כָּפַר
Engelsk cover over, pacify, make propitiation
I GT 102 gange i den hebraiske tekst (BHSA)
Brown-Driver-Briggs
כִּפֶּר verb Pi`el etc. denominative cover over (figurative), pacify, make propitiation; —
Pi`el Perfect כִּפֶּר 2 Mos 30,10 + 31 t.; 2 masculine singular suffix כִּפַּרְתָּ֑הוּ Ezk 43,20 3 masculine plural יְכַפְּרוּ Ezk 43,26 2 masculine plural כִּפַּרְתֶּם Ezk 45,20 Imperfect יְכַפֵּר 2 Mos 30,10 + 10 t.; יְכַפֶּרֿ 3 Mos 7,7; 4 Mos 5,8 suffix יְכַפְּרֶנָּה Ord 16,14 1 singular אֲכַפֵּר 2 Sam 21,3 אֲכַפְּרָה 1 Mos 32,21; 2 Mos 32,30, etc.; Imperative כַּפֵּר 5 Mos 21,8 + 4 t.; Infinitive כַּפֵּר 2 Mos 30,15 + 28 t.; suffixes כַּפְּרִי Ezk 16,63 כַּפֶּרְךָ 2 Mos 29,36 כַּפְּרָהּ Es 47,11 —
1. cover over, pacify, propitiate; אֲכַפָּרָה פָנָיו בַּמִּנְחָה 1 Mos 32,21 let me cover his face by the present (so that he does not see the offence, i.e. pacify, him; E; RSOTJC, 2d ed., 381 'wipe clean the face,' blackened by displeasure, as the Arabs say 'whiten the face'); לֹא תוּכְלִי כַּפְּרָהּוְתִפֹּל עָלַיִךְ הֹוָה Es 47,11 and disaster will fall upon thee, thou wilt not be able to propitiate it (by payment of a כֹּפֶר, see Es 43,3); pacify the wrath of a king Ord 16,14 (e.g. by a gift).
2. cover over, atone for sin, without sacrifice :
\ \ a. man as subject, בַּמָּה אֲכַפֵּר 2 Sam 21,3, with what shall I cover over (namely, the bloodguiltiness of the house of Saul, says David The answer is by a death penalty of seven sons of the guilty house); חטאתכםבְּעַד 2 Mos 32,30 on behalf of your sins (J E; Moses, by intercession); with על of persons 4 Mos 17,11; 4 Mos 17,12 (P; by incense), 4 Mos 25,13 (P when Phinehas slays the ringleaders).
\ \ b. with God as subject, with accusative of person, cover, i.e. treat as covered, view propitiously, Yahweh's land 5 Mos 32,43 (song); לְ person 5 Mos 21,8 (bloodguiltiness flows away in the stream), Ezk 16,63 בְּעַד of person 2 Kron 30,18 with accusative of the sin Sl 65,4; Sl 78,38, probably also Dan 9,24 ׅ || ( חטאתח֯תם; עַל of sin, Sl 79,9; Jer 18,23 ׅ || ( מחה. It is conceived that God in his sovereignty may himself provide an atonement or covering for men and their sins which could not be provided by men.
\ \ a. man as subject, בַּמָּה אֲכַפֵּר 2 Sam 21,3, with what shall I cover over (namely, the bloodguiltiness of the house of Saul, says David The answer is by a death penalty of seven sons of the guilty house); חטאתכםבְּעַד 2 Mos 32,30 on behalf of your sins (J E; Moses, by intercession); with על of persons 4 Mos 17,11; 4 Mos 17,12 (P; by incense), 4 Mos 25,13 (P when Phinehas slays the ringleaders).
\ \ b. with God as subject, with accusative of person, cover, i.e. treat as covered, view propitiously, Yahweh's land 5 Mos 32,43 (song); לְ person 5 Mos 21,8 (bloodguiltiness flows away in the stream), Ezk 16,63 בְּעַד of person 2 Kron 30,18 with accusative of the sin Sl 65,4; Sl 78,38, probably also Dan 9,24 ׅ || ( חטאתח֯תם; עַל of sin, Sl 79,9; Jer 18,23 ׅ || ( מחה. It is conceived that God in his sovereignty may himself provide an atonement or covering for men and their sins which could not be provided by men.
