הָפַךְ

Qal Perfect 3 Mos 13,3 + 13 t.; וְהָפַךְ consecutive 2 Kong 21,13; Job 34,25 3 masculine plural הָֽפְכוּ Sl 78,9 הֲפַכְתֶּם Amos 6,12; Jer 23,36, etc.; Imperfect יַהֲפֹךְ Klg 3,3; Jer 13,23 וַיַּהֲפֹךְ 1 Mos 19,25 + 6 t.; וַיַּהֲפָךְֿ 1 Sam 10,9 suffix וַיַּהַפְכֵהוּ Dom 7,13 3 feminine singular וַתַּהֲפֹךְ 2 Kron 9,12 אֶהְפֹּךְ Sef 3,9 וַיַּהַפְכוּ 1 Sam 25,12; Job 12,15 Imperative הֲפֹךְ 1 Kong 22,34 = 2 Kron 18,33 Infinitive absolute הָפוֺךְ Ord 12,7 construct הֲפֹךְ 1 Mos 19,29; 1 Kron 19,3 suffix הָפְכִּי 1 Mos 19,21 הָפְכָהּ 2 Sam 10,3 — on הַפְכְּכֶם (so Baer, q. v.) Es 29,16, see הֶפֶךְ; Participle active הֹפֵךְ Amos 5,8 הַהֹפְכִי Sl 114,8 plural הַהֹפְכִים Amos 5,7 passive הֲפוּכָה Hos 7,8; Klg 4,6. —

1. transitive
\ \ a. turn, turn about, turn over, with accusative: e.g. turn the back (עֹרֶף) Jos 7,8 (JE); a dish (צַלַּחַת) עַלפָּֿנֶיהָ 2 Kong 21,13 the hand, & so the horses of a chariot 1 Kong 22,34 = 2 Kron 18,33; 2 Kong 9,23 but also (followed by בְּ) of hostility Klg 3,3 turn a cake (passive) Hos 7,8 of ׳י, שָׂפָה בְּרוּרָה ׳ה Sef 3,9 i.e. restore speech of a pure kind, followed by אֶלעַֿמִּים; לֵב אַחֵר 1 Sam 10,9 another heart, followed by לוֺ; turn a wind (רוּחַ; i.e. bring from different quarter) 2 Mos 10,19 (J).
\ \ b. overturn, overthrow, followed by accusative Sodom, etc., 1 Mos 19,21; 1 Mos 19,25; 1 Mos 19,29 (J), 5 Mos 29,22; Jer 20,16; Klg 4,6 (compare ׳מַהְפֵּכַת וגו Amos 4,11 see below; also הֲפֵכָה, [מַהְפֵּכָה]); city of Ammon 2 Sam 10,3 = 1 Kron 19,3 (object omitted); mountains Job 9,5; Job 28,9 throne Hag 2,22 (|| הִשְׁמִיד), chariots vHag 2,22 tent (אֹהֶל), לְמַ֫עְלָה ׳ה Dom 7,3 object earth (׳ה = devastate) Job 12,15 wicked men Amos 4,11 (יֲמֹרָה הָפַכְּתִּי בָּכֶם כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶתסְֿדֹם וְאֶתֿ) Ord 12,7; Job 34,25 (object omitted).
\ \ c. turn = change, transform (1) followed by accusative = alter; a colour (עֵינוֺ) 3 Mos 13,55 (P); skin Jer 13,33 bed (מִשְׁכָּבוֺ see ׳מ; Che his lying down) Sl 41,4 i.e. restore to health; (2) pervert דִבְרֵי אֱלֹהִים Jer 23,36 (3) followed by accusative with Infinitive Sl 105,25 he turned their heart to hate his people; (4) turn to, into, followed by two accusative 3 Mos 13,10; Sl 114,8 rock into pool of water; usually followed by accusative + לְ, Sl 66,6 sea into dry land, Sl 78,44 rivers into blood, compare Sl 105,29; Jer 31,13 mourning into joy, so Sl 30,12; Amos 5,7 justice into wormwood, compare Amos 6,12; Amos 8,10 feasts into mourning; 5 Mos 23,6 = Neh 13,2 curse into blessing; Amos 5,8 death-shade into morning.

