גַּם

1. also, moreover, emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire sentence, but more usually the word immediately following, as 1 Mos 3,6 וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּ and gave also to her husband, v1 Mos 3,27 and take also of the tree of life, 1 Mos 7,3; 1 Mos 19,21; 1 Mos 24,19; 1 Mos 26,21; 1 Mos 29,27; 1 Mos 30,15; 1 Mos 32,21 (גַּם הִגֵּה ֗֗֗ : so Est 7,9) 1 Mos 48,11; 2 Mos 8,28; 2 Mos 12,32b 5 Mos 1,37; 1 Sam 28,20; 2 Sam 11,12; 2 Kong 9,27; Es 7,13 +. Often before pronouns, 1 Mos 4,4 וְהֶבֶל הֵבִיא גַם הוּא and Abel, he also brought, 1 Mos 20,5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא (so only here) and she herself also, v1 Mos 20,6; 1 Mos 27,31 וַיַּעַשׂ גַּם הוּא, 1 Mos 30,8; 5 Mos 3,20; Dom 3,31; Dom 6,35; Dom 9,19; 1 Sam 19,20–24; Jer 12,6; Jer 48,26 etc. (compare MI⁶ ויאמר גם הא): especially in genealogies of J (Bu^{Urg. 220}) 1 Mos 4,22; 1 Mos 4,26; 1 Mos 10,21; 1 Mos 19,38; 1 Mos 22,20; 1 Mos 22,24 compare Dom 8,31. גַּם followed by pronoun also begins a sentence with emphasis in an elevated style, thou (they) also, Es 14,10; Jer 12,6 (twice in verse); Jer 48,7; Ezk 16,52; Nah 3,11 (twice in verse). After a pronoun in an oblique case (Ges^{«GKC:135»§ 135}, 2) 1 Mos 27,34; 1 Sam 19,23; 2 Sam 17,5; Jer 25,14; Jer 27,7 +. וְגַם and also (more often than גַּם alone attaching a sentence) 1 Mos 6,4; 1 Mos 14,16; 1 Mos 15,14; 1 Mos 17,16; 1 Mos 20,12; 1 Mos 24,14; 1 Mos 24,46; 1 Mos 30,6; 1 Mos 37,7; 1 Mos 38,24; 1 Mos 42,28; 2 Mos 2,19; 2 Mos 3,9; 2 Mos 4,14; Jos 7,11 (5 t.) 1 Sam 4,17; 1 Kong 21,19 + often; with a negative = neither 2 Mos 5,2; 2 Mos 34,3 and elsewhere — גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם (like et ... et) both ... and 1 Mos 44,16; 1 Mos 47,3; 1 Mos 47,19; 4 Mos 18,3; Jer 51,12; Sl 49,3 +: גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם 1 Mos 24,25; Dom 8,22; Praed 9,6: with a negative neither ... nor 4 Mos 23,25; 1 Sam 20,27; 1 Kong 3,26, and (3 t.) 1 Mos 43,8; 2 Mos 4,10; 1 Sam 28,6. So (but seldom) גַּםוְ֗֗֗גַם 1 Mos 24,44; 1 Mos 1,26; 1 Mos 12,14; 1 Mos 26,25: with negative 1 Sam 21,9. —

2. with stress on a particular word, even, 2 Mos 4,9; 4 Mos 22,33 גַּם אוֺתְךָ even thee I had slain, and kept her alive, 2 Sam 17,10; Jer 2,33; Sl 132,12; Ord 14,13 even in laughter the heart is sorrowful, vOrd 14,20; Ord 17,28; Ord 20,11; Rut 2,15; Neh 3,35 and so often after כִּי, 5 Mos 12,31 for even their sons they burn in the fire to their gods, 1 Sam 22,17; Es 26,12; Jer 6,11; Jer 12,6; Jer 14,5; Hos 9,12 כִּיגַֿםאֿוֺי לָהֶם for even woe is it to them when I depart from them; הֲגַם 1 Mos 16,13; 1 Sam 10,11; 1 Sam 10,12 = 1 Sam 19,24; 1 Kong 17,20; Sl 78,20; Job 41,1; Est 7,8. Other cases: — 1 Sam 24,12 רְאֵה גַּם רְאֵה see, yea see ! (but Hup^{Qu. Job vi.} גַּם רָאֹה: compare below) Sl 118,11; Job 2,10 גַּם אֶתהַֿטּוֺב נְקַבֵּל shall we receive good (emphatic) from God and not evil ? Job 21,7 interposed once between a substantive and adjective 1 Mos 20,4 gentemne etiam justam interficies? emphasizing כֹּל, 5 Mos 28,61; Dom 9,49b 1 Sam 22,7 גַּםֿ לְכֻלְּכֶם to all (emphatic) of you will he give ...? 2 Sam 19,31 גַּם אֶתהַֿכֹּל יִקָּ֑ח yea, the whole let him take! Es 26,12 אֶחָד 2 Sam 17,12b and we will not leave גַּם אֶחָד ֗֗֗ even one (similarly v2 Sam 17,13 b), Sl 14,3 (= Sl 53,4) אֵין גַּם אֶחָד; an infinitive or cognate accusative attached to a verb, 1 Mos 31,15; 1 Mos 46,4; 4 Mos 11,15; 4 Mos 16,13; 1 Sam 1,6. גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם literally even both i.e. the one as well as the other (German alle beide) is said idiomatically, 1 Mos 27,45 (שְׁנֵיכֶם), 5 Mos 22,22; 5 Mos 23,19; 1 Sam 25,43 (שְׁתֵּיהֶן), Ord 17,15; Ord 20,10; Ord 20,12; Rut 1,5.

