ἁμαρτία

ἁμαρτία, -ας, ἡ

(ἁμαρτάνω, which see), [in LXX chiefly for חַטָּאת and cogn. forms, also for פֶּשַׁע ,עָוֹן, etc. ;]

prop. a missing the mark; in cl. (see reff. to CR in MM, VGT, see word);

(a) guilt, sin (Plat., Arist., al.);

(b) more freq., from Æsch. down, a fault, failure. In NT (as LXX) always in ethical sense;

1. as a principle and quality of action, = τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν, a sinning, sin: Rom 5,12, 13, 20; ὑφ᾽ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι, Rom 3,9 ἐπιμένειν, Rom 6,1 ἀποθνήσκειν, νεκρὸν εἶναι τῇ ἁ., Rom 6,2, 11; τὴν ἀ. γινώσκειν, Rom 7,7 σῶμα τῆς ἁ., Rom 6,6 ἀπάτη τῆς ἁ., Hebr 3,13 personified as a ruling principle, ἁ. βασιλεύει, κυριεύει, etc., Rom 5,21 6:12, 14 7:17, 20; δουλεύειν, Rom 6,6 δοῦλος τῆς ἁ., ib. 17; νόμος τῆς ἁ., Rom 7,23; 8,2; δύναμις τῆς ἁ., 1 Kor 15,56 (cf. 1 Mos 4,7).

2. As a generic term (disting. fr. the specific terms ἁμάρτημα, which see, etc.) for concrete wrongdoing, violation of the divine law, sin: Joh 8,46, Jak 1,15, al.; ποιεῖν (τὴν) ἁ., Joh 8,34, 2 Kor 11,7, 1 Joh 3,8; εἴχειν ἁ., Joh 9,41; 15,22, 24; 19,11, 1 Joh 1,8; in pl. ἁμαρτίαι, sin in the aggregate, 1 Thess 2,16 (see Milligan, in l.); ποιεῖν ἁμαρτίας, Jak 5,15 πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν, Jak 5,20, 1Pet 4,8; ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν, Matt 26,28, Mark 1,4, al.; ἐν ἁμαρτίαις εἶναι, 1 Kor 15,17 collectively, αἴρειν τὴν ἁ. τ. κόσμου, Joh 1,29 ἀποθνήσκειν ἐν τῇ ἁ., Joh 8,21,

3. = ἁμάρτημα, a sinful deed, a sin: Matt 12,31, ApG 7,60, 1 Joh 5,16.

SYN.: see: ἁμάρτημα.