2. intransitive
\ \ a. turn, turn back, Dom 20,39; Dom 20,41; 2 Kong 5,26; Sl 78,9; 2 Kron 9,12 followed by לדרך 1 Sam 25,12
\ \ b. turn = change, change into, followed by predicate adjective לָבָן ׳ה turn white 3 Mos 13,3; 3 Mos 13,4; 3 Mos 13,13; 3 Mos 13,20 (all P). Niph`al Perfect נֶהְפַּךְ 2 Mos 7,15 + 10 t.; נֶהְפָּ֑ךְ Job 20,14 וְנֶהְפַּךְ consecutive 3 Mos 13,16 נֶהֶפְכָה Klg 5,2 3 masculine plural נֶהְפְּכוּ Job 19,19 + 3 t., נֶהֶפְכוּ 1 Sam 4,19; Dan 10,16, וְנֶהֶפְכוּ consecutive 2 Mos 7,17; Es 34,9, etc.; Imperfect יֵהָפֵךְ Es 60,5; Joel 3,4 וַיֵּהָפֵךְ 2 Mos 14,5; Es 63,10 2 masculine singular תֵּהָפֵךְ Job 30,21; Ezk 4,8 וַיֵּהָֽפְכוּ 2 Mos 7,20 Infinitive absolute נַהֲפוֺךְ Est 9,1 Participle נֶהְפָּךְ Ord 17,20 נֶהְפָּ֑כֶת Jon 3,4 —

1. reflexive & intrans.
\ \ a. turn oneself, turn, turn back (compare Qal 2 a) Jos 8,20 (JE); turn aside Sl 78,57 turn from side to side Ezk 4,8 pains turned upon (עַל) her 1 Sam 4,19 (i.e. came suddenly upon her) compare Dan 10,16 turn against followed by בְּ Job 19,19 turn to (ward), followed by עַל, Es 60,5 (|| בא לְ).
\ \ b. turn = change (oneself) followed by predicate adjective 3 Mos 13,25 (P); followed by predicate noun (?), vine turns into degenerate plant Jer 2,21 no predicate expressed Job 20,14 (compare v^b); of heart turned in compassion Hos 11,8 (|| נִכְמְרוּ נִחוּמָ֑י), in sorrow, distress, Klg 1,20 of heart changed, so as to be favourably disposed toward (followed by אֶל) 2 Mos 14,5 (J) = change of mind; followed by לְ, of plague spots changing colour 3 Mos 13,16; 3 Mos 13,17 (P); rod changing to serpent 2 Mos 7,15 (P); faces to paleness Jer 30,6 dance to mourning Klg 5,15 comeliness to corruption Dan 10,8 וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֺיֵב Es 63,10; Job 30,21.
\ \ c. be perverse, only participle used substantive נֶהְפָּךְ בִּלְשׁוֺנוֺ Ord 17,20 he that is perverse with his tongue.

2. passive,
\ \ a. be turned, turned over to followed by לְ, an inheritance to strangers Klg 5,2.
\ \ b. be reversed Est 9,1.
\ \ c. be turned, changed, followed by לְ, waters into blood 2 Mos 7,17; 2 Mos 7,20 (E); Saul into another man 1 Sam 10,6 streams into pitch Es 34,9 sun to darkness Joel 3,4 stones to chaff Job 41,20 month changed from sorrow to gladness Est 9,22 compare Sl 32,4 where complement omitted
\ \ d. be overturned, overthrown, of city Nineveh Jon 3,4.
\ \ e. be upturned, of subterran. work of miners Job 28,5 = there is an upturning. Hithpa`el Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּתְהַפֵּךְ Job 38,14 Participle מִתְהַפֵּךְ Dom 7,13; Job 37,12 מִתְהַפֶּכֶת 1 Mos 3,24 — reflexive & intransitive:

1. turn this way & that, every way, of the flaming sword 1 Mos 3,24 (J); storm-cloud Job 37,12 turn over & over Dom 7,13, of bread-cake tumbling into the host of Midian.

2. transform oneself, Job 38,14 of earth under rising dawn. Hoph`al Perfect הָהְפַּךְ עָלַי בַּלָּהוֺת Job 30,15 there have been turned upon me terrors (compare הִתְגַּלְגָּ֑לוּ vJob 30,14, of foes).