3. cover over, atone for sin and persons by legal rites, in the codes of H, P, and Ezekiel: absolute הַכֹּהֵן ׳וכ and the priest shall make atonement 3 Mos 16,32
\ \ a. with accusative of sacred places (by the great sin-offering of the day of atonement), 3 Mos 16,20; 3 Mos 16,33 (twice in verse); also Ezk 43,20; Ezk 43,26; Ezk 45,20 (by the blood of the sin-offering || חִטֵּא, טִהַר).
\ \ b. usually c. עַל (I) of things, e.g. of the altar to which the blood of the sin-offering was applied 2 Mos 29,36; 2 Mos 29,37; 2 Mos 30,10; 3 Mos 8,15 ׅ || ( קִדַּשׁ, 3 Mos 16,18 and specifically the horns of the altar 2 Mos 30,10 the holy place of the tabernacle 3 Mos 16,16 (by the great sin-offering, because of ( מִן ׅ the uncleannesses of thechildren of Israel and because of their transgressions); for the leprous house by ceremony of purification 3 Mos 14,53 ׅ || ( טִהַר; for the goat לעזאזל 3 Mos 16,10 (which was presented before Yahweh to consecrate him for the bearing away of the sins of the people). (2) of persons, נפשׁתיכם עלֿ, for your persons, yourselves, e.g. by the payment of atonement-money כֶּסֶף הַכִּפֻּרִים at the census 2 Mos 30,15; 2 Mos 30,16 by the קרבן of the spoils 4 Mos 31,50 by the blood upon the altar 3 Mos 17,11 in the ritual עֲלֵיהֶם, עָלָיו by ministry of priest through the blood of the sin-offering 3 Mos 4,20; 3 Mos 4,31; 3 Mos 8,34; 3 Mos 10,17; 3 Mos 12,7; 3 Mos 12,8; 3 Mos 14,19; 3 Mos 14,31; 3 Mos 16,30; 3 Mos 16,33; 3 Mos 23,28; 4 Mos 8,12; 4 Mos 8,21; 4 Mos 15,25; 4 Mos 15,28 (twice in verse); 4 Mos 28,22; 4 Mos 28,30; 4 Mos 29,5; 2 Kron 29,24; Neh 10,34 of the trespass-offering 3 Mos 5,16; 3 Mos 5,18; 3 Mos 5,26; 3 Mos 7,7; 3 Mos 14,21; 3 Mos 19,22; 4 Mos 5,8 the whole burnt-offering 3 Mos 1,4; 3 Mos 14,20; 3 Mos 16,24 by the oil used in purifying a leper 3 Mos 14,18; 3 Mos 14,29 by the תרומה Ezk 45,15 by the priestly ministry in general 1 Kron 6,34 by the substitution of the Levites for the firstborn 4 Mos 8,19. Underlying all these offerings there is the conception that the persons offering are covered by that which is regarded as sufficient and satisfactory by Yahweh. (The purpose of the covering is stated 3 Mos 16,30 תִּטְהָ֑רוּיְכַפֵּר ׳עֲלֵיכֶם לְטַהֵר אֶתְכֶם מִכֹּל חַטּאֹתֵיכֶם לִפְנֵי י = shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you, from all your sins shall ye be clean before Yahweh, and 4 Mos 8,21 וַיְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם לְטַהֲרָם and (Aaron) made atonement for them to cleanse them.)
\ \ c. the need of the atonement is expressed by מִן:
\ \ a. with accusative of sacred places (by the great sin-offering of the day of atonement), 3 Mos 16,20; 3 Mos 16,33 (twice in verse); also Ezk 43,20; Ezk 43,26; Ezk 45,20 (by the blood of the sin-offering || חִטֵּא, טִהַר).
