אוּרִים

אוּרִים noun masculine Urim (plural intensive, mostly with article the Urim, and mostly joined with תֻּמִּים q. v.) תֻּמֶּיךָ וְאוּרֶיךָ לְאִישׁ הֲסִידֶךָ 5 Mos 33,8 thy Thummim and thy Urim has the man of thy favour, i.e. the Levite tested at Massah & Meribah; הָאוּרִים וְהִתֻּמִּים were put into the חשֶׁן הִמִּשְׁפָּט of the high priest 2 Mos 28,30; 3 Mos 8,8 (P); this חשֶׁן (q. v.) was a little bag or pouch worn on breast of high, priest, to hold the Urim & Thummim; the name הַמִּשְׁפָּט ׳ח was given because of decisions made by that which was within it; thus, Eleazar was to inquire of ׳י for Joshua בְּמִשְׁפַּט הָאוּרִים 4 Mos 27,21 (P); Saul prayed הָבָה אוּרִים opposed to הבה תֻּמִּים, 1 Sam 14,41 ᵐ5, so We Dr (ᵑ0 omits former, and reads תָּמִים in latter); ׳י did not answer Saul בָּאוּרִים or by dreams or prophets 1 Sam 28,6 post-exilic Jews reserved difficult questions until there stood up a priest לְאוּרִים וּלְתֻמִּים Ezr 2,63; Neh 7,65 (here alone without article) These passages give little information; ᵐ5 δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια, ᵑ9 doctrina et veritas, Symm φωτισμοὶ καὶ τελεώτητες; Jos^{Ant. «JOSEPHUS:Antiquities 3:8»iii. 8}. 9 thinks of the twelve gems of face of bag as giving decision by shining; Philo^{Vit. Mos. iii} thinks of two small images (׳א & ׳ת), probably embroidered in the cloth of the bag, like oracle-images of Egypt (Diod^{1,48, 75} Aelian^{Var. Hist.14, 34}); Ew^{Geschichte iii, 309}; Antiq. 295, of two stones of different colours for sacred lot, on this see Dr 1 Sam 14,41 where ᵐ5 אוּרִים & תֻּמִּים as object of give, δος = הָבָה; compare הִפִּילוּ v1 Sam 14,42, וַיִלָּכֵד v1 Sam 14,41 (used of taking by lot 1 Sam 10,20; Es 7,14; Es 7,16); see also We & RS^{OTJC Lect x. N 4}; Bähr^Symbolik, of one thing within bag, a sacred pledge to high priest of the enlightenment & perfection he would receive from ׳י when called to make sacred decisions; Ka^{Ex 544} sees the sacred pledge in the twelve sacred gems themselves, that stimulate priest to self-sacrifice & perfect sanctification.