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הוּא

hûwʼ Strong H1931 personligt stedord

Engelsk he, she, used also

I GT 1409 gange i den hebraiske tekst (BHSA)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

הוּא masculine הִיא feminine (plural masculine הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; feminine הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן [the latter only with prefixes]; see these words), pronoun of the 3rd person singular, he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it, Latin is, ea, id. (The א is not orthographic merely, but radical, being written on Moabite and Phoenician inscriptions, though dropped in some of the later dialects. [In Hebrew only Jer 29,23 Kt, and in the proper name אֱלִיהוּ.] Moabite (MI6; 27) and Phoenician (often) הא; Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, once הו (DHMInschr. von Sendschirli 55); ᵑ7 הוּא, הִיא Syriac , ; Arabic , (for h¥°a, h£°a, WSG 104); Ethiopic we°§t¥, ye°§t£; perhaps also Assyrian šû, šî, himself, herself suffix šu, ši; compare demonstrative šuatu, šiati (see KraeBAS. i. 383 & references, WSG 98, 105 Dl§ 55b, 57). In the Pentateuch, הוא is of common gender, the feminine form הִיא occurring only 11 times, namely 1 Mos 14,2; 1 Mos 20,5; 1 Mos 38,25 (see Masora here), 3 Mos 11,39; 3 Mos 13,10; 3 Mos 13,21; 3 Mos 16,31; 3 Mos 20,17; 3 Mos 21,9; 4 Mos 5,13; 4 Mos 5,14. The punctuators, however, sought to assimilate the usage of the Pentateuch to that of the rest of the OT, and accordingly wherever הוא was construed as a feminine pointed it הִוא (as a Qr perpetuum). Outside the Pentateuch the same Qr occurs 1 Kong 17,15; Es 30,33; Job 31,11a — probably for the sake of removing gramm. anomalies: five instances of the converse change, namely of היא to be read as הוּא, occur for a similar reason, 1 Kong 17,15 (וַתּאֹכַל הוּאוָֿהִיא to be read as וַתּאֹכַל הִיאוָֿהוּא, on account of the feminine verb) Sl 73,16; Job 31,11b (כי הוא זמה והיא עָוֺן פלילים to be read as כי היא זמה והוא עון פלילים), Praed 5,8; 1 Kron 29,16. The origin of the peculiarity in the Pentateuch is uncertain. It can hardly be a real archaism : for the fact that arab., Aramaic, & Ethiopic have distinct forms for masculine & feminine shews that both must have formed part of the original Semitic stock, and consequently of Hebrew as well, from its earliest existence as an independent language. Nor is the peculiarity confined to the Pentateuch: in the Manuscript of the Later Prophets, of A.D. , now at St. Petersburg, published in facsimile by Strack (1876), the feminine occurs written הוא (see the passages cited in the Adnotationes Criticae, p. 026). In Phoenician both masculine and feminine are alike written הא (CIS i. 1 Kron 1,9 מלך צדק הא, 1 Kron 1,13 מלאכת הא, 1 Kron 3,10 אדם הא, 1 Kron 1,11 ממלכת הא, 1 Kron 93,2; 1 Kron 94,2), though naturally this would be read as hu° or hi° as occasion required. Hence, as ᵐ5 shews that in the older Hebrew MSS. the scriptio plena was not yet generally introduced, it is probably that originally הא was written for both genders in Hebrew likewise, and that the epicene הוא in the Pentateuch originated at a comparatively late epoch in the transmission of the text — perhaps in connection with the assumption, which is partly borne out by facts (compare DeZKWL 1880, pp. 393-399), that in the older language feminine forms were more sparingly used than subsequently.)

