זָקֵן

1. old, of human beings, as adjective predicate 1 Mos 18,11 (J), Job 32,4 (מִמֶּנּוּ לְיָמִים ׳ז, in comparison), or attributive אָב זָקֵן 1 Mos 44,20 (J), ׳אִישׁ ז Dom 19,16; Dom 19,17; Dom 19,20; Dom 19,22, ׳נָבִיא ז 1 Kong 13,11; 1 Kong 13,25; 1 Kong 13,29, ׳מֶלֶךְ ז Praed 4,13 probably also וּשְׂבַע ימים ׳ז 1 Mos 35,29 (P), Job 42,17 and 1 Mos 25,8 (P) according to ᵐ5 Sam Di; compare also Ezr 3,12.

2. usually as substantive:
\ \ a. old man (or woman),
\ \ b. elder;
\ \ a. old man 1 Mos 43,27 (J), 3 Mos 19,32 (H), 5 Mos 28,50; 5 Mos 32,7 (|| אָב), 1 Sam 2,31; 1 Sam 2,32; 1 Sam 28,14; Es 47,6; Job 12,20; Job 32,9; Ord 17,6; Ord 20,29; Sl 119,100; Joel 1,2 old men and old women Zak 8,4 (twice in verse); compare זְקַן בֵּיתוֺ 1 Mos 24,2 (J), זִקְנֵי בֵיתוֺ 2 Sam 12,17 especially opposed to נַעַר 2 Mos 10,9 (E), Es 3,5; Es 20,4; Jer 51,22; Klg 2,21; Sl 148,12, and in phrase מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקֵן 1 Mos 19,4 (J), Jos 6,21 (JE), Est 3,13 opposed to ילדים 1 Kong 12,6; 1 Kong 12,8; 1 Kong 12,13 = 2 Kron 10,6; 2 Kron 10,8; 2 Kron 10,13 opposed to בַּחוּרִים Jer 31,13; Ezk 9,6; Joel 3,1, compare 2 Kron 36,17 (+ יָשֵׁשׁ) and Jer 6,11 (+ מְלֵא ימים); opposed to עוּל ימים Es 65,20 opposed to יונקי שׁדים and עוללים Joel 2,16.
\ \ b. usually plural elders, as having authority, term techn. (100 t. +); elders of a people, especially Israel 2 Mos 3,16; 2 Mos 3,18; 2 Mos 12,21 (all J), 2 Mos 17,5; 2 Mos 17,6; 2 Mos 18,12; 2 Mos 19,7; 2 Mos 24,1; 2 Mos 24,9; 2 Mos 24,14; Jos 24,1 (all E), 4 Mos 11,16 (twice in verse) (שֹׁטְרָיו), v4 Mos 11,24 v4 Mos 11,25 v4 Mos 11,30; 4 Mos 16,25; Jos 7,6; Jos 8,10; Jos 9,11 (all J E), 5 Mos 5,20 (|| רָאשֵׁי שִׁבְטֵיכֶם), 5 Mos 27,1; 5 Mos 29,9 (|| ראשׁי שׁבטיכם, שֹׁטְרֵיכֶם), 5 Mos 31,9; 5 Mos 31,28; Jos 8,33 (|| שֹׁטְרִים וְשֹׁפְטָיו), Jos 23,2 (|| רָאשׁיו, שֹׁפְטָיו, שֹׁטְרָיו); compare also probably Jos 24,31 = Dom 2,7 (all D); 3 Mos 9,1, compare זִקְנֵי הָעֵדָה 3 Mos 4,15 ( both P), Dom 21,16 see also 1 Sam 4,3; 1 Sam 8,4; 1 Sam 15,30; 2 Sam 3,17; 2 Sam 5,3 = 1 Kron 11,3; 2 Sam 17,4; 2 Sam 17,15; 1 Kong 8,1; 1 Kong 8,3 = 2 Kron 5,2; 2 Kron 5,4, also 1 Kron 15,25; 1 Kron 21,16 compare Es 3,2 (גִּבּוֺר וְאִישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה ׳שׁוֺפֵט וְנָבִיא וְקֹסֵם וְז), Es 9,14 (|| נְשׂוּאפָֿנִים, but see probably gloss, compare Ew Che Di Du and others); elders of one tribe (Judah) 1 Sam 30,26; 2 Sam 19,12, so of Gilead Dom 11,5; Dom 11,7; Dom 11,8; Dom 11,9; Dom 11,10; Dom 11,11 after the division of the kingdoms, of Northern Israel זקני הארץ 1 Kong 20,7 compare v1 Kong 20,8, also 2 Kong 6,32 (twice in verse); 2 Kong 10,1 (|| שָׂרִים etc.) compare v2 Kong 10,5 under Josiah זקני יְהוּדָה 2 Kong 23,1 = 2 Kron 34,29 see also הארץ ׳ז Jer 26,17, compare זקני ארץ Ord 31,23, compare Klg 1,19; Klg 2,10; Klg 4,16; Klg 5,12; Klg 5,14 (|| שׂרים; + שַׁעַר); often in Ezek.: Ezk 7,26 (|| כהן), of Judah Ezk 8,1, of Israel Ezk 8,11; Ezk 8,12; Ezk 14,1; Ezk 20,1; Ezk 20,3, also Ezk 9,6 (but strike out Co). Exilic הַגּוֺלָה ׳ז Jer 29,1 (|| הכהנים, הנביאים); post-exile Ezr 10,8 (|| שׂרים), possibly also Joel 1,14 elders of ׳י Es 24,23 (compare 2 Mos 24,1; 2 Mos 24,9), זִקְנֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים 2 Kong 19,2 = Es 37,2, so Jer 19,1 (|| זקני העם); of other peoples, Midian 4 Mos 22,4; 4 Mos 22,7, Moab v4 Mos 22,7 (all E), Egypt Sl 105,22 (|| שׂרים); of Gebal Ezk 27,9 elders of a city, especially as sitting in the gate to judge 5 Mos 19,12; 5 Mos 21,2 (+ שֹׁפְטֶיךָ) v5 Mos 21,3 v5 Mos 21,4 v5 Mos 21,6 v5 Mos 21,19 (+ שַׁעַרמְֿקֹמוֺ), v5 Mos 21,20; 5 Mos 22,15 (+ הַשָּׁ֑עְרָה), v5 Mos 22,16 v5 Mos 22,17 v5 Mos 22,18; 5 Mos 25,7 (+ הַשַּׁ֫עֲרָה), v5 Mos 25,8 v5 Mos 25,9 (all in Deuteronomic code, and only so therein), Rut 4,2; Rut 4,4; Rut 4,9; Rut 4,11 (compare שַׁעַר vRut 4,1 vRut 4,11), מוֺשַׁב זְקֵנִים Sl 107,32 (|| קְהַלעָֿ֑ם); Dom 8,14 (|| שׂרים), vDom 8,16; 1 Sam 11,3; 1 Sam 16,4; 1 Kong 21,8; 1 Kong 21,11; Ezr 10,14.