כָּשַׁל

Qal Perfect ׳כ Neh 4,4 +, (Hos 5,5b read יִכָּשֵׁל, compare We), כָּֽשְׁלָה Es 3,8; Es 59,14 כָּֽשְׁלוּ Jer 46,6 +, כָּשַׁלְנוּ Es 59,10, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine plural יכשׁ֑ולו Ord 4,16 Kt (but read Hiph`il, q. v., so Qr); יכשׁלו Nah 3,3 Kt (but read Perfect וְכָֽשְׁלוּ so Qr); Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל Es 40,30 (c. Niph`al Imperfect); Participle active כּוֺשֵׁל Es 5,27 + 2 t., כּשֵׁל 2 Kron 28,15 Paslm 2 Kron 105,37 feminine plural כּשְׁלוֺת Es 35,3 —

1. stumble at, over, something, with ב (literally by means of), Nah 3,3, ׳גִּבּוֺר בְּגִבּוֺר כ Jer 46,13 (+ נָפַל), compare 3 Mos 26,37 ׳וּנְעָרִיס בָּעֵץ כ Klg 5,13 i.e. stagger (of toil in captivity); absolute Es 5,27 ׅ || (עָיֵף, כָּֽשְׁלוּ וְנָפָ֑לוּ Jer 46,6, compare ׳הִרְבָּה כּוֺשֵׁ֑ל גַּםנָֿפַל אישׁ וגו vJer 46,16 (strange; Gie following in part ᵐ5 ᵑ6, עֶרְבְּךָ כָּשַׁל וְנָפַל thy mixed people — compare Jer 25,20, etc. — hath stumbled and hath fallen); often figurative of overthrow, throughdivine judgment, with בְּ at, (see above) Jer 6,21, so Es 8,15 (+ נָפַל etc.) according to Ges Hi Bhul Che Di; < בָּם = among them, — Israel and Judah, — as ב in vEs 8,16, so Ew De Du EV; Hos 4,5 (twice in verse); Hos 5,5; Hos 14,2 (בַּעֲוֺנֶָֽךָ, בְּ probably instrumental); absolute of Babylon, under figure of זָדוֺן, ונפל ׳כ Jer 50,32 ונפל ׳כ Paslm Jer 27,2; Es 3,8; Es 31,3 (both || נפל); of אֱמֶת Es 59,14 in metaphor of anxiety, distress Es 59,10, Paslm Es 107,12.

2. totter, of knees, literal מִצּוֺם ׳בִּרְכַּי כ Paslm Es 109,24 my knees totter from fasting; figurative Es 35,3 (|| יָדַיִם רָפוֺת) כּוֺשֵׁל tottering one, literal Job 4,4; 2 Kron 28,15 Paslm 2 Kron 105,37 hence figurative, fail, of strength (כֹּחַ) Neh 4,4 Paslm Neh 31,11 — Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל, see below Niph`al Niph`al Perfect consecutive וְנִכְשַׁל Dan 11,9, וְנִכְשְׁלוּ vDan 11,33, וְנִכְשָׁ֑לוּ vDan 11,14 Imperfect יִכָּשֵׁל Ezk 33,12 + Hos 5,5b (ᵐ5. as v^a, so We; ᵑ0 כָּשַׁל), 2 masculine singular תִּכָּשֵׁל Ord 4,12, בִּכָּֽשְׁלוּ Ord 24,17 (yet see Ges^{«GKC:51»§ 51}, R. 1), בְּהִכָּֽשְׁלָם Dan 11,34 Participle נִכְשָׁל Zak 12,8 plural נִכְשָׁלִים 1 Sam 2,4 —

1. stumble (= Qal) Nah 2,6; Es 63,13; Jer 31,9 usually figurative:
\ \ a. of misfortune Ord 24,17 (|| נפל), negative Ord 4,12.
\ \ b. of divine judgement (with בְּ at) Ord 4,19; Ord 24,16, negative Ezk 33,12 see also Hos 14,10 (בְ location), Jer 20,11; Dan 11,14; Dan 11,35, יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ וְיאֹבְדוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ Sl 9,4 especially = be overthrown, of nations, armies, etc., Hos 5,5 (with בַּעֲוֺנָם, compare Hos 14,2 Qal), Jer 6,15 || נפל, compare Jer 8,12 (|| id.), Dan 11,19 ( + נפל), vDan 11,33 (בְ instrumental), vDan 11,34 vDan 11,41.

2. be tottering, feeble, כָּשׁוֺל יִכָּשֵׁ֑לוּ Es 40,30 (opposed to יַחֲלִיפוּ כֹחַ vEs 40,31); so participle 1 Sam 2,4; Zak 12,8. Pi`el only apparent, תְּכַשְּׁלִי Ezk 36,14, read תְּשַׁכְּלִי with Qr Vrss EV Sm Co Da (see also Hiph`il near the end). Hiph`il Perfect הִכְשִׁיל Klg 1,14 הִכְשַׁלְתֶּם Mal 2,8 Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יַכְשִׁילְךָ 2 Kron 25,8 2 feminine singular תַּכְשִׁלִי Ezk 36,15 (but strike out ᵐ5 Co; read תשׁכלי, as vEzk 36,14 other Vrss Sm Da); 3 masculine plural יַכְשִׁילוּ Ord 4,16 Qr (Kt see below Qal), וַיַּכְשִׁילֻהוּ Paslm Ord 64,9, וַיַּכְשִׁלוּם Jer 18,15 (so ᵑ7; Gie, after ᵐ5. ᵑ6, וַיִּכְשְׁלוּ, [< וַיִּכָּֽשִׁלוּ]); Infinitive construct הַכְשִׁיל 2 Kron 25,8, sf הַכְשִׁילוֺ 2 Kron 28,23 —

1. cause to stumble, figurative:
\ \ a. = bring injury or ruin to, abs Ord 4,16 of punishment Sl 64,9 (indefinite subject; si vera lectio; text probably corrupt, see Che Bae).
\ \ b. = overthrow, of nation, army, etc., 2 Kron 25,8 (followed by לִפְנֵי אוֺיֵב) compare v2 Kron 25,8 (opposed to עזר); cause overthrow 2 Kron 28,23. — On Ezk 36,15 see above
\ \ c. morally, Jer 18,15 (בְּ local), Mal 2,8 (בְּ instrumental).

2. make feeble, weak, הִכְשִׁיל כֹּחִי Klg 1,14 (of God's dealing with Jerusalem) Hoph`al only Participle והיו מֻכְשָׁלִים לְפָנֶיךָ Jer 18,23 either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such (Hi Gf VB), or and let them be ones overthrown before thee (Gie; so Qr according to Gf). So also in Ezk 21,20 according to Co, compare Sm Da (ᵑ0 מִכְשֹׁלִים, see מִכְשׁוֺל).