In usage הוּא (feminine הִיא; plural הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם, ׃ הֵ֫נָּה see הֵ֫מָּה) is

1. an emphatic he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (especially with the article) that (those):
\ \ a. 1 Mos 3,15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (ᵐ5 αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee as to the head (opposed to the following אתה thou), v1 Mos 3,20 for she (and no one else) was the mother of all living (so often in causal sentences, where some emphasis on the subject is desirable as Dom 14,3; Sl 24,2; Sl 25,15; Sl 33,9; Sl 91,3; Sl 103,14; Sl 148,5; Job 5,18; Job 11,11; Job 28,24; Jer 5,5; Jer 34,7b Hos 6,1; Hos 11,10 : Dr1 Sam 14,18), 1 Sam 4,20 Adah bare Jabal הוא היה אבי ישׁב אהלים he (ἐκεῖνος) was the father of tent-dwellers, v1 Sam 4,21; 1 Sam 10,8 he began to be a mighty one in the earth, 1 Sam 20,5 (αὐτός), Dom 13,5; Es 32,7; Es 33,22; 2 Kong 14,7; 2 Kong 14,22; 2 Kong 14,25; Hos 10,2 he — the unseen observer of their thoughts and deeds (Che), Hos 13,15 b (he, the foe figured by the east wind). (For its use thus in circumstantial clauses see Dr§ 157, 160, 168, 169.) And where the predicate is a substantive or participle, 1 Mos 2,11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב ֗֗֗ that is the one which encompasseth etc., v1 Mos 2,13 v1 Mos 2,14; 1 Mos 10,12 that is the great city. So in the explanatory notices, 1 Mos 14,3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַת that is the salt sea, v1 Mos 14,8 הוּאצֹֿעַר that is Zoar, 1 Mos 36,1 + often
\ \ b. pointing back to the subj. and contrasting it with something else : 1 Mos 4,4 הבל גסהֿוא Abel, he also ... v1 Mos 4,26; 1 Mos 10,21; 1 Mos 20,5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא and she, herself also said, 2 Mos 1,10 + often
\ \ c. appended alone to a verb (more rarely, but always with intentional emphasis), 2 Mos 4,14 I know כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak, v2 Mos 4,16; 1 Sam 22,18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he (though none else would do it) smote the priests, 1 Sam 23,22 for one hath told me, עָרֹם יַעְרִם הוּא He can deal subtilly, Ezk 12,12 (peculiarly), compare Dr§ 160 n.: very rarely indeed to a noun 4 Mos 18,23 הַלֵּוִי הוּא Es 7,14 הוא ׳י, Est 9,1 (הֵמָּה) being probably all the examples in the OT.
\ \ d. 1 Mos 13,1 and Abram came up out of Egypt, הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֺ himself and his wife, and all that he had, 1 Mos 14,15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants, 1 Mos 19,30 so very often
\ \ e. prefixed to a noun (very rare, and mostly late), 2 Mos 12,42b Ezk 3,8 & Ezk 33,8 הוּא רָשָׁע : to proper names 2 Mos 6,27 הוא משׁה ואהרן, 1 Kron 26,26 that Shelomoth, 1 Kron 27,6; 2 Kron 28,22; 2 Kron 32,12 (different from 2 Kong 18,22), v2 Kong 18,30; 2 Kong 33,23; Ezr 7,6: compare הֵם Neh 10,38 (compare in Syriac , Nö§ 227): compare Sl 87,5; 1 Sam 20,29.

