כָּרֻתָה
Engelsk cut off, cut down
Brown-Driver-Briggs
כָּרַת291 verb cut off, cut down (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian karâtu, II. hew off DlHWB 357); —
Qal Perfect ׳כ 1 Mos 15,18 + 19 t.; 2 masculine singular כָּרָ֑תָּ 5 Mos 20,20 1 singular כָּרַתִּי 2 Mos 34,27 + 15 t.; + 8 t. Perfect; Imperfect יִכְרֹת Job 40,28 + 21 t.; 2 masculine singular תִּכְרָתֿ Es 57,8 1 singular אֶכְרוֺת Es 61,8; 1 Sam 11,2 אֶכְרְתָה Es 55,3 3 masculine plural יִכְרֹ֑תוּ Hos 12,2; Sl 83,6 1 plural נִכְרְתָה 1 Mos 26,28; 1 Mos 31,44 suffix נִכְרְתֶנּוּ Jer 11,19 + 31 t. Imperfect Imperative כְּרָתֿ 1 Sam 11,1 כָּרְתָה 2 Sam 3,12 + 4 t. Imperative; Infinitive absolute כָּרֹת Hos 10,4 כָּרוֺת Neh 9,8 construct כְּרֹת Jer 34,8 + 2 t.; כְּרָתֿ Es 44,14 + 2 t.; כְּרוֺת 2 Kron 2,7; 2 Kron 29,10 suffix כָּרְתִי 1 Sam 24,12 Participle active כֹּרֵת 2 Mos 34,10 + 3 t.; + 3 t. Participle active passive כָּרוּת 3 Mos 22,24 construct כְּרוּת 5 Mos 23,2 plural ת[וֺ]כְּרֻת 1 Kong 7,12 + 3 t.; —
1. cut off :
\ \ a. things: with accusative foreskin 2 Mos 4,25 (J); privy member 3 Mos 22,24 (H) 5 Mos 23,2 cluster of grapes 4 Mos 13,23; 4 Mos 13,24 (E); bough of tree Dom 9,48; Dom 9,49 skirt 1 Sam 24,5; 1 Sam 24,6; 1 Sam 24,12 head of man 1 Sam 17,51; 1 Sam 31,9; 1 Sam 2,22 garments 2 Sam 10,4 = 1 Kron 19,4 palms of hands 1 Sam 5,4 sprigs Es 18,5.
\ \ b. persons, with accusative of person מִן location Jer 11,19; Jer 50,16.
\ \ a. things: with accusative foreskin 2 Mos 4,25 (J); privy member 3 Mos 22,24 (H) 5 Mos 23,2 cluster of grapes 4 Mos 13,23; 4 Mos 13,24 (E); bough of tree Dom 9,48; Dom 9,49 skirt 1 Sam 24,5; 1 Sam 24,6; 1 Sam 24,12 head of man 1 Sam 17,51; 1 Sam 31,9; 1 Sam 2,22 garments 2 Sam 10,4 = 1 Kron 19,4 palms of hands 1 Sam 5,4 sprigs Es 18,5.
\ \ b. persons, with accusative of person מִן location Jer 11,19; Jer 50,16.
2. cut down, with accusative tress 5 Mos 19,5; 5 Mos 20,19; 5 Mos 20,20; 2 Kong 19,23 = Es 37,24; Es 44,14; Jer 6,6; Jer 10,3; Jer 22,7; Jer 46,23; Ezk 31,12 asherim 2 Mos 34,13 (J) Dom 6,25; Dom 6,26; Dom 6,30; 1 Kong 15,13 = 2 Kron 15,16; 2 Kong 18,4; 2 Kong 23,14
3. hew, timber 1 Kong 5,20 (twice in verse) = 2 Kron 2,7; 2 Kron 2,15; Es 14,8 כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵצִים hewers of timber 2 Kron 2,9 כְּרֻת(וֺ)ת hewn beams 1 Kong 6,36; 1 Kong 7,2; 1 Kong 7,12
4. בְּרִית ׳כ cut, or make a covenant (because of the cutting up and distribution of the flesh of the victim for eating in the sacrifice of the covenants, see בְּרִית); ׳הָעֵגֶל אֲשֶׁר כ the calf which they cut Jer 34,18 (referring to 1 Mos 15,10); עֲלֵיזֶֿבַח Sl 50,5 absolute 1 Mos 21,27; 1 Mos 21,32; 1 Mos 31,44 (E) 1 Sam 18,3; 1 Kong 5,26; Hos 10,4 with אֶת with 1 Mos 15,18; 2 Mos 34,27; 5 Mos 31,16 (J) 5 Mos 5,3; 5 Mos 28,69 (twice in verse); 5 Mos 29,13; 2 Sam 3,12; 2 Sam 3,13; 2 Sam 3,21; 2 Kong 17,15; 2 Kong 17,35; 2 Kong 17,38; Es 28,15; Jer 11,10; Jer 