עֵבֶר

1. region across or beyond anything (usually wady, river, or sea), mostly with preposition:בְּעֵבֶר אַרְנוֺן 4 Mos 21,13 (JE) Dom 11,18, compare Jer 25,22 הַיָּם ׳אֶלעֿ 5 Mos 30,13 b, מַעֵבֶר לַיָּם v5 Mos 30,13 a beyond the sea; לְנַהֲרֵיכֿוּשׁ ׳מֵע Es 18,1, compare ׳עַדמֵֿע 1 Kong 4,12 (מִן on the side of, on, see מִן 1 c; so usually with ׳ע); but also (rarely) ׳מֵע from the other side of Sef 3,10; Job 1,19; 2 Kron 20,2 absolute ׳הַע 1 Sam 26,13 to the other side (that is, of a ravine; after וַיַּעֲבֹר); בְּעֵבֶר הָעֵמֶק 1 Sam 31,7, read perhaps ׳בְּעָרֵי הָע, so Klo Bu HPS; בְּעֶבְרֵי פִיפָֿ֑חַת Jer 48,28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is dubious; Gie proposes בְּחֹרֵי כֵפֵי בַתֹּת in the rock-holes of the precipices; especially (chiefly Hexateuch, 37 t.) הַיַּרְדֵּן ׳ע (30 t.), or (less often, Jos 13,32 + 13 t.), לַיַּרְדֵּן, לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֺ (only with ׳מֵע), of either east Jordan (36 t.) or west Jordan land (9 t.) according to standpoint of speaker or writer: A. east Jordan (from standpoint of writer) 1 Mos 50,10; 1 Mos 50,11 (J) Jos 17,5 (JE) 5 Mos 1,1; 5 Mos 1,5; 5 Mos 4,41; 5 Mos 4,46; 5 Mos 4,47; 5 Mos 4,49; Jos 1,14; Jos 12,1; Jos 13,8 (D), 4 Mos 22,1; 4 Mos 32,19; 4 Mos 34,15; Jos 13,27; Jos 13,32; Jos 14,3; Jos 20,8 (P), Dom 7,25; Dom 10,8; 1 Sam 31,7; Es 8,23; 1 Kron 6,63; 1 Kron 12,37 from standpoint of speaker, Jos 7,7 (JE), Jos 24,8 (E), Jos 1,15; Jos 2,10; Jos 9,10; Jos 18,7; Jos 22,4 (D), Dom 5,17 in 4 Mos 35,14 (Moses speaks) it is land opposed to to Can., compare 4 Mos 32,32 in 5 Mos 3,8 (Moses speaks) writer (D) ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (often further topographical note is added, e.g. מִזְרָ֫חָה 5 Mos 4,49 +, מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Jos 1,15 +, etc.); ׳אֶלעֵֿבֶר בְּנֵי יִשְׂר Jos 22,11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel apparently also refers to east side (see Steuern on text). B. West Jordan (9 t.), from standpoint of speaker 5 Mos 3,20; 5 Mos 3,25 (Moses), also 5 Mos 11,30 (but here + מְכוֺא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, and in all following some special designation of West), + יָ֫מָּה Jos 5,1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed), Jos 12,7 (opposite East vJos 12,1–6), Jos 22,7 (id.; Kt מעבר, Qr בְּעֵבֶר), compare Jos 9,1 (as Jos 5,1); + וָהָ֑לְאָה 4 Mos 32,19 a (opposite East v^b); in 1 Kron 26,30 מַעֲרָ֑בָה ׳לַיַּר ׳מֵע ׳ע seems = side (see below). Also הַנָּהָר ׳בְּע beyond the river (Euphrates) Jos 24,2; Jos 24,14; Jos 24,15 (E; Kt Qr ׳מֵע), ׳מֵע 2 Sam 10,16 = 1 Kron 19,16 beyond, and 1 Kong 14,5 to the other side of (see מִן 1 c); ׳מֵע from beyond the river only Jos 24,3 (E), in all these = beyond the Euphrase eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphrase; so plural ׳בְּעֶבְרֵי הַנּ Es 7,20 possibly also ׳ע alone (si vera lectio) in the difficult passage 4 Mos 24,24 הַנָּהָר ׳ע = region beyond the river (Euphrase) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia) Neh 2,7; Neh 2,9; Neh 3,7; Ezr 8,36 also 1 Kong 5,4 (twice in verse) (written in Babylonian; compare Biblical Aramaic עֲבַר, and Dr^{Intr (6) 504}).

2. (Opposite) side, side: הַלָּז ׳מֵע 1 Sam 14,1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning; מִזֶּה ׳מֵהָע twice, v1 Sam 14,4 = on one side, on the other side, so אֶחָד ׳לְע twice v1 Sam 14,40 even מִשְּׁנֵי עִבְרֵיהֶם 2 Mos 32,15 (E) on their two sides (i.e. of tablets); הָאֵפוֺד בָּ֑יְתָה ׳אֶלעֿ 2 Mos 28,26 (P) toward the inner side of theephod; in 1 Kong 7,20; 1 Kong 7,30 ׳ע apparently = at the side of or opposite, but the architectural details are obscure; מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו מִסָּבִיב 1 Kong 5,4 on all sides of him, round about, מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו Jer 49,32 (read עֶבְרֵיהֶם Vrss Gie) from all sides of them (all directions, = מִכָּלסְֿבִיבָ֑יִךְ vJer 49,5); אֶלעֵֿבֶר פָּנָיו יֵלֵ֑כוּ to the side of their faces (i.e. in front, straight forward) they (always) went Ezk 1,9; Ezk 1,12; Ezk 10,22, compare פָּנֶיהָ ׳עַלעֿ 2 Mos 25,37 to give light upon the space in front of it; אִישׁ לְעֶבְרוֺ תָּעוּ Es 47,15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee). — On 1 Kron 26,30 see above