\ \ b. usually c. עַל (I) of things, e.g. of the altar to which the blood of the sin-offering was applied 2 Mos 29,36; 2 Mos 29,37; 2 Mos 30,10; 3 Mos 8,15 ׅ || ( קִדַּשׁ, 3 Mos 16,18 and specifically the horns of the altar 2 Mos 30,10 the holy place of the tabernacle 3 Mos 16,16 (by the great sin-offering, because of ( מִן ׅ the uncleannesses of thechildren of Israel and because of their transgressions); for the leprous house by ceremony of purification 3 Mos 14,53 ׅ || ( טִהַר; for the goat לעזאזל 3 Mos 16,10 (which was presented before Yahweh to consecrate him for the bearing away of the sins of the people). (2) of persons, נפשׁתיכם עלֿ, for your persons, yourselves, e.g. by the payment of atonement-money כֶּסֶף הַכִּפֻּרִים at the census 2 Mos 30,15; 2 Mos 30,16 by the קרבן of the spoils 4 Mos 31,50 by the blood upon the altar 3 Mos 17,11 in the ritual עֲלֵיהֶם, עָלָיו by ministry of priest through the blood of the sin-offering 3 Mos 4,20; 3 Mos 4,31; 3 Mos 8,34; 3 Mos 10,17; 3 Mos 12,7; 3 Mos 12,8; 3 Mos 14,19; 3 Mos 14,31; 3 Mos 16,30; 3 Mos 16,33; 3 Mos 23,28; 4 Mos 8,12; 4 Mos 8,21; 4 Mos 15,25; 4 Mos 15,28 (twice in verse); 4 Mos 28,22; 4 Mos 28,30; 4 Mos 29,5; 2 Kron 29,24; Neh 10,34 of the trespass-offering 3 Mos 5,16; 3 Mos 5,18; 3 Mos 5,26; 3 Mos 7,7; 3 Mos 14,21; 3 Mos 19,22; 4 Mos 5,8 the whole burnt-offering 3 Mos 1,4; 3 Mos 14,20; 3 Mos 16,24 by the oil used in purifying a leper 3 Mos 14,18; 3 Mos 14,29 by the תרומה Ezk 45,15 by the priestly ministry in general 1 Kron 6,34 by the substitution of the Levites for the firstborn 4 Mos 8,19. Underlying all these offerings there is the conception that the persons offering are covered by that which is regarded as sufficient and satisfactory by Yahweh. (The purpose of the covering is stated 3 Mos 16,30 תִּטְהָ֑רוּיְכַפֵּר ׳עֲלֵיכֶם לְטַהֵר אֶתְכֶם מִכֹּל חַטּאֹתֵיכֶם לִפְנֵי י = shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you, from all your sins shall ye be clean before Yahweh, and 4 Mos 8,21 וַיְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם לְטַהֲרָם and (Aaron) made atonement for them to cleanse them.)
\ \ c. the need of the atonement is expressed by מִן:
**others understand מִן as = away from; compare Di3 Mos 4,26, RiSühne 50 f. מֵחטאתו because of his sin 3 Mos 4,26; 3 Mos 5,6; 3 Mos 5,10; 3 Mos 16,34 מטמאתו 3 Mos 14,19; 3 Mos 16,16 מזוב 3 Mos 15,15; 3 Mos 15,30 מֵאֲשֶׁר חָטָא 4 Mos 6,11 also עַל עַלחַֿטָּאתוֺ on account of his sin 3 Mos 4,35; 3 Mos 5,13; 3 Mos 19,22 עלשֿׁגגתוֺ 3 Mos 5,18.
\ \ d. with בְּ instrumental בְּאֵיל 3 Mos 5,16; 3 Mos 19,22; 4 Mos 5,8 with a trespass-offering 3 Mos 7,7 כִּיהּהַדָּם הוּא בַּנֶּפֶשׁ יְכַפֵּר 3 Mos 17,11 for it is the blood with the living being that covers over (H, see נפשׁ 3 (a); RV by reason of the life after De Di Kn Bähr Kau and most moderns; AV follows ᵐ5 ᵑ9. ᵑ7. so Ges Ew§ 282 a. Anm. 1 : ' for the soul '); with בְּ local בַּקֹּדֶשׁ 3 Mos 6,23; 3 Mos 16,17; 3 Mos 16,27.
