בְּרִית
Engelsk ilu, on the passage, goddess
Brown-Driver-Briggs
II. אֵל noun masculine (also, in proper name אֶל, אֱלִי; Samaritan אל, Phoenician אל, אלן (i.e. probably אֵלֹן), Sabean אל, DHMOr. Congr. Leiden, 1883, Assyrian ilu, Dlw; perhaps also Arabic, Aramaic compare Nöon the passage; on goddess אלת Phoenician, Palmyrene, Nabataean, Sabean (also אלהת) DHMl. c; Arabic (plural ) FlKl. Schr. i. 154, Assyrian Allatu Jr66, Syriac , compare also BaeRel 58, 90, 97, 271, 207) god, but with various subordinate applications to express idea of might; — hardly ever in prose except with defining word (adjective or genitive); its only suffix is יִ֯; —
1. applied to men of might and rank, אֵל גוים mighty one of the nations Ezk 31,11 (of Nebuchadnezzar; ᵐ5 ἄρχων ἔθνων, איל some MSS. Co); אֵלִים mighty men Job 41,17 (אילים, many MSS. Di); אֵלֵי גִבּוֺרִים mighty heroes Ezk 32,21 (אֵילֵי MSS. Co); אֵילֵי הָאֶרֶץ Ezk 17,13; 2 Kong 24,15 (Kt אולי); אֵילִים 2 Mos 15,15 (probably plural of III. אַיִל, q. v.) These readings are uncertain because of an effort to distinguish these forms from the divine name. אֵל גִּבּוֺר mighty hero (as above) ordivine hero (as reflecting the divine majesty) Es 9,6.
3. gods of the nations, אֵל אֵלִים God of gods, supreme God Dan 11,36 מִי כָמֹכָה בָּאֵלִם who is like thee among the gods 2 Mos 15,11 idols Es 43,10; Es 44,10; Es 44,15; Es 44,17; Es 46,6 מי אל בשמים what God in heaven 5 Mos 3,24 אֵל אחר another god 2 Mos 34,14 (J); אֵל זר foreign god Sl 44,21; Sl 81,10 אל נכר 5 Mos 32,12; Mal 2,11; Sl 81,10.
6.
\ \ \ (f) below
\ \ \ (f) below
5. as characterizing mighty things in nature, חררי אל mighty mountains Sl 36,7 (literally mountains of El); also Sl 50,10 Ol Bi Che see below II. אלף; ארזי אל mighty cedars Sl 80,11 כוכבי אל lofty stars Es 14,13.
6. God217, the one only and true God of Israel:
\ \ \ (a) הָאֵל the God, the true God 1 Mos 31,13; 1 Mos 35,1; 1 Mos 35,3; 1 Mos 46,3 (E) 2 Sam 22,31; 2 Sam 22,33; 2 Sam 22,48 (= Sl 18,31; Sl 18,33; Sl 18,48) Sl 68,20; Sl 68,21; Sl 77,15 הָאֵל הַנֶּאֱמָן the faithful God 5 Mos 7,9 האל הגדול the great God 5 Mos 10,17 = Jer 32,18; Dan 9,4; Neh 1,5; Neh 9,32 האל הקדשׁ the holy God Es 5,17 האל יהוה the God Yahweh Es 42,5; Sl 85,9.
\ \ \ (b) אֵלִי my God 2 Mos 15,2 (poetry) Sl 18,3; Sl 22,2 (twice in verse); Sl 22,11; Sl 63,2; Sl 68,25; Sl 89,27; Sl 102,25; Sl 118,28; Sl 140,7; Es 44,17.
\ \ \ (c) construct אל בית אל the God of Bethel, who had his seat there 1 Mos 35,7 (E); אל אביך God of thy fathers 1 Mos 49,25 (poetry); אל ישראל Sl 68,36 אל יעקב Sl 146,5 אל השמים the God of heaven Sl 136,26 אל סלעי the God who is my rock Sl 42,10 אל שמחת גילי the God who is the joy of my exultation Sl 43,4 אֵל רֳאִי the God who lets himself be seen 1 Mos 16,13 (J); אל הכבוד the God of glory Sl 29,3 אל דעות the all-knowing God 1 Sam 2,3 (poetry); אֵל עוֺלָם the everlasting God 1 Mos 21,33 (J); אל ישועתי Es 12,2 אל חַיָּ֑י Sl 42,9 אל אמת Sl 31,6 = אל אֱמוּנָה 5 Mos 32,4 (poetry); אל נקמות Sl 94,1 (twice in verse); אל גְּמֻלוֺת Jer 51,56.