2. It resumes the subject with emphasis:
\ \ a. when the predicate is a verb (especially if it be separated from its subject by an intervening clause), 1 Mos 15,4 but one that shall come forth out of thine own bowels, הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir, 1 Mos 3,12 the woman whom thou gavest to be with me, הוא נתנה לי she gave to me, 1 Mos 24,7; 1 Mos 44,17 etc. Dom 7,4; 2 Sam 14,19 (throwing stress on יוֺאָב) 1 Kron 11,20; Es 33,15–16; Es 34,16; Es 38,19; Es 47,10; Es 59,16; Es 63,5; Hos 7,8 often in Proverbs, as Hos 10,18; Hos 10,22; Hos 10,24; Hos 11,28; Hos 13,13; Hos 19,21; Hos 22,9; Hos 24,12; 1 Sam 1,13 (see Dr), Sl 68,36.
\ \ b. when the predicate is a noun, 1 Mos 2,14 and the fourth river, הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates, v1 Mos 2,19; 1 Mos 9,18; 1 Mos 15,2; 1 Mos 42,6 הַשַּׁלִּיט וְיוֺסֵף הוּא and Joseph, he was the ruler etc.: in sentences of the type הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים ׳י, הוּא הַנִּלְחָם ׳י לָכֶם, הוּא נַחֲלָ˜תְךָ ׳י, 5 Mos 3,22; 5 Mos 4,35; 5 Mos 7,9; 5 Mos 10,9; Jos 13,14; Jos 13,33; Es 9,14; Es 33,6; (in these cases, to avoid stiffness, it is convenient often to drop the pronoun in translating, as 'And the fourth river was the Euphrates:' the pronoun, however, though it then corresponds to the substantive verb in English, does not really express it, the copula, as the examples shew, being in fact understood. Sts. in AV the pronoun is retained for emphasis, as Deuteronomy ll. cc.) So
\ \ c. after אֲשֶׁר in an affirmative sentence, 1 Mos 9,3 all creeping things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, 3 Mos 11,39; 4 Mos 9,13; 4 Mos 14,8; 4 Mos 35,31 אֲשֶׁר הוּא רָשָׁע לָמוּת who is guilty of death, 5 Mos 20,20; 1 Sam 10,19; Hag 1,9 and elsewhere (On 2, compare Dr§ 199, with Obs.)

3. Where, however, the pron. follows the predicate, its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible: thus
\ \ a. 1 Mos 12,18 why didst thou not tell me כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife ? 1 Mos 20,13; 1 Mos 21,13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed, 1 Mos 31,20 because he told him not כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא, 1 Mos 37,3 + often (the opposite order rare and emphatic: 1 Mos 24,65; 5 Mos 4,6; 5 Mos 30,20; Jos 10,2; 1 Kong 2,22; 1 Kong 3,4; 1 Kong 21,2; Hos 2,4; Sl 45,12).
\ \ b. resuming the subject, 1 Mos 31,16 all the wealth which God hath taken etc., לנו הוא ולבנינו it is ours and our children's, v1 Mos 31,43 and all that thou seest, לי הוא it is mine (or, omitting the pronoun, as not required in our idiom, simply) is mine, 1 Mos 41,26 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one, 1 Mos 48,5 (לי הם), 2 Mos 3,5 for the place where on thou standest, אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground, 4 Mos 13,32; 4 Mos 21,26; 5 Mos 1,17; Jos 5,15; Jos 6,19; Job 3,19 + often; 1 Mos 23,15 ארץ ֗֗֗ מַההִֿוא, so Sl 39,5; Es 41,22 (הֵנָּה); הֵמָּה .... אַתֶּם (unusual) Sef 2,12. (In all such cases the predicate is not referred directly to the subject, but, the subject being made a casus pendens, it is resumed by the pronoun, and the predicate thus referred to it indirectly. By this means the sentence is lightened and relieved, especially if the subject consist of many words: in 1 Mos 31,16 for instance, the direct form of predicate כִּי לָנוּ וּלְבָנֵינוּ כָּלהָֿעשֶׁר אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֱלֹהִים מֵאָבִינוּ would have been heavy and inelegant.) So
\ \ c. after אֲשֶׁר in a negative sentence, 1 Mos 7,2; 1 Mos 17,12 אֲשֶׁר לאֹ מִזַּרְעֲךָ הוּא which is not of thy seed, 4 Mos 17,5; 5 Mos 17,5; 1 Kong 8,41 (compareהֵמָּה 3 c).
\ \ d. peculiarly, as the subject of לֹא, Jer 5,12 לוֺא הוּא He is not; and as embracing its predicate in itself, Es 18,2; Es 18,7 a nation terrible מִןהֿוּא (= מַאֲשֶׁר הוּא) from (the time that) it was, Nah 2,9 מִימֵי הִיא from the days that (stative construct Ges«GKC:130»§ 130. 4) as it was, 2 Kong 7,7 they left the camp כַּאֲשֶׁר הִיא as it was (compare כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה v2 Kong 7,10). (On 3, compare Dr§ 198, with Obs.)

4. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject namely
\ \ a. (rare) Hoj 6,9 אַהַת הִיא יוֺנָתִי תַמָּתִי one is she, my dove my perfect one, 3 Mos 25,11; Ezk 11,15; Ezk 21,16; Klg 1,18 ׳צַדִּיק הוּא י (often so in Late Hebrew); EC Klg 6,10 וְנוֺדָע אֲשֶׁר הוּא אָדָם and that which he, even man, is, is known (De Now); compare 1 Sam 6,19 מִקְרֶה הוּא הָיָה לָנוּ an accident is it, (that) hath befallen us. (compare הֵמָּה 4 a.)
\ \ b. after pronouns — (α) 2 Sam 7,28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he — God, Sl 44,5 אתה הוא מלבי thou art he — my king, Es 37,16; Es 43,25 (אנכי), Es 51,9; Es 51,10; Es 51,12; Es 52,6; Jer 14,22; Jer 29,23 Kt +; compare Jer 49,12 וְאַתָּה הוּא נָקֹה תִנָּקֶה and art thou he (that) shall be unpunished ? (with change of person κατά σύνεσιν, compare Dom 13,11; 1 Kron 21,17; Ezk 38,17.) So Ew§ 297 b Müll§ 499. But others, as GesThes Roo§ 563 DeEs 37,16; Sl 44,1–200. 5, treat הוא as emphasizing the pronoun, 'Thou, he, art God' i.e. Thou and none else art God; 'Thou (emphatic) art my king.'. (β) מִי הוּא, followed by a participle or substantive 1 Mos 27,33; Sl 24,10 מִי הוּא זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד who is he, then — the king of glory ? (according to others, as before, 'Who (emphatic), then, is the king of glory ?'); followed by a verb Es 50,9 מִי הוּא יַרְשִׁיעֵנִי who is he (that) will condemn me ? (others 'Who (emphatic) will condemn me ?') Job 4,7; Job 13,19; Job 17,3; Job 41,2; Jer 30,21 (so with הֵנָּה 1 Mos 21,29, הֵמָּה Zak 1,9; Zak 4,5). (γ) זֶההֿוּא 1 Kron 22,1 EC 1 Kron 1,17 (frequently in Late Hebrew, where the two words coalesce into one זֶהוּ) . On the analogous אֵלֶּה הֵם ֗֗֗ ), see הֵמָּה 4 b (γ). (compare Dr§ 200, 201)

5. As an emphatic predicate, of God, 'I am He,' i.e. I am He Who is (opposed to unreal gods, named in context, or to transitory world), the Unseen, yet Omni-present, and Self-consistent, Ruler of the world, 5 Mos 32,39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he, and beside me there is no God, Es 41,4 (see Che) Es 43,10; Es 43,13 even from to-day I am he, Es 46,4; Es 48,12; Sl 102,28 (see Che) thou art he, and thy years have no end (ᵐ5 usually ἐγώ εἰμι : in Psalms σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ). So also, according to many, Job 3,19, but is הוא a mere predicate of identity ? see rather 3b.

6. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matter, etc.) —
\ \ a. Jos 2,21 כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם כֶּןהֿוּא according to your words, so be it; 1 Mos 42,14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said, 2 Mos 16,23; 3 Mos 10,3; 2 Kong 9,36; Job 8,19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that (what has just been described) is the joy of his way, Job 13,16; Job 15,9; Job 31,28; Ord 7,23; Praed 2,1; Praed 3,22; Praed 9,9; Est 9,1b; similarly the feminine הִיא, Dom 14,4 they knew not היא ׳כי מי that it was from ׳י, 4 Mos 14,41; Jos 10,13; Es 14,24; Sl 77,10 חַלּוֺתִי הִיא it (this perplexity) is my sickness, Job 9,22; Ord 18,13; Jer 22,16; 2 Kron 25,20; Praed 3,13 reference to זאת Amos 7,6; Sl 118,23; Job 5,27, זִּה Praed 2,24. (Where there is a predicate, the gender of this usually regulates the choice of m. or f.: hence הִוא 1 Mos 34,14; 2 Mos 8,15; 4 Mos 15,25 (Praed 5,5) 5 Mos 4,6 +.)
\ \ b. affirming the presence or existence of something (rare) : 2 Kong 18,36 = Es 36,21 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king's command, saying etc., 1 Sam 20,33 (text dubious), Jer 50,15; Jer 50,25; Jer 51,6; Jer 51,11; Mik 2,3, perhaps Job 32,8. p. 241.
7. With the art. הַהוּא, הַהִיא, הָהֵ֫מָּה, הָהֵם, הָהֵ֫נָּה: so regularly when joined to a substantive defined itself by the article: 1 Mos 2,12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land, 1 Mos 19,35 ובלילה ההוא and in that night, 1 Mos 21,22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time, 5 Mos 1,19 המדבר הגדול והנורא ההוא. Only four times does there occur the anomalous construction בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא 1 Mos 19,33; 1 Mos 30,16; 1 Mos 32,23; 1 Sam 19,10.