3. introducing a climax, yea, especially in a rhetorical style, 1 Mos 27,33; 5 Mos 23,3; 5 Mos 23,4; Dom 5,4 (twice in verse); Es 13,3; Es 14,8; Es 43,13 yea, from to-day I am the same, Es 44,12 גַּם רָעֵב yea, he is hungry, and has no strength, Es 47,3; Es 48,8 (3 t. in verse); Es 57,7; Jer 46,16; Jer 48,2; Jer 51,44; Hos 7,9; Sl 41,10; Sl 84,7; Sl 139,12; Es 66,8 כִּיחָֿ֫לָה גַּםיָָֽֿלְדָה, צִיּוֺן אֶתבָּֿנֶיהָ, Jer 5,28; Jer 12,2; Ezk 24,5; Job 21,7; Hoj 8,1: emphasizing an extreme, or aggravated, case, yea, even, Es 49,15 yea, these may forgot, Jer 8,17 yea, the stork knoweth, etc., Es 23,12 גַּם שָׁם even there no rest shall be for thee (so Sl 139,10), Es 49,25; Es 57,6; Jer 23,11b; Mal 3,15; Sl 84,4.

4. expressing correspondence, especially in the matter of retribution (the גַּם correlativum), so frequently גַּם אֲנִי, גַּם אָנֹכִי I also (on my part): — 1 Mos 20,6 I also [as well as thyself] know that thou hast done this innocently, Jos 24,18; Dom 2,21; 1 Sam 1,28 (compare Dr) 1 Sam 28,22 גַּם אַתָּה thou also (as I have done v1 Sam 28,21), 2 Sam 12,13 ׳י also [responding to thy confession] hath removed thy sin, 2 Kong 2,3; 2 Kong 2,5; Es 31,2; Es 66,3–4 (גם ֗֗֗ גם, emphasizing the action of both parties), Jer 2,36; Jer 4,12 now will I also [in correspondence with their deeds] speak judgments with them, Jer 7,11; Jer 51,49 (גם ֗֗֗ גם), Ezk 5,8; Ezk 5,11; Ezk 16,43 (וְגַם = therefore also), Ezk 23,35; Hos 4,6 because thou hast forgotten the direction of thy God, I also (on my part) will forget thy children, Sl 52,7 (thou lovest evil, etc.) גַּם אֵל יִתָּצְךָ God also (on his part) will pluck thee up, Sl 71,22; Sl 133,1; Ord 1,26; Job 7,11; Job 12,3; Job 16,4 so וְגַם Dom 2,3; Amos 4,6; Amos 4,7; Mik 6,13; Mal 2,9. In the apodosis (uncommon): 1 Mos 13,16 if a man could number the dust of the earth, גַּם זַרְעֲךָ יִמָּנֶה thy seed also should be numbered, Jer 31,36; Jer 31,37; Jer 33,21; Jer 33,26; Zak 8,6. The correspondence is sometimes of the nature of a climax: 1 Mos 27,33; 1 Mos 30,8 I have wrestled, גַּם יָכֹלְתִּי (compare 1 Kong 22,22 וְגַם תּוּכָ֔ל, Jer 50,24), Es 66,8.

5. connecting two ideas which express (or imply) a contradiction, גַּם acquires sometimes an adversative force (compare אַף 1 end), yet, but, though: Sl 95,9 they tried me, but also (Che) saw my work (namely of judgment), Sl 129,2; Jer 6,15 = Jer 8,12; Ezk 20,23; Praed 4,8; Praed 4,16; Praed 5,18; Neh 6,1. So וְגַם Ezk 16,28; Ezk 20,15; Praed 3,13; Praed 6,7; Neh 5,8.

6. גַּם כִּי (with imperfect) yea, when Klg 3,8, even when Ord 22,6 yea though (stating an imagined case) Es 1,15; Hos 8,10; Hos 9,16; Sl 23,4 (so גַּם אִם Praed 8,17); also (is it) that Rut 2,21 (see כִּי 1 d). כִּי גַם = for even (see above 2); = though even, although (conceding a fact) Praed 4,14 (see De) Praed 8,12.