κατά

κατά (bef. a vowel κατ᾽, καθ᾽; on the frequently neglect of elision, see Tdf., Pr., 95; WH, App., 146a),

prep. with genitive, accusative,

down, downwards.

I. C. genitive (WM, §47, k; Bl., §42, 2).

1. C. genitive of thing(s), in local sense;

(a) down, down from: Matt 8,32, Mark 5,13, Luk 8,33, 1 Kor 11,4;

(b) throughout (late usage; Bl, l.with): κ. ὅλης κ.τ.λ., Luk 4,14; 23,5, ApG 9,31; 10,37;

(with) in a peculiar adjectival phrase: ἡ κ. βάθους, deep or extreme poverty, 2 Kor 8,2,

2. C. genitive of person(s), usually in hostile sense;

(a) against (in cl. only after verbs of speaking, witnessing, etc.): opposite to ὑπέρ, Mark 9,40 μετά, Matt 12,30 after ἐπιθυμεῖν, Gal 5,17 λαλεῖν, ApG 6,13 διδάσκειν, ApG 21,28 ψεύδεσθαι, Jak 3,14 after verbs of accusing, etc., Matt 5,23, Luk 23,14, Rom 8,33, al.; verbs of fighting, prevailing, etc., Matt 10,35, ApG 14,2, 1 Kor 4,6, al.;

(b) of swearing, by: όμνυμι κ. (BL, §34, 1), Hebr 6,13,16, cf. Matt 26,63,

II. C. accusative (WM, §49d; BL, §42, 2).

1. Of motion or direction;

(a) through, throughout: Luk 8,39; 9,6; 10,4, ApG 8,1, 36 al.;

(b) to, towards, over against: Luk 10,32 (Field, Notes, 62), ApG 2,1o 16:7, Gal 2,11, Fil 3,14, al.;

(with) in adverbial phrases, at, in, by, of: κατ᾽ οἶκον, at home, ApG 2,46 κατ᾽ ἰδίαν (see: ἴδιος); καθ᾽ ἑαυτόν, ApG 28,16, Rom 14,22, Jak 2,17; with pron. of person(s), ApG 17,28; 18,15, Rom 1,15, Ef 1,15, al.

2. Of time, at, during, about: ApG 8,26; 12,1; 19,23, Rom 9,9 Hebr 1,10, al.

3. Distributive;

(a) of place: κ. τόποὐς, Matt 24,7, al.; κ. πόλιν, Luk 8,1, 4 al.; κ. ἐκκλησίαν, ApG 14,23,

(b) of time: κ. ἔτος, Luk 2,41 ἑορτήν, Matt 27,15, al.;

(with) of numbers, etc.: καθ᾽ ἕνα πάντες, 1 Kor 14,31 (on καθ᾽ εἷς, see: εἷς); κ. ἑκατόν, Mark 6,40 κ. μέρος, Hebr 9,5 κ. ὄνομα, Joh 10,3,

4. Of fitness, reference, conformity, etc.;

(a) in relation to, concerning: Rom 1,3, 4; 7,22; 9,3, 5, 1 Kor 12,6; 10,18, Fil 1,12; κ. πάντα, ApG 17,22, Kol 3,20, 22 Hebr 2,17; 4,15;

(b) according to, after, like: Mark 7,5, Luk 2,27, 29 Joh 7,24 Rom 8,4; 14,15, Ef 2,2, Kol 2,8, Jak 2,8, al.

III. In composition, κ. denotes,

1. down, down from (καταβαίνω), etc.), hence, metaphorically;

(a) victory or rule over (καταδουλόω, -κυριεύω, etc.);

(b) "perfective" action (M, Pr., 111ff.).

2. under (κατακαλύπτω), etc.).

3. in succession (καθεξῆς).

4. after, behind (καταλείπω).

5. Hostility, against (καταλαλέω).