Flere artikler i BDB med samme Strong-nummer

הוּ BDB2086

הוּ Jer 29,23 Kt, see הוּא.

הוּא BDB9471 · aramaisk

הוּא14 masculine הִיא7 feminine pronoun of 3 singular he, she, it (= Biblical Hebrew הוּא, הִיא; Zinjirli and Palmyrene (once) הא, Palmyrene (usually), Nabataean, Egyptian Aramaic הו, feminine ׳ה, Lzb257, S-CPap. A 1, 12+; A 4, C 9 +. The plural is אִנּוּן, q. v.); — he, she, it, Dan 2,21 וְהוּא מְהַשְׁנֵא ֗֗֗ and he will change, etc., vDan 2,22 vDan 2,44; Dan 6,5; Dan 7,7; Dan 7,24; Ezr 5,8; Dan 2,32 הוּא צַלְמָא that image (nom. pend. ['hanging' noun clause]); Dan 4,19 אַנְתָּה הוּא thou art it. Resuming the subject with emphatic (Biblical Hebrew 2 b) Dan 2,47; Dan 6,17 resuming the subject in predication (ib. 3 b) Dan 2,20 חָכְמְתָא וּגְבוּרְתָּא דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא it is his, vDan 2,28. Anticipating the subject (ib. 4 a) Dan 2,9 חֲדָא הִיא דָֽתְכוֺן; with a pronoun (ib. 4 b) Dan 2,38 אַנְתְּה הוּא ֗֗֗ thou art the head of gold Dan 5,13; Dan 3,15 מָן הוּא אֱלָהּ ֗֗֗ who is the god . . . ? (so plural אִנּוּן Ezr 5,4); Ezr 4,27 הֲלָא דָא הִיא ֗֗֗ (ib. 4 b γ); Ezr 6,27 דִּי הוּא ֗֗֗ who is . . . (ib. 2 c), Ezr 6,15 (so דִּי אִנוּן ֗֗֗ Dan 7,17). [compare in ᵑ7 2 Mos 14,25; 2 Mos 15,11; 2 Sam 20,19; 2 Sam 24,17; Sl 43,2; Sl 63,4; Sl 66,3 +.] Affirming existence (Biblical Hebrew 6 b) Dan 4,21. compare Dr §§ 198-201, K§ 87, 3.

Forekomster pr. bog

1 Mos 114 2 Mos 58 3 Mos 83 4 Mos 55 5 Mos 75 Jos 42 Dom 56 Rut 5 1 Sam 81 2 Sam 45 1 Kong 56 2 Kong 42 1 Kron 47 2 Kron 41 Ezr 9 Neh 18 Est 14 Job 44 Sl 47 Ord 25 Praed 25 Es 91 Jer 55 Klg 2 Ezk 50 Dan 18 Hos 17 Joel 2 Amos 11 Ob 1 Jon 1 Mik 8 Nah 3 Hab 4 Sef 5 Hag 3 Zak 29 Mal 6
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2. Mosebog

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2. Samuelsbog

1. Kongebog

2. Kongebog

1. Krønikebog

2. Krønikebog

Ezras Bog

Nehemias' Bog

Esters Bog

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Ordsprogenes Bog

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Jeremias' Bog

Klagesangene

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Daniels Bog

Hoseas' Bog

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Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.