\ \ e. with בַּעַד person, on behalf of 3 Mos 9,7 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 16,6; 3 Mos 16,11; 3 Mos 16,17; 3 Mos 16,24 (by Aaron), Ezk 45,17 (by the prince). Pu`al Perfect כֻּפַּר 2 Mos 29,33; Es 28,18 (but read תֻּפַר, — √ I. פרר, — so ᵑ7. Hu We Che SS and others see BrMP 209); Imperfect יְכֻפַּר 4 Mos 35,33 + 3 t.; 3 feminine singular תְּכֻפָּ֑ר Es 6,7 be covered over, atoned for.
\ \ d. with בְּ instrumental בְּאֵיל 3 Mos 5,16; 3 Mos 19,22; 4 Mos 5,8 with a trespass-offering 3 Mos 7,7 כִּיהּהַדָּם הוּא בַּנֶּפֶשׁ יְכַפֵּר 3 Mos 17,11 for it is the blood with the living being that covers over (H, see נפשׁ 3 (a); RV by reason of the life after De Di Kn Bähr Kau and most moderns; AV follows ᵐ5 ᵑ9. ᵑ7. so Ges Ew§ 282 a. Anm. 1 : ' for the soul '); with בְּ local בַּקֹּדֶשׁ 3 Mos 6,23; 3 Mos 16,17; 3 Mos 16,27.
\ \ e. with בַּעַד person, on behalf of 3 Mos 9,7 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 16,6; 3 Mos 16,11; 3 Mos 16,17; 3 Mos 16,24 (by Aaron), Ezk 45,17 (by the prince). Pu`al Perfect כֻּפַּר 2 Mos 29,33; Es 28,18 (but read תֻּפַר, — √ I. פרר, — so ᵑ7. Hu We Che SS and others see BrMP 209); Imperfect יְכֻפַּר 4 Mos 35,33 + 3 t.; 3 feminine singular תְּכֻפָּ֑ר Es 6,7 be covered over, atoned for.
1. apart from the ritual, חטאתך תכפר Es 6,7 thy sin shall be covered over ( || וְסָר עֲוֺנֶךָ; by the touch of the live coal from the altar); לָכֶםאִםיְֿכֻפַּר הֶעָוֺן הַזֶּה Es 22,14 surely this iniquity shall not be covered over; with בְּ instrumental בזאת יכפר עון Es 27,9 by this shall the iniquity of Jacob be covered over (|| הָסר חטאתו namely by the destruction of idolatrous objects); עוןבחסד יאמת יכפר Ord 16,6 by mercy and fidelity iniquity is covered over.
2. with לְ for whom, לארץ לא יכפר לדם 4 Mos 35,33 for the land atonement cannot be made, in view of the blood shed in it, except by the blood of the shedder of blood; in the ritual of P, with בְּ instrumental אֲשֶׁר כֻּפַּר בָּהֶם 2 Mos 29,33 wherewith atonement was made (ram of consecration).
Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְכַּפֵּר 1 Sam 3,14 with בְּ instrumental יִתְכַּפֵּר עֲוֺן בֵּיתעֵֿלִי בְּזֶבַח וּבְמִנְחָה אִםֿ the iniquity of the house of Eli shall not be covered by peace offering or minchah (in other words there was no atonement for it; compare Punic Es 22,14).
Niph`al Perfect וְנִכַּפֵּר לָהֶם הַדָּם 5 Mos 21,8 and the blood shall be covered for them.
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כָּפַר BDB4160
II. [כָּפַר] verb denominative (from II. כֹּפֶר) — Perfect 2 masculine singular וְכָֽפַרְתָּ֫ בַּכֹּפֶד 1 Mos 6,14 and thou shalt pitch it with pitch (P).
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3. Mosebog
Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.