עִם

1. of fellowship and companionship (Latin cum), as 1 Mos 13,1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, 1 Mos 18,16; 1 Mos 19,30; 1 Mos 24,54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Jos 7,24 al.; + often peculiar to Chronicles, Ezra are clauses introduced by ועמהם ֗֗֗ 1 Kron 12,34; 1 Kron 13,2; 1 Kron 15,8 +, Ezr 8,13; Ezr 8,14 (Aramaic Ezr 5,2) +; so ועמו ֗֗֗ 1 Kron 12,28; 2 Kron 17,14–18; 2 Kron 26,17; Ezr 8,3–12; Ezr 8,33. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: 5 Mos 12,23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Jos 11,21; Dom 16,3; Praed 7,11; 2 Sam 1,24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, 5 Mos 32,14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, v5 Mos 32,14 v5 Mos 32,24 v5 Mos 32,25; Amos 4,10; Es 25,11; Es 34,7; Jer 6,11; Jer 51,40; Nah 3,12; Sl 66,15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, Sl 81,3; Sl 83,8; Sl 87,4; Sl 89,14; Sl 104,25 +, Hoj 1,11; Hoj 4,13 (twice in verse) כפרים עם נרדים, vHoj 4,14 vHoj 4,14; Hoj 5,1 (3 t. in verse). Unusually, Est 9,25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poetic or late uses: Sl 42,9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Sl 89,22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֺן עמו, vSl 89,25 in Job of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, Job 6,4 תִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, Job 17,2 אם לא הֲתֻלִים עמדי, Job 29,6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עִמדי פלגי שׁמן, vJob 29,20 כבודי חָדָשׁ עמדי, 2 Kron 14,5 ואין עמו מלחמה, 2 Kron 16,19 ישׁ עמך מלחמות, 2 Kron 28,10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֺת. Hence, in particular a. of aid, 2 Mos 23,5; 5 Mos 22,4; 1 Kron 12,19 especially of God, 1 Mos 21,22 אלהים עמך, 1 Mos 26,3 ואהיה עמך, v1 Mos 26,33; 1 Mos 31,3; 1 Mos 31,5; 2 Mos 3,12; Jos 1,5; Es 8,10 כי עמנו אל Sl 23,4; Sl 46,8; Sl 46,12; Job 29,5 + often (compare אֵת, 1 Mos 39,2; 1 Mos 39,3; 1 Mos 39,21; 1 Mos 39,23; Es 43,5 +): so הִתְחַזַּק עם 1 Kron 11,10; 2 Kron 16,9; Dan 10,21, עָזַר עם 1 Kron 12,21, כי גם ידם עם דוד 1 Sam 22,17; 2 Sam 3,12; 1 Kron 4,10 (compare 2 Mos 23,1, and II. אֵת 1 a). With the help of (= Greek σύν), 1 Sam 14,45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה, Dan 11,39 (rare).
\ \ b. Of actions done jointly with another, as ירשׁ עם inherit with, 1 Mos 21,10, כרת ברית עם 1 Mos 26,28 + often, חָלַק (חִלֵּק) עם to share with Jos 22,8; Es 53,12 +; compare 5 Mos 10,9 חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִם אֶחָיו, 5 Mos 18,1.
\ \ c. If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁפַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive (see these verbs), 1 Mos 26,20; 1 Mos 30,8; 1 Mos 32,29 בּא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עם to enter into judgment with Es 3,14 +, Job 14,3 (הֵבִיא), עִם ׳רִיב לי Hos 4,1 +; hence, without a verb expressing the idea explicitly, Sl 94,16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers ? v^b Sl 55,19 כי בְרַבִּים היו עמדי for as many are they in combat with me, Job 9,14 אֶבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him, Job 10,17b; Job 16,21 perhaps צָדַק עִם Job 9,2; Job 25,4 (compare 4 b end).