31,31; Jer 31,32; Jer 31,33; Jer 34,8; Jer 34,13; Ezk 17,13; Zak 11,10; Sl 105,9 = 1 Kron 16,16 with עִם 1 Mos 26,28 (J) 2 Mos 24,8 (E) 5 Mos 4,23; 5 Mos 5,2; 5 Mos 9,9; 5 Mos 29,11; 5 Mos 29,24; 1 Kong 8,21 = 2 Kron 6,11; 2 Kron 23,3; Neh 9,8; Hos 2,20; Hos 12,2; Job 40,28 ׳בְּ omitted 1 Sam 20,16; 1 Sam 22,8; 1 Kong 8,9 = 2 Kron 5,10 with לְ 2 Mos 23,32; 2 Mos 34,12; 2 Mos 34,15; Jos 9,6; Jos 9,7; Jos 9,11; Jos 9,15; Jos 9,16; Jos 24,25 (JE) 5 Mos 7,2; Dom 2,2; 1 Sam 11,1; 2 Sam 5,3; 1 Kong 20,34; 2 Kong 11,4; 1 Kron 11,3; 2 Kron 21,7; 2 Kron 29,10; Ezr 10,3; Es 55,3; Es 61,8; Jer 32,40; Ezk 34,25; Ezk 37,26; Job 31,1; Sl 89,4 ׳בְּ omitted 1 Sam 11,2; 2 Kron 7,18 נֶגֶד 2 Mos 34,10 (J); לִפְנֵי 1 Sam 23,18; 2 Kong 23,3 = 2 Kron 34,31; Jer 34,15; Jer 34,18 בֵּין וּבֵין 2 Kong 11,17; 2 Kron 23,16 with עַל against, Sl 83,6 אֲמָנָה is used for ברית Neh 10,1 and דָּבָר Hag 2,5.
Note. — וַתִּכְרָתלָֿךְ מֵהֶם Es 57,8 is usually rendered as RV made for thee a covenant with them, with ellipsis of ׳בּ as above. But מִן is not used in such a construction. The clause is commonly regarded as corrupt by recent critics. Gr emends עִמָּהֶם for מֵהֶם, this is easiest and gives the usual construction; Du followed by Buhl, reads וַתִּכְרִי after Hos 3,2.
Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִכְרַת Joel 1,5 + 5 t.; נִכְרָ֑ת Joel 1,16 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular נִכְרְתָה 1 Mos 17,14 + 16 t.; נִכְרָ֑תָה Sl 37,38 2 masculine singular נִכְרַתָּ Ob 1,10 + 8 t. Perfect; Imperfect יִכָרֵת 1 Mos 9,11 + 21 t.; יִכָּֽרֶתֿ Ob 1,9 3 masculine plural יִכָּֽרְתוּ Zak 13,8 יִכָּרֵת֑וּן Jos 3,13; Sl 37,9 + 9 t. Imperfect; Infinitive הִכָּרֵת 4 Mos 15,31; Sl 37,34. —
1. be cut off:
\ \ a. of things, forward tongue Ord 10,31 burden from a nail Es 22,25 chariots Zak 9,10 dwelling Sef 3,7.
\ \ b. of persons, the people of the land by a famine (בְּ) 1 Mos 41,36 (E); all flesh by waters of deluge (מִמֵּי) 1 Mos 9,11 (P); the anointed Dan 9,26 enemies Es 11,13; Mik 5,8 the wicked Es 29,20; Hos 8,4; Nah 2,1; Sl 37,9; Sl 37,22; Sl 37,28; Sl 37,34; Sl 37,38; Ord 2,22 others Ob 1,9; Ob 1,10; Sef 1,11; Zak 13,8; Zak 14,2.
\ \ c. in the technical phrases of H and P וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ ההיא that person shall be cut off (by death penalty) מֵעַמֶּיהָ 1 Mos 17,14; 3 Mos 7,20; 3 Mos 7,21; 3 Mos 7,25; 3 Mos 7,27; 4 Mos 9,13; 3 Mos 19,8 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל 2 Mos 12,15; 4 Mos 19,13 מֵעֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 Mos 12,19 מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ 2 Mos 31,14; 4 Mos 15,30 (עַמָּהּ); מִלְּפָנַי 3 Mos 22,3 מִתּוֺךְ הַקָּהָל 4 Mos 19,20 similarly with variation of subject 2 Mos 30,33; 2 Mos 30,38; 3 Mos 17,4; 3 Mos 17,9; 3 Mos 18,29; 3 Mos 20,18; 3 Mos 23,29, and with omission of word with מִן 3 Mos 17,14; 3 Mos 20,17; 4 Mos 15,31 (twice in verse).
