passive be praised, commended, of God-fearing woman Ord 31,30. Po`el Imperfect יְהוֺלֵל Es 44,25 + 2 t.; — make into a fool, make fool of, object שֹׁפְטִים Job 12,17 (subject ׳י; || מוֺלִיךְ יוֺעֲצִים שׁוֺלָ֑ל); object קֹסְמִים Es 44,25 (subject ׳י || מֵפֵר אֹתוֺת בַּדִּים; object הָכָם Praed 7,7 (subject הָעשֶׁק; || וִיאַבֵּד אֶתלֵֿב מַתָּנָה). Po`al Participle לִשְׂהוֺק אָמַרְתִּי מְהוֺלָ֑ל Praed 2,2 of laughter I said, It is mad (folly); מְהוֺלָלַי Sl 102,9 those mad against me (|| אוֺיְבָ֑י). Hithpo`el Imperfect וַיִּתְהֹלֵל 1 Sam 21,14 3 masculine plural יִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jer 51,7, יִתְהוֺלֲלוּ Nah 2,5, יִתְהֹלֶ֑לוּ Jer 50,38 Imperative masculine plural הִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jer 49,9, הִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ Jer 25,16 — act madly, or like a madman, וַיִּתְהֹלֵל בְּיָדָם 1 Sam 21,14 (of David) and he acted like a madman in their hands; of idolatrous worship by Chaldeans ׳וּבָאֵימִים יִתְה Jer 50,38 of nations, as drunken men, figurative of terror at Yahweh's judgements, Jer 25,16 (|| הִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ) Jer 51,7 also of madly driving & jolting chariots Nah 2,5; Jer 46,9.