\ \ d. Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another: as עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with 1 Mos 24,12 + often (in 1 person observe that in this phrase עמדי, not עמי, is regul. used, 1 Mos 19,19; 1 Mos 20,13; 1 Mos 40,14; 1 Sam 20,14; 2 Sam 10,2 [|| 1 Kron 19,2 עמי: here only], al.), עשׂה טוב עם 1 Mos 26,29 +, see also 1 Mos 20,9; 1 Mos 31,29; 5 Mos 33,21; Dom 15,3; Job 10,12; Job 13,20; Job 42,8; Sl 86,17 (compare אִתְּכֶם 5 Mos 1,30; 5 Mos 10,21 and Aramaic Dan 3,32), Sl 119,124; Sl 126,2 (1 Sam 12,24), Job 33,29 הֵיטִיד עם 1 Mos 32,10; 1 Mos 32,13 +, הֵרַע עִם 1 Mos 31,7 רָצָה עם be well pleased with Sl 50,18; Job 34,9 דִּבֶּר עם to speak with (subject usually God) 2 Mos 19,9 + (see דִּבֶּר 3 e), hence דָּבָר עִם Dom 18,7; Dom 18,28; 2 Sam 3,17; 1 Kong 1,7; Job 15,11 דָּבָר לָאַט עמך a word (spoken) gently with thee, compare Job 11,5 ויפתח שׂפתיו עמך; יֵאָמֵן עם 2 Kron 1,9: and with adjectives תמים עם perfect with (i.e. toward) 5 Mos 18,13; Sl 18,24, שָׁלֵם עם 1 Kong 8,61 +; compare וְלִבָּם לֹא נָכוֺן עִמּוֺ Sl 78,37, 2 Sam 21,4; 2 Sam 23,5; 1 Kong 3,6 (עמך), Mik 6,8 הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִם אֱלֱהָיו, Sl 73,22 toward thee, 1 Kron 19,6; Hos 12,1 (?); also הָלַךְ קְרִי עִם 3 Mos 26,21ff. (7 t.), מַמְרִים הֱיִיתֶם עם 5 Mos 9,7; 5 Mos 9,24; 5 Mos 31,27; 2 Kron 16,10; 2 Kron 26,19; Sl 85,5; Job 10,17 a.
\ \ e. Of a common lot, 1 Mos 18,23 האף תספה צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked, v1 Mos 18,25; Job 3,14; Job 3,15; Es 38,11; Sl 26,9 אל תאסף עם חטּאים נפשׁי, v^b Sl 28,3 (twice in verse), Sl 69,29; Job 30,1; 1 Kron 24,5 hence like, Sl 73,5 ועם אדם לא יְנֻנָּ֑עוּ with (i.e. like) men (in general), Sl 106,6 חטאנו עם אבותינו, Praed 2,16 ואיך ימות הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל i.e. like the fool. feminine Of equality or resemblance generally (poetry), Job 9,26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֺת אֵבֶה they pass by with, i.e. as swiftly as, skiffs of reed, Job 37,18 תרקיע עמו שׁחקים i.e. like him, Job 40,15 אשׁר עשׂיתי עמך; so נִמְשַׁל עִם Sl 28,1; Sl 143,7, נֶחְשַׁב עִם Sl 88,5.
\ \ g. Of time, = as long as, Sl 72,5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth (compare Aramaic Dan 3,33; Dan 4,31 also see Amos. i. 15, 16 cum sole et luna semper Aratus erit); at the time of (?) 2 Kron 21,19 (but read perhaps מֵחָלְיוֺ); and with infinitive (late), Ezr 1,11 עִם הֵעָלוֺת הַגּוֺלָה (compare ἅμα τῷ followed by infinitive Dom 3,21; Dom 9,33 also עִם Praed 40,14).

2. Of a locality, close to, beside: 1 Mos 25,11 וישׁב יצחק עם נאר לחי ראי beside the well of, etc., 1 Mos 35,4 תַּחַת הָאֵלָה אשׁר עם שׁכם (so, after אשׁר, Jos 7,2; Dom 9,6; Dom 18,22; 2 Sam 13,23), Jos 19,46 (?), Dom 18,3 הֵמָּה עִם בֵּית מִיכָה (so Dom 19,11; 2 Sam 20,8), 1 Sam 10,2; 2 Sam 6,7 וַיָּ֫מָת ׳שָׁם עִם אֲרוֺן הא, 2 Sam 19,38; 2 Sam 24,16; 1 Kong 1,9; 1 Kron 13,14 by the house of O., in its own house (see Be), 1 Kron 21,15 (2 Sam 24,16), 2 Sam 26,16 (compare אֵת

2.). By a person, 5 Mos 5,28 וְאַתָּה עֲמֹד פֹּה עמדי by me, 1 Sam 1,26 הַנִּצֶּבֶת עִמְּכָה +; of one living near another, 2 Mos 22,24; 3 Mos 25,35; 3 Mos 25,36; 3 Mos 25,39; 3 Mos 25,47.

3. Of persons, עִם is specifically
\ \ a. in the house or family or service of (apud, chez): 1 Mos 23,4 גֵּר וְתוֺשָׁב עמך (figurative of ׳י 3 Mos 25,23; Sl 39,13), 1 Mos 27,44; 1 Mos 29,14 וַיֵשֶׁב עִמּוֺ, v1 Mos 29,25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee (so v1 Mos 29,30, compare 5 Mos 15,16), 1 Mos 31,38; 3 Mos 25,6; 3 Mos 25,40 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 25,50; 3 Mos 25,53; 5 Mos 22,2; 5 Mos 23,17; Dom 17,10; 2 Sam 19,34; 1 Kong 11,22 compare 1 Sam 2,21 ׳עם י i.e. at his sanctuary.