\ \ a. of things, forward tongue Ord 10,31 burden from a nail Es 22,25 chariots Zak 9,10 dwelling Sef 3,7.
\ \ b. of persons, the people of the land by a famine (בְּ) 1 Mos 41,36 (E); all flesh by waters of deluge (מִמֵּי) 1 Mos 9,11 (P); the anointed Dan 9,26 enemies Es 11,13; Mik 5,8 the wicked Es 29,20; Hos 8,4; Nah 2,1; Sl 37,9; Sl 37,22; Sl 37,28; Sl 37,34; Sl 37,38; Ord 2,22 others Ob 1,9; Ob 1,10; Sef 1,11; Zak 13,8; Zak 14,2.
\ \ c. in the technical phrases of H and P וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ ההיא that person shall be cut off (by death penalty) מֵעַמֶּיהָ 1 Mos 17,14; 3 Mos 7,20; 3 Mos 7,21; 3 Mos 7,25; 3 Mos 7,27; 4 Mos 9,13; 3 Mos 19,8 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל 2 Mos 12,15; 4 Mos 19,13 מֵעֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 Mos 12,19 מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ 2 Mos 31,14; 4 Mos 15,30 (עַמָּהּ); מִלְּפָנַי 3 Mos 22,3 מִתּוֺךְ הַקָּהָל 4 Mos 19,20 similarly with variation of subject 2 Mos 30,33; 2 Mos 30,38; 3 Mos 17,4; 3 Mos 17,9; 3 Mos 18,29; 3 Mos 20,18; 3 Mos 23,29, and with omission of word with מִן 3 Mos 17,14; 3 Mos 20,17; 4 Mos 15,31 (twice in verse).
2. be cut down, a tree Job 14,7.
3. be chewed between the teeth 4 Mos 11,33 (J).
4. be cut off, in a more general sense, fail: of waters Jos 3,13; Jos 3,16 (JE) Jos 4,7 (twice in verse) (D); new wine Joel 1,5 meat vJoel 1,16 hope Ord 23,18; Ord 24,14 a name Es 48,19; Es 56,5; Rut 4,10 a sign Es 55,13 faithfulness Jer 7,28 אִישׁ ׳לֹא יִכָּרֵת לְ there shall not fail thee a man 1 Kong 2,4; 1 Kong 8,25 = 2 Kron 6,16; 1 Kong 9,5 = 2 Kron 7,18; Jer 33,17; Jer 33,18; Jer 35,19 לא יכרת מן there shall not fail of Jos 9,23 (J) 2 Sam 3,29.
1. be cut off, navel string Ezk 16,4.
2. be cut down, Asherah Dom 6,28.
Hiph`il Perfect הִכְרִית 1 Sam 28,9; 1 Kong 11,16 3 feminine singular הִכְרִיתָה 3 Mos 26,22 1 singular הִכְרַתִּי Jos 23,4 + 32 t.; + 4 t. Perfect; Imperfect יַכְרִית 5 Mos 12,29 + 2 t.; jussive יַכְרֵת Sl 12,4 + 4 t.; 1 singular וָאַכְרִ֫תָה 2 Sam 7,9 1 plural suffix וְנַכְרִיתֶנָּה Jer 48,2 + 9 t. Imperfect; Infinitive הַכְרִית Jer 44,8 + 15 t.; הַכְרִת 1 Sam 20,15 + suffix 2 t. —
1. cut off, flattering lips Sl 12,4.
2. cut off, destroy the life of:
\ \ a. animals with accusative, cattle 3 Mos 26,22 (H); with accusative and מִן frogs 2 Mos 8,5 (J); horses Mik 5,9; Zak 9,10.
\ \ b. of men abs. Sl 109,13, by men, with accusative enemies Dom 4,24; 1 Sam 24,22; 1 Kong 11,16; 1 Kong 14,14; 1 Kong 18,4; 2 Kron 22,7; Es 10,7; Ezk 17,17; Ob 1,14 with accusative and מִן enemies Jos 11,21; Jer 48,2 the wicked Sl 101,8 a clan 4 Mos 4,18 (P); young men by death Jer 9,20 people by the sword Nah 3,15 necromancers 1 Sam 28,9 the name Jos 7,9.
