ἐν

ἐν,

prep, (the most frequently of all in NT), with dative (= Heb. בְּ, Lat. in, with abl.).

I. Of place, with dative of thing(s), of person(s), in, within, on, at, by, among: ἐν τ. πόλει, Luk 7,37 τ. οφθαλμῷ, Matt 7,3 τ. κοιλίᾳ, Matt 12,40 τ. ὄρει, 2 Pet 1,18 τ. θρόνῳ, Åb 3,21 τ. δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ, Rom 8,34 ἐν ἡμῖν Abbott-Smith has ὑμῖν., Luk 1,1 of books, ἐν τ. βιβλίῳ, Gal 3,10 τ. νόμῳ, Matt 12,5, al.; ἐν τοῖς τ. Πατρός, in my Father's house (RV; cf. M, Pr., 103), Luk 2,49 trop., of the region of thought or feeling, ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ (-αις), Matt 5,28, 2 Kor 4,6, al.; τ. συνειδήσεσιν, 2 Kor 5,11 after verbs of motion, instead of εἰς (constructio praegnans, a usage extended in late Gk. beyond the limits observed in cl.; cf. Bl., §41, 1; M, Th., 12), ἀποστέλλω . . . ἐν, Matt 10,16, δέδωκεν ἐν τ. χειρί (cf. τιθέναι ἐν χερσί, Hom., Il., i, 441, al.), Joh 3,35 id. after verbs of coming and going (not in cl.), εἰσῆλθε, Luk 9,46 ἐξῆλθεν, Luk 7,17,

II. Of state, condition, form, occupation, etc.: ἐν ζωῇ, Rom 5,10 ἐν τ. θανάτῳ, 1 Joh 3,14 ἐν πειρασμοῖς, 1 Pet 1,6 ἐν εἰρήνῃ, Mark 5,25 ἐν δόξῃ, Fil 4,19 ἐν πραΰτητι, Jak 3,13 ἐν μυστηρίῳ, 1 Kor 2,7 ἐν τ. διδαχῇ, Mark 4,2 of a part as contained in a whole, ἐν τ. ἀμπέλῳ, Joh 15,4 ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, Rom 12,4 of accompanying objects or persons (simple dative in cl.), with, ἐν αἵματι, Hebr 9,25 ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν, Luk 14,31 (cf. Jud 14, ApG 7,14); similarly (cl.), of clothing, armour, arms, ἐν στολαῖς, Mark 12,38 ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ, Jak 2,2 ἐν μαξαίρῃ, Luk 22,49 ἐν ῥάβδῳ, 1 Kor 4,21 (cf. ἐν τόξοις, Xen., Mem., 3, 9, 2); of manner (cl.), ἐν τάχει (= ταχέως), Luk 18,8 (cf. Bl., §41, 1); of spiritual influence, ἐν πνεύματι, Rom 8,9 ἐν π. ἀκαθάρτῳ, Mark 1,23 of the mystical relation of the Christian life and the believer himself, to God and Christ (cf. ICC, Ro., 160f.; Mayor on Jud 1; M, Pr., 103): ἐν Χριστῷ, Rom 3,24; 6,11, 1 Kor 3,1; 4,10, 2 Kor 12,2, Gal 2,17, Ef 6,21, Kol 4,7, 1 Thess 4,16, al.

III. Of the agent, instrument or means (an extension of cl. ἐν of instr.—see LS, see word Ill—corresponding to similar use of Heb. בְּ), by, with: ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος (= cl. παρά, C. dative), 1 Kor 6,2 ἐν τ. ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων, Matt 9,34 ἐν αἵματι, Hebr 9,22 ἐν ὕδατι, Matt 3,11, al.; ἐν μαχαίρᾳ ἀποκτενεῖ (cf. the absol. ἐν μ., ἐν ῥάβδῳ, supr., II, which some would classify here), Åb 13,10 (Åb 6,8). Allied to this usage and distinctly Semitic are the following: ἠγόρασας . . . ἐν τ. αἵματι σου (cf. BDB, see word בְּ, III, 3), Åb 5,9 ὁμολογεῖν ἐν (= Aram. אודי בּ; cf. McNeile on Mt, I.with; M, Pr., 104), Matt 10,32, Luk 12,8; ὀμνύναι ἐν (= cl. accusative, so Jak 5,12), Matt 5,34, al.; also at the rate of, amounting to, Mark 4,8 (WH; vv. ll., εἰς, ἒν), ApG 7,14 (LXX).

IV. Of time,

(a) in or during a period: ἐν τ. ἡμέρᾳ (νυκτί), Joh 11,9, al.; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Matt 12,2, al.; ἐν τῷ μεταξύ, meanwhile, Joh 4,31

(b) at the time of an event: ἐν τ. παρουσίᾳ, 1 Kor 15,23 ἐν τ. ἀναστάσει, Matt 22,28

(with) with art. inf.,

(α) present (so sometimes in cl., but not as in NT = ἕως; V. M, Pr., 215), while: Matt 13,4, Mark 6,48, Gal 4,18, al.;

(β) aor., when, after: Luk 9,36, al.;

(d) within (cl.): Matt 27,40,

V. In composition: (1) meaning: (a) with adjectives, it signifies usually the possession of a quality, as ἐνάλιος, ἐν́δοξος; (b) with verbs, continuance in (before ἐν) or motion into (before εἰς), as ἐμμένω, ἐμβαίνω. (ii) Assimilation: ἐν becomes ἐμ- before β, μ, π, φ, ψ; ἐγ- before γ, κ, ξ, χ; ἐλ- before λ. But in the older MSS of NT, followed by modern editions, assimilation is sometimes neglected, as in ἐνγράφω, ἐγκαινίζω, etc.