\ \ \ (d) אל אֶחָד one God Mal 2,10 אל גדול a great God 5 Mos 7,21; Sl 77,14; Sl 95,3 אל מסתתר a God hiding himself Es 45,15 אל רחום a compassionate God 2 Mos 34,6 (J) 5 Mos 4,31; Sl 86,15 אל נשא a forgiving God Sl 99,8 אל חַנּוּן a gracious God Neh 9,31; Jon 4,2 אל קנא a jealous God 2 Mos 20,5; 2 Mos 34,14 (J) 5 Mos 4,24; 5 Mos 5,9; 5 Mos 6,15; Jos 24,19 (D) = אל קנוא Nah 1,2 אֵל חי a living God Jos 3,10 (J) Hos 2,1; Sl 42,3; Sl 84,3 אל צדיק Es 45,21 לא אֵל חפץ רשע Sl 5,5 לא אֵל 5 Mos 32,21 (poetry) Es 31,3; Ezk 28,2 (twice in verse); Ezk 28,9 מי אל כמוךָ Mik 7,18 (compare 2 Mos 15,11).
\ \ \ (e) God (the only true God, needing no article or predicate to define him) 4 Mos 12,13 (E read אַל Di) always in poetry, Job 5,8 + (55 t. Job), Sl 7,12; Sl 10,11; Sl 10,12; Sl 16,1; Sl 17,6; Sl 19,1; Sl 52,3; Sl 52,7; Sl 55,20; Sl 57,3; Sl 73,11; Sl 73,17; Sl 74,8; Sl 77,10; Sl 78,7; Sl 78,8; Sl 78,18; Sl 78,19; Sl 78,34; Sl 78,41; Sl 82,1; Sl 83,2; Sl 90,2; Sl 104,21; Sl 106,14; Sl 106,21; Sl 107,11; Sl 118,27; Sl 139,17; Sl 139,23; Sl 149,6; Sl 150,1; Es 40,18; Es 43,12; Es 45,14; Es 45,20; Es 46,9; Klg 3,41; Hos 11,9; Hos 12,1; Mal 1,9 עִמָּנוּאל God is with us, as name of child in prediction Es 7,14 compare Es 8,8; Es 8,10.
\ \ \ (f) El, a divine name אל אלהי ישראל 1 Mos 33,20 (E); אל אלהי הרוחות 4 Mos 16,22 (P = יהוה אלהי הרוחות 4 Mos 27,16); אל אלהים יהוה Jos 22,22 (P) Sl 50,1. This is probable also in the ancient poems, 4 Mos 23,8; 4 Mos 23,19; 4 Mos 23,22; 4 Mos 23,23; 4 Mos 24,4; 4 Mos 24,8; 4 Mos 24,16; 4 Mos 24,23 (poetry Balaam || שדּי & עליון) 5 Mos 32,18; 5 Mos 33,26 (poetry Moses || צוּר & אֱלֹהֵי קֶדֶם) 2 Sam 22,32; 2 Sam 23,5 (poetry David || צוּר) and in the combinations אל עליון (5 t.; see עליון) & אל שדּי (10 t.; see שַׁדַּי).
\ \ \ (a) הָאֵל the God, the true God 1 Mos 31,13; 1 Mos 35,1; 1 Mos 35,3; 1 Mos 46,3 (E) 2 Sam 22,31; 2 Sam 22,33; 2 Sam 22,48 (= Sl 18,31; Sl 18,33; Sl 18,48) Sl 68,20; Sl 68,21; Sl 77,15 הָאֵל הַנֶּאֱמָן the faithful God 5 Mos 7,9 האל הגדול the great God 5 Mos 10,17 = Jer 32,18; Dan 9,4; Neh 1,5; Neh 9,32 האל הקדשׁ the holy God Es 5,17 האל יהוה the God Yahweh Es 42,5; Sl 85,9.
\ \ \ (b) אֵלִי my God 2 Mos 15,2 (poetry) Sl 18,3; Sl 22,2 (twice in verse); Sl 22,11; Sl 63,2; Sl 68,25; Sl 89,27; Sl 102,25; Sl 118,28; Sl 140,7; Es 44,17.