\ \ c. of men, by God with accucusative. (הַ)גּוֺיִם 5 Mos 19,1; Jos 23,4 (D) Sef 3,6 various persons and things Es 48,9; Jer 44,11; Jer 51,62; Ezk 25,16; Ezk 30,15; Zak 9,6 with accusative and מִן Ezk 25,7; Amos 1,5; Amos 1,8; Amos 2,3 מֵאֶרֶץ Nah 2,14; Sl 34,17 = Sl 109,15 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Es 9,13 מִיַּד Mik 5,11 מִפָּנֶיךָ 5 Mos 12,29; 2 Sam 7,9 = 1 Kron 17,8 מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה 1 Sam 20,15; 1 Kong 9,7; Sef 1,3 מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ 3 Mos 17,10; 3 Mos 20,3; 3 Mos 20,5; 3 Mos 20,6 (H); מִתּוֺךְ עַמִּי Ezk 14,8 Ezekiel says also מִן ׳הכ אָ֗֗֗דָם וּבְהֵמָה Ezk 14,13; Ezk 14,17; Ezk 14,19; Ezk 14,21; Ezk 25,13; Ezk 29,8 צדיק ורשׁע Ezk 21,8; Ezk 21,9 עבר ושׁב Ezk 35,7 with accusative and לְ cutt off, to, or from Es 14,22; Jer 44,7; Jer 44,8; Jer 47,4 מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר ׳לְ ׳כ 1 Kong 14,10; 1 Kong 21,21; 2 Kong 9,8 מעם מזבח ׳ל ׳כ 1 Sam 2,33 לָאִישׁ מֵאָֽהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב ׳יַכְרֵת י Mal 2,12 may Yahweh cut off to the man — from the tents of Jacob.
\ \ a. animals with accusative, cattle 3 Mos 26,22 (H); with accusative and מִן frogs 2 Mos 8,5 (J); horses Mik 5,9; Zak 9,10.
\ \ b. of men abs. Sl 109,13, by men, with accusative enemies Dom 4,24; 1 Sam 24,22; 1 Kong 11,16; 1 Kong 14,14; 1 Kong 18,4; 2 Kron 22,7; Es 10,7; Ezk 17,17; Ob 1,14 with accusative and מִן enemies Jos 11,21; Jer 48,2 the wicked Sl 101,8 a clan 4 Mos 4,18 (P); young men by death Jer 9,20 people by the sword Nah 3,15 necromancers 1 Sam 28,9 the name Jos 7,9.
\ \ c. of men, by God with accucusative. (הַ)גּוֺיִם 5 Mos 19,1; Jos 23,4 (D) Sef 3,6 various persons and things Es 48,9; Jer 44,11; Jer 51,62; Ezk 25,16; Ezk 30,15; Zak 9,6 with accusative and מִן Ezk 25,7; Amos 1,5; Amos 1,8; Amos 2,3 מֵאֶרֶץ Nah 2,14; Sl 34,17 = Sl 109,15 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Es 9,13 מִיַּד Mik 5,11 מִפָּנֶיךָ 5 Mos 12,29; 2 Sam 7,9 = 1 Kron 17,8 מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה 1 Sam 20,15; 1 Kong 9,7; Sef 1,3 מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ 3 Mos 17,10; 3 Mos 20,3; 3 Mos 20,5; 3 Mos 20,6 (H); מִתּוֺךְ עַמִּי Ezk 14,8 Ezekiel says also מִן ׳הכ אָ֗֗֗דָם וּבְהֵמָה Ezk 14,13; Ezk 14,17; Ezk 14,19; Ezk 14,21; Ezk 25,13; Ezk 29,8 צדיק ורשׁע Ezk 21,8; Ezk 21,9 עבר ושׁב Ezk 35,7 with accusative and לְ cutt off, to, or from Es 14,22; Jer 44,7; Jer 44,8; Jer 47,4 מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר ׳לְ ׳כ 1 Kong 14,10; 1 Kong 21,21; 2 Kong 9,8 מעם מזבח ׳ל ׳כ 1 Sam 2,33 לָאִישׁ מֵאָֽהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב ׳יַכְרֵת י Mal 2,12 may Yahweh cut off to the man — from the tents of Jacob.
3. cut down, destroy, cities Mik 5,10, sun-pillars 3 Mos 26,30 (H); and other things used in idolartry Nah 1,14; Sef 1,4 מן הארץ Zak 13,2 מִקֶּרֶב Mik 5,12.
4. take away, חֶסֶד מֵעִם kindness from 1 Sam 20,15.
5. permit to perish, מֵהַבְּהֵמָה (some) of the cattle 1 Kong 18,5.
Hoph`al Perfect ׳הָכְרַת מִנְחָה וָנֶסֶךְ מִבֵּית י Joel 1,9.
Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.