\ \ b. In the possession of (Latin penes): 1 Mos 24,25 straw, etc., is עִמָּנוּ, 1 Mos 31,32; 5 Mos 17,19 והיתה עמו with him, at his side, 5 Mos 29,16; Job 28,14 וְיָם אָמַר אֵין עִמָּדִי; = stored up with, 5 Mos 32,34 כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי Job 27,13 (but read here probably מֵאֵל; compare Job 20,29); of ethical or mental attributes, 1 Sam 25,25 וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֺ, Job 12,13 עִמּוֺ חָנְמָה וּגְבוּרָה, vJob 12,16; Job 25,2; Sl 130,7; 2 Kron 19,3; 2 Kron 19,7. compare figurative Sl 36,10 כי עמך מְקוֺר חַיִּים.
\ \ c. In the custody or care of, 1 Sam 9,23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּ֑ךְ; 1 Sam 22,23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי: compare Job 17,3 עָרְבֵנִי עִמָּ֑ךְ be surety for me with thyself.
\ \ d. Beside = except, 5 Mos 32,39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי, Sl 73,25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not (in aught that is) upon earth (al. in comparison of thee, 1 f), 2 Kron 14,10 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לַעֲזֹר there is none beside thee to help, 2 Kron 20,6 perhaps Hos 9,8 (Hi Ke; but very dubious, see Commentaries). compare אֵת 1 b.
\ \ e. With = friendly with, 1 Mos 31,2 כי איננו עמי (synonym v1 Mos 31,5 אֶל towards), 2 Kong 10,15 לְבָבִי עִם לְבָֽבְךָ, Ord 23,7 וְלִבּוֺ בַל עִמָּ֑ךְ.

4. Idiomatic of a thought or purpose present with one: —
\ \ a. ׳עִם לְבַב פ, especially in Deuteronomy and the later Deuteronomic style, 5 Mos 8,5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart, 5 Mos 15,9 פן יהיה דבר עם לבבך בליעל a wicked thought with thy heart, Jos 14,7 I brought back word כָאשׁר עם לבבי ׳היה עם לְבַב פ, especially of a purpose, 1 Kong 8,17 ויהי עם ׳לבב דוד לִבְנוֺת וגו i.e. it was David's purpose to build, etc., v1 Kong 8,18 v1 Kong 8,18; 1 Kong 10,2 (= 2 Kron 6,7; 2 Kron 6,8 (twice in verse); 2 Kron 9,1), 1 Kron 22,7; 1 Kron 28,2 (both based on 1 Kong 8,17, etc.), 2 Kron 1,11; 2 Kron 24,4; 2 Kron 29,10 rather differently, to muse or talk with one's heart, Sl 77,7; Praed 1,16.
\ \ b. עִם alone, = in one's consciousness, whether of knowledge or memory or purpose (compare אֵת 3 b; W^{AG ii. § 66}): 4 Mos 14,24 עֵקֶב הָֽיְתָה רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֺ i.e. operating in his mind, 1 Kong 11,11 יען אשׁר היתה זאת עמך, 1 Kron 28,12 the pattern of all אשׁר היה בָרוּחַ עמו that was in spirit (i.e. mentally) with him, Sl 50,11 וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי is with me (i.e. is known to me; || ידעתי), probably also Sl 73,23; Sl 139,18 (= in thy thought and care); Job 9,35 לא כן אנכי עמדי not so am I with myself (my consciousness — or conscience — does not tell me that I need dread him), Job 10,13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך i.e. that this was thy purpose (|| אֵלֶּה צָפַנְתָּ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ), Job 15,9 ולא עמנו הוא and is not with us (= in our knowledge; || וְלֹא נֵדָ֑ע), Job 23,10 כי ידע דרך עמדי the way of which I am conscious (De; Ew Di the way attending me, my usual way), vJob 23,14 וְכָהֵנָּה רַבּוֺת עמו i.e. he has many such purposes, Job 27,11 אֲשֶׁד עִם שַׁדָּי לֹא אֲכַחֵד i.e. his purposes or principles of action. Also sometimes in the judgment or estimation of, 1 Sam 2,26 טוֺב עִם, 2 Sam 6,22 נִכְבַּד עִם, perhaps צָדַק עִם Job 9,2; Job 25,4 (Ges Bu; but Ew as 1 c, Hi De beside, in comparison of).

5. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding Neh 5,18 וְעִם זֶה (compare W^{AG ii. § 57}; in Hebrew בְּ is the more usual synonym). — In 1 Sam 16,12 אַדְמֹנִי עִם יְפֵה עֵינַיִם (compare 1 Sam 17,42 עִם יְפֵה מַרְאֶה), if text correct, יפה must be a neuter substantive, with beauty of eyes; but read probably (Gr Bu) עֶלֶם a youth (1 Sam 17,56; 1 Sam 20,22) for עם (see HPS; Che^{Expos. T. x. 521} אַדְמֹנִי עֶצֶם, compare Klg 4,7). מֵעִם₇₂ from with or beside (= παρὰ with a genitive: compare מֵאֵת): hence
\ \ a. after verbs of departing, taking, removing, etc., 1 Mos 13,14 אַחֲרֵי הִפָּרֶדֿ לוֺט מֵעִמּוֺ, 1 Mos 26,16 לֵךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ, 1 Sam 10,2; 1 Sam 10,9; 1 Sam 14,17 מי הלך מעמנו, 2 Sam 1,2; 1 Sam 16,14 סרה מעם שׁאול ׳ורוח י, 1 Sam 18,12; 2 Kong 2,9 בטרם אֶלָּקַח מעמך; 2 Sam 15,28 עַד בּוֺא דָבָר מֵעִמָּכֶם; of heart turning ׳מעם י 5 Mos 29,17; 1 Kong 11,9 after שׁאל to ask, 2 Mos 22,13; 5 Mos 10,12 ׳מה י שֹׁאֵל מֵעִמָּ֑ךְ, 1 Sam 1,17; 1 Sam 20,28 (Niph`al), Es 7,11 +; דרשׁ to require, 5 Mos 18,19; 5 Mos 23,22, 1 Kong 14,5 (to inquire); יצא מֵעִם פרעה from (being) with Phoenician 2 Mos 8,8; 2 Mos 8,25; 2 Mos 8,26; 2 Mos 9,33 +: compare 2 Sam 3,26; 1 Sam 18,13 ויסירהו שׁאול מעמו; and מַעִם פְּנֵי 1 Mos 44,29; Job 1,12. Sq. a word denoting a place, 1 Mos 48,12 וַיּוֺצֵא יוֺסֵָף אֹתָם מֵעִם בִּרְכָּיו, 2 Mos 21,14 מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי (compare 1 Sam 2,33), Dom 9,37 מֵעִם טַבּוּר הארץ, 1 Sam 20,34 מֵעִם הַשֻּׁלְחָן; Job 28,4 מֵעִם גָּר away from, far from (si vera lectio).
\ \ b. 1 Mos 24,27 אשׁר לא עזב חסדו מעם אֲדֹנִי (compare with הכרית 1 Sam 20,15, הסיר 2 Sam 7,15; 1 Kron 17,13 (|| 2 Sam 7,15 מן), הפיר Sl 89,34); Rut 4,10 לאֹיִֿכָּרֵת שֵׁם מֵעִם.
\ \ c. From the possession, or custody, of (compare עִם 3 b, c): so with גזל 1 Mos 31,31, ערב to take in pledge 1 Mos 44,32, גנב 2 Mos 22,11, יצא (subject a slave; compare עם 3 a) 3 Mos 25,41; 5 Mos 15,16 (compare with שִׁלַּח חָפְשִׁי 5 Mos 15,12; 5 Mos 15,13; 5 Mos 15,18; Jer 34,14, הִנָּצֵל 5 Mos 23,16), לקח 2 Sam 3,15, קנה 2 Sam 24,21.
\ \ d. Expressing origination or authorship: 1 Sam 20,7 כִּי כָֽלְתָה הָרָעָה מֵעִמּוֺ, v1 Sam 20,9 v1 Sam 20,33 (compare מֵאֵת Est 7,17); especially of ׳י (compare מֵאֵת c), 1 Mos 41,32 ׳נָכוֺן הַדָּבָר מֵעִם הא is established from, on the part of, God, 1 Kong 2,33 ׳שׁלום ֗֗֗ מעם י, 1 Kong 12,15 (2 Kron 10,15) כִי הָֽיְתָה סִבָּה ׳מעם י, Es 8,18 signs and portents ׳מעם י, Es 28,29 יצאה ׳גם זאת מעם י, Es 29,6; Sl 121,2 ׳עֶזְרִי מעם י Rut 2,12. And of a judgment proceeding from any one: 2 Sam 3,28 ׳נקי מעם י = pronounced guiltness by ׳י, Job 34,33 הֲמֵעִמְּךָ at thy judgment shall he requite ? (compare מִן 2 d end).