\ \ \ (c) construct אל בית אל the God of Bethel, who had his seat there 1 Mos 35,7 (E); אל אביך God of thy fathers 1 Mos 49,25 (poetry); אל ישראל Sl 68,36 אל יעקב Sl 146,5 אל השמים the God of heaven Sl 136,26 אל סלעי the God who is my rock Sl 42,10 אל שמחת גילי the God who is the joy of my exultation Sl 43,4 אֵל רֳאִי the God who lets himself be seen 1 Mos 16,13 (J); אל הכבוד the God of glory Sl 29,3 אל דעות the all-knowing God 1 Sam 2,3 (poetry); אֵל עוֺלָם the everlasting God 1 Mos 21,33 (J); אל ישועתי Es 12,2 אל חַיָּ֑י Sl 42,9 אל אמת Sl 31,6 = אל אֱמוּנָה 5 Mos 32,4 (poetry); אל נקמות Sl 94,1 (twice in verse); אל גְּמֻלוֺת Jer 51,56.
\ \ \ (d) אל אֶחָד one God Mal 2,10 אל גדול a great God 5 Mos 7,21; Sl 77,14; Sl 95,3 אל מסתתר a God hiding himself Es 45,15 אל רחום a compassionate God 2 Mos 34,6 (J) 5 Mos 4,31; Sl 86,15 אל נשא a forgiving God Sl 99,8 אל חַנּוּן a gracious God Neh 9,31; Jon 4,2 אל קנא a jealous God 2 Mos 20,5; 2 Mos 34,14 (J) 5 Mos 4,24; 5 Mos 5,9; 5 Mos 6,15; Jos 24,19 (D) = אל קנוא Nah 1,2 אֵל חי a living God Jos 3,10 (J) Hos 2,1; Sl 42,3; Sl 84,3 אל צדיק Es 45,21 לא אֵל חפץ רשע Sl 5,5 לא אֵל 5 Mos 32,21 (poetry) Es 31,3; Ezk 28,2 (twice in verse); Ezk 28,9 מי אל כמוךָ Mik 7,18 (compare 2 Mos 15,11).
\ \ \ (e) God (the only true God, needing no article or predicate to define him) 4 Mos 12,13 (E read אַל Di) always in poetry, Job 5,8 + (55 t. Job), Sl 7,12; Sl 10,11; Sl 10,12; Sl 16,1; Sl 17,6; Sl 19,1; Sl 52,3; Sl 52,7; Sl 55,20; Sl 57,3; Sl 73,11; Sl 73,17; Sl 74,8; Sl 77,10; Sl 78,7; Sl 78,8; Sl 78,18; Sl 78,19; Sl 78,34; Sl 78,41; Sl 82,1; Sl 83,2; Sl 90,2; Sl 104,21; Sl 106,14; Sl 106,21; Sl 107,11; Sl 118,27; Sl 139,17; Sl 139,23; Sl 149,6; Sl 150,1; Es 40,18; Es 43,12; Es 45,14; Es 45,20; Es 46,9; Klg 3,41; Hos 11,9; Hos 12,1; Mal 1,9 עִמָּנוּאל God is with us, as name of child in prediction Es 7,14 compare Es 8,8; Es 8,10.
\ \ \ (f) El, a divine name אל אלהי ישראל 1 Mos 33,20 (E); אל אלהי הרוחות 4 Mos 16,22 (P = יהוה אלהי הרוחות 4 Mos 27,16); אל אלהים יהוה Jos 22,22 (P) Sl 50,1. This is probable also in the ancient poems, 4 Mos 23,8; 4 Mos 23,19; 4 Mos 23,22; 4 Mos 23,23; 4 Mos 24,4; 4 Mos 24,8; 4 Mos 24,16; 4 Mos 24,23 (poetry Balaam || שדּי & עליון) 5 Mos 32,18; 5 Mos 33,26 (poetry Moses || צוּר & אֱלֹהֵי קֶדֶם) 2 Sam 22,32; 2 Sam 23,5 (poetry David || צוּר) and in the combinations אל עליון (5 t.; see עליון) & אל שדּי (10 t.; see שַׁדַּי).
7. אֵל strength, power (on connection with I. אָלָה compare Di 1 Mos 1,1; 1 Mos 31,29) in יֶשׁלְֿאֵל יָדִי it is according to the power of my hand = it is in my power, etc. 1 Mos 31,29 (E; followed by לְ + Infinitive); בִּהְיוֺת לְאֵל יָדְ֯יךָ Ord 3,27 (followed by id.); יֶשׁלְֿאֵל יָדָם Mik 2,1 (absolute); negative וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶ֑ךָ 5 Mos 28,32 (absolute) = thou shalt be powerless, so Neh 5,5.
**See also BrockZAW xxvi (1906). 29 ff. (meaning 'might' very dubious: renders belongs to the god of (my) hand, supposing phrase a survival, with original meaning forgotten, of ancient idea, found also among other nations, of spirits conferring powers upon particular members of body).
Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.