אֶשְׁדָּת
Engelsk fire
Brown-Driver-Briggs
אֵשׁ377 noun feminine2 Mos 9,23 (masculineJer 48,45; Sl 104,4;
**'masculine' is dubious: 4 Mos 16,18 read עָלֶיהָ for 2nd עֲלֵיהֶם (ᵐ5B); Jer 20,9 see Ges§ 132 d; Jer 48,45 read (many MSS., 4 Mos 21,23) יצאה; Sl 104,4 read perhaps (Ol Du): לֵֹהטָה, or וָלָֽחַט; Job 20,26 see Ges§ 145 u (or 121 b): compare AlbrZAW xvi {1896}. 63. feminine & masculineJer 20,9; Job 20,26) fire (Assyrian išatu COTGloss, Syriac , Ethiopic derivatives from II. אנשׁ, , sociable, friendly element (MV Wetzst in DePsalmen, ed. 4, p. 888 LagBN 68 compare , ), improbable especially in view of Assyrian; daghesh probably secondary; compare also Sta§ 189 b) — ׳א absolute 2 Mos 9,24 +; construct 3 Mos 6,2 + (seldom); suffix אִשּׁוֺ 5 Mos 4,36; Job 18,5 אֶשְׁכֶם Es 50,11 אִשָּׁם Es 66,24 —
1. fire, of conflagration, e.g. in briers, endangering or destroying crops תֵּצֵא אֵשׁ וּמָֽצְאָה קֹצִים 2 Mos 22,5 compare 2 Mos 3,2 הַסְּנֶה בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ (both E); more often of deliberate destruction by fire, especially שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ (בָּ with qam. preton.) object golden calf 2 Mos 32,20 (J), other idols 5 Mos 7,5; 5 Mos 7,25, Asherim 5 Mos 12,3, chariots Jos 11,6; Jos 11,9; 2 Kong 23,1, house Dom 12,1; Dom 14,15, tower Dom 9,52, city-gates Neh 1,3; Neh 2,3; Neh 2,13; Neh 2,17, city Jos 6,24; Dom 18,27 compare Es 1,7 +; also שִׁלַּח אֵשׁ בְּ Amos 1,4; Amos 1,7; Amos 1,10 +; שִׁלַּח אֶתהָֿעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Dom 1,8; Dom 20,48 compare 2 Kong 8,12 הִצִּית אֶתהָֿעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Jos 8,8; Jos 8,19; Jer 17,27 +, compare Dom 9,49; 2 Sam 14,30; 2 Sam 14,31 (of field, compare 2 Mos 22,5 above)
2. of supernatural fire, attending theophany 2 Mos 3,2; 2 Mos 19,18 (both J E) 5 Mos 4,11; 5 Mos 4,12; 5 Mos 4,15; 5 Mos 4,33; 5 Mos 4,36 +; specifically עַמּוּד (הָ)אֵשׁ 2 Mos 13,21; 2 Mos 13,22; 2 Mos 14,24 (all J E) Neh 9,12; Neh 9,19 compare 5 Mos 1,33 (see מַרְאֵהאֵֿשׁ 4 Mos 9,15; 4 Mos 9,16 P); of destructive fire from ׳י 4 Mos 11,1; 4 Mos 11,2; 4 Mos 11,3 (J) 4 Mos 26,10 (P) 3 Mos 10,2 (P); compare אֹכֶלָת ׳א in simile of Yahweh's glory 2 Mos 24,17 (E) 5 Mos 4,24; 5 Mos 9,3 see also 1 Kong 18,24; 1 Kong 18,38; 2 Kong 1,10 (twice in verse); 2 Kong 1,12 (twice in verse); 2 Kong 1,14; Job 1,16 (perhaps lightning intended), compare further of lightning 2 Mos 9,23; 2 Mos 9,24 (JE) Sl 18,13; Sl 18,14; Sl 148,8 etc.
3. fire for cooking, roasting, parching, etc. צְלִי אֵשׁ roasted at a fire 2 Mos 12,8; 2 Mos 12,9 (P) compare 3 Mos 2,14; 2 Kron 35,13; Es 44,16; Es 44,19 of tinder for lighting fire 1 Mos 22,6; 1 Mos 22,7 (E); of fire for melting (gold for the idolatrous calf) 2 Mos 32,24 for refining Jer 6,29, where read with Qr מֵאֵשׁ תַּם עֹפֶרֶת; compare Mal 3,2 (simile of purifying work of messenger of cov't).
4. especially of altar-fire 3 Mos 1,7 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 6,2; 3 Mos 6,3; 3 Mos 6,5; 3 Mos 6,6 +; in offering incense 3 Mos 10,1, also אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire, i.e. an incense not commanded, offered presumptuously 3 Mos 10,1; 4 Mos 3,4; 4 Mos 26,61 fire from ׳י consuming sacrifice (compare 2) 3 Mos 9,24; 2 Kron 7,1; 2 Kron 7,3 of fire in child-sacrifice (usually הֶעֱבִיר בֵּן בָּאֵשׁ (לְׅ) 2 Kong 16,3; 2 Kong 21,6 compare 2 Kong 17,17; 2 Kong 23,10; 2 Kron 33,6 also ׳שׂרף בָּא 2 Kong 17,31, ׳בער בָּא 2 Kron 28,3.
5. figurative of Yahweh's anger Sl 89,47 (simile) compare Nah 1,6; Klg 2,4 אֵשׁעֶֿבְרָתִי Ezk 21,36; Ezk 22,31; Ezk 38,19, אֵשׁקִֿנְאָתִי Ezk 36,5 see also Es 66,15; Sl 79,5; Sl 89,47 etc.; of word of ׳י Jer 23,29 figurative of outbursting emotion Sl 39,4 of flagrant wickedness Es 9,17, etc:
6. in various combinations, לַפִּיד אֵשׁ 1 Mos 15,17 (J) a torch of fire (compare Di); לַבַּתאֵֿשׁ 2 Mos 3,2 flame of fire, לַהַב אֵשׁ Joel 2,5, לַפִּידֵי אֵשׁ (in simile) Dan 10,6 compare Zak 12,6, לַהֲבוֺת אֵשׁ Sl 29,7 לַהֲבֵי אֵשׁ Es 66,15 compare לְהָבוֺת ׳א Sl 105,32, לָהָבָה ׳נֹגַהּ א Es 4,5 compare Hos 7,6 שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֺ spark of his fire Job 18,5 compare כִּידוֺדֵי אֵשׁ Job 41,11 תַּנּוּר אֵשׁ Sl 21,10 oven of fire, כִּיּוֺר אֵשׁ Zak 12,6 אוֺר אֵשׁ light of fire Sl 78,14 אֵשׁ לֹהֵט flaming fire Sl 104,4 לְשׁוֺן אֵשׁ Es 5,24 tongue of fire, גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ Ezk 1,13 coals of fire, so Ezk 10,2, compare רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ Hoj 8,6 on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ Ezk 28,14; Ezk 28,16 see אֶבֶן; אֵשׁ דַּת 5 Mos 33,2, literally fire of a law, or fire was a law, but דָּת law is Persian & late; read perhaps דֹת[לַפִּ] אֵשׁ compare 2 Mos 20,18 or דֶת [יֹקֶ] אֵשׁ compare Es 65,5.
Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.