פָּתַח

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳פ 2 Kong 15,16 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפְתַּח 2 Mos 21,33 +; 3 masculine plural suffix יִפְתָּחוּם Neh 13,19, etc.; Imperative masculine singular פְּתַחִ 2 Kong 13,17 +; feminine singular פִּתְחִיּ Hoj 5,2 masculine plural פִּתְחוּ Jos 10,22 +; Infinitive absolute פָּתֹחַ 5 Mos 15,8 +; construct לִפְתֹח Ezk 21,27 +; Participle active פֹּתֵחַ Dom 3,25 +; pass. פָּתוּחַ Jer 5,16 +, etc.; — open sack, שַׂק, 1 Mos 42,27 (E), אַמְתַּחַת 1 Mos 43,21; 1 Mos 44,11 (J), skin-bottle (נאוד). Dom 4,19, hamper (תֵּדָה) 2 Mos 2,6 (E), pit (בּוֺר) 2 Mos 21,33 (E; i. e. uncover it), mouth (פִּי) of cave Jos 10,22 (JE), grave Ezk 37,12; Ezk 37,13 (to bring forth dead), of. (in figurative) Jer 5,16; Sl 5,10 כְּלִי פָתוּחַ 4 Mos 19,15 (P) open vessel; door (דֶּלֶת; sometimes opposed to סָגַר) Dom 3,25 + vDom 3,25 (object omitted), Dom 19,27; 1 Sam 3,15; 2 Kong 9,3; 2 Kong 9,10; 2 Kron 29,3; Job 31,32 (c.ל person); figurative of Leb. Zak 11,1 דַּלתֵי שָׁמַיִם Sl 78,23 (of ׳י, sending rain); ׳ד = city-gates Neh 13,19; Es 45,1(|| שְׁעָרִים; ׳י subject, with לפְנֵי); ׳ד omitted Hoj 5,2; Hoj 5,5; Hoj 5,6 gate (שַׁעַר), of land Nah 3,13 (Infinitive absolute + Imperfect Niph`al q. v.), compare Ezk 25,9, שׁער of temple (- court) Ezk 46,12 (with ל, person), Sl 118,19 (id.), city Es 26,2, object omitted 5 Mos 20,11; 2 Kong 15,16 window, חַלּוֺן, 2 Kong 13,17 (twice in verse),אֲרֻבּוֺת הַשָׁמַיִם (by ׳י sending rain) 1 Mos 8,6(J), Mal 3,10 city Jer 13,19, עִיר פְּתוּחָה Jos 8,17 (JE); absolute וְלאֹ סגר ׳פ Es 22,22 (twice in verse); — Es 14,17 is dubious, Gr Perles<sup>Anal. 28. 42</sup> Kit (in Di) read ׳לַאֲסִירָיו לאֹפֿ בֵּיתהַֿכֶּלֶא; > Bu Che Marti אֲסִירָיו לאֹ פִּתַּח אִישׁ לְבֵיתוֺ; storehouse, armoury 1 Mos 41,56; Jer 50,25 (of ׳י), Jer 50,26 (for destruction), figurative of sky, for rain 5 Mos 28,12 (with ל person; of ׳י ), compare open בָּ֑ר, expose for sale, Amos 8,5 open womb, i.e. grant offspring 1 Mos 29,31; 1 Mos 30,22 (J); open mouth (פֶּה) to cry, speak Ezk 21,27; Job 3,1; Dan 10,16, hence = speak Es 53,7 (twice in verse); Job 33,2; Sl 39,10; Sl 78,2 (בְּמָשָׁל), Sl 109,2 (with עַל person), Ord 24,7; Ord 31,8 (with ל person), vOrd 31,9 vOrd 31,26 (בְּחָכְמָה); Sl 49,5 either utter, declare, propound riddle, or open up, expound; have power of speech Sl 38,14 of ׳י giving power of (prophetic) speech Ezk 3,27; Ezk 33,22, giving speech to ass 4 Mos 22,28 (J); open mouth, to eat Ezk 3,2, of earth, to swallow up, 4 Mos 16,32: 4 Mos 26,10, compare (פֶּה omitted) Sl 106,17 open lips, to speak Job 11,5 (with עִם person), Job 32,20 (Gi vJob 32,21); of ׳י opening man's lips Sl 51,17, man's ear Es 50,5 (Assyrian uznâ puttû); of eyes only passive participle, with אֶל 1 Kong 8,29 = 2 Kron 6,20; 1 Kong 8,52; Neh 1,6, with ל 2 Kron 6,40 (by zeugma), 2 Kron 7,15 (all of ׳י's favour); open hand, in giving 5 Mos 15,8; 5 Mos 15,11 (c, ל person, + infinitive absolute), of ׳י Sl 104,28; Sl 145,16 book Neh 8,5 (twice in verse), letter Neh 6,5 open river (channel) Es 41,18 (of ׳י), rock, letting out water, Sl 105,41 (id.); open sword, = draw it Ezk 21,33; Sl 37,14 of root שָׁרְשִׁי פָתוּחַ אֱלֵימָֿ֑יִם Job 29,19, i.e. with no obstacle intervening. — תִּפְתַּח אֶרֶץ Es 45,8 is dubious; verb not elsewhere intransitive; Du Che<sup>Hpt</sup> Marti proposes רַחְמָהּ as object; Gr Kit (in Di) read תִּפָּתַח. Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִפְתַּח Es 5,27, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפָּתַח Ezk 24,27, יִפָּתֵ֑חַ Ezk 44,2 +, etc.; Infinitive construct הִפָּתֵחַ Es 51,14 Participle נִפְתָּח Zak 13,1 — be opend, of girdle Es 5,27 (i.e. loosened), compare of captive Es 51,14, and, of calamity, Jer 1,14 be let loose (with עַל person); gates Nah 2,7; Nah 3,13 (of land, thrown open to (ל) enemy), Ezk 44,2; Ezk 46,1 (twice in verse); Neh 7,3 impersonal of man shut in by God Job 12,14 of windows of heaven 1 Mos 7,11 (P), compare Es 24,18 (of future destruction); the heavens themselves Ezk 1,1(for visions); fountain Zak 13,1 wine (-skin, with negative) Job 32,19 mouth, in speech Job 24,27; Job 33,22 ears Es 35,5. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular פִּתַּח Job 30,11 +, פִּתֵּ֑חַ Job 12,18 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְפַתַּח; Es 28,24, 1 singular אֲפַתֵּחַ Es 45,1, etc.; — Infinitive abs פַּתֵּחַ Es 58,6 construct, id. Sl 102,21 Participle מְפַתֵּ֑חַ 1 Kong 20,11 — loose:

1. free, i.e. ungird, camels 1 Mos 24,32 (J): loins of kings Es 45,1 (i.e. disarm them); set free, with suffix person Sl 105,20; Jer 40,4 (with מִן); with accusative בְּנֵי תְמוּתָה Sl 102,21.

2. loosen (and remove) sack-cloth Es 20,2 (c.מֵעַל ), Sl 30,12 armour 1 Kong 20,11 (object omitted; opposed to חָגַר); bonds Job 12,18; Sl 116,16, compare Es 58,6; Job 39,5 cord Job 30,11; Job 38,11 loosen ground Es 28,24 (in tillage; compare Vogelst^{Land wrirthschaft 38}, Assyrian puttû).

3. open gates Es 60,11, doors Job 41,6 (figurative of crocodile's jaws); ear Es 48,8 (read probably either פִּתַּחְתִּי, פָּתַחְתִּי [ᵐ5 Du Marti], or נִפְתְּחָה [Gr Che Kit in Di]; buds Hoj 7,13 (of blossom; object omitted; or intransitive, as sometimes Arabic see Dozy). Hithpa`el Imperative masculine plural התפתחו Es 52,2 Kt < Qr feminine singular הִתְפַּתְּחִי (so ᵐ5; of personified Jerusalem) loosen thee (Ges^{«GKC:54f»§ 54f}) the fetters of thy neck.