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אֱלֹהִים

ʼĕlôhîym Strong H430 navneord

Engelsk gods, God, angels

I GT 2601 gange i den hebraiske tekst (BHSA)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

אֱלֹהִים2570 noun masculine plural (feminine 1 Kong 11,33 on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֺהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nesl. c,)

1. plural in number.
\ \ a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: האלהים 2 Mos 21,6 (Onk ᵑ6, but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ ᵐ5) 2 Mos 22,7; 2 Mos 22,8 אלהים 2 Mos 22,8; 2 Mos 22,27 (ᵑ7 Ra AE Ew RVm; but gods, ᵐ5 Josephus Philo AV; God, Di RV; all Covt. code of E) compare 1 Sam 2,25 see Dr.; Dom 5,8 (Ew, but gods ᵐ5; God ᵑ6 BarHebr.; יהוה ᵑ9 Be) Sl 82,1; Sl 82,6 (De Ew Pe; but angels Bl Hup) Sl 138,1 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Rab Ki De; but angels ᵐ5 Calv; God, Ew; gods, Hup Pe Che).
\ \ b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Sl 8,6 (De Che Br; but angels ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew; God, RV and most moderns) 1 Mos 1,27 (if with Philo ᵑ7 Jerome De Che we interpret נעשה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38,7).
\ \ c. angels Psalm Job 97,7 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Calv; but gods, Hup De Pe Che); compare בני (ה)אלהים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1,6; Job 2,1; Job 38,7; 1 Mos 6,2; 1 Mos 6,4 (J; so ᵐ5 Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude vJud 1,6; 2 Pet 2,4 JosAnt. «JOSEPHUS:Antiquities 1:3»i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Onk and Rab.; sons of God, the pious, Theod Chrys Jerome Augustine Luther Calv Hengst; ᵐ5L read οἱ υιὁὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ), compare בני אלים.
\ \ d. gods האלהים 2 Mos 18,11; 2 Mos 22,19 (E) 1 Sam 4,8; 2 Kron 2,4; Sl 86,8 אלהי האלהים the God of gods, supreme God 5 Mos 10,17; Sl 136,2 אלהים 2 Mos 32,1; 2 Mos 32,23 (JE) Dom 9,13 אלהים אחרים other gods 2 Mos 20,3; 2 Mos 23,13; Jos 24,2; Jos 24,16 (E) 5 Mos 31,18; 5 Mos 31,20 (JE) 5 Mos 5,7 + (17 t. in D, not P) Dom 2,12; Dom 2,17; Dom 2,19; Dom 10,13; 1 Sam 8,8; 1 Sam 26,19; 1 Kong 9,6; 1 Kong 9,9 (= 2 Kron 7,19; 2 Kron 7,22) 2 Kron 11,4; 2 Kron 11,10; 2 Kron 14,9; 2 Kong 5,17; 2 Kong 17,35; 2 Kong 17,37; 2 Kong 17,38; 2 Kong 22,17 (= 2 Kron 34,25) 2 Kron 28,25; Jer 1,16 + (18 t. Jeremiah) Hos 3,1 אלהי (ה)נכר foreign gods 1 Mos 35,2; 1 Mos 35,4; Jos 24,20; Jos 24,23 (E) 5 Mos 31,16 (JE) Dom 10,16; 1 Sam 7,3; 2 Kron 33,15; Jer 5,19 נחור ׳א 1 Mos 31,53 (E); מצרים ׳א 2 Mos 12,12 (P) Jer 43,12; Jer 43,13 האמרי ׳א Jos 24,15 (E) Dom 6,10 ארם ׳א etc. Dom 10,6 אלהים מעשה ידי 5 Mos 4,28 הגוים ׳א gods of the nations 2 Kong 18,33; 2 Kong 19,12; 5 Mos 29,17; 2 Kron 32,17; 2 Kron 32,19; Es 36,18; Es 37,12 העמים ׳א 5 Mos 6,14; 5 Mos 13,8; Dom 2,12; Sl 96,5; 1 Kron 5,25; 1 Kron 16,26; 2 Kron 32,13; 2 Kron 32,14 כסף ׳א 2 Mos 20,23 (E); זהב ׳א 2 Mos 20,23 (E) 2 Mos 32,31 (JE); מַסֵּכָה ׳א 2 Mos 34,17 (J) 3 Mos 19,4 (H).

2. Plural intensive.
\ \ a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1 Sam 5,7 (Dagon), Dom 11,24 (Chemosh), 1 Kong 18,24 (Baal), Dom 9,27; Dan 1,2 (twice in verse); or construct לעשתרת מואב ׳צדנים לכמוש א ׳א to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 Kong 11,33 הארץ ׳א god of the land 2 Kong 17,26 (twice in verse); 2 Kong 17,27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 Kong 20,28.
\ \ b. godlike one 2 Mos 4,16 (J; Moses in relation to Aaron), 2 Mos 7,1 (P; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 Sam 28,13 (the shade of Samuel), Sl 45,7 (the Messianic king, O God, ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne AE Ki Thea Ew Hup, compare 1 Kron 28,5).
\ \ c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הר אלהים Sl 68,16; Ezk 28,14; Ezk 28,16 אש אלהים Job 1,16 גן (ה)אלהים Ezk 28,13; Ezk 31,8; Ezk 31,9.
\ \ d. God (see 3 & 4).

3. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God, הוא האלהים ׳י Yahweh is (the) God 5 Mos 4,35; 5 Mos 4,39; 5 Mos 7,9; 1 Kong 8,60; 1 Kong 18,39 (twice in verse); 2 Kron 33,13 הוא האלהים Es 45,18 האלהים ׳י Jos 22,34 (P ?) 1 Kong 18,21; 1 Kong 18,24; 2 Kron 32,16 אתה הוא האלהים 2 Sam 7,28; 1 Kong 18,37; 2 Kong 19,15; 1 Kron 17,26; Es 37,16; Neh 9,7 האלהים as subject or object is used in E 33 t., Chronicles 38 t., Praed 31,1–200 t., Jonah 5 t., elsewhere 1 Mos 5,22; 1 Mos 5,24; 1 Mos 6,9; 1 Mos 6,11 (sources of P) 1 Mos 17,18 (P) Jos 22,34 (P ?) 1 Mos 44,16 (J) 5 Mos 4,35; 5 Mos 4,39; 5 Mos 7,9; Dom 6,36; Dom 6,39; Dom 7,14; Dom 10,14; Dom 16,28; Dom 21,2; 1 Sam 10,3; 1 Sam 10,7; 1 Sam 14,36; 2 Sam 2,27; 2 Sam 6,7; 2 Sam 7,28; 2 Sam 12,16; 1 Kong 8,60; 1 Kong 18,21; 1 Kong 18,24 (twice in verse); 1 Kong 18,37; 1 Kong 18,39 (twice in verse); 1 Kong 19,15 (Ephr) Job 2,10; Jer 11,12; Es 37,16; Es 45,18; Sl 108,14; Dan 1,9; Dan 1,17 הקדוש ׳הא ׳י 1 Sam 6,20 הגדול ׳הא ׳י Neh 8,6 אשר ׳בירושלם הא Ezr 1,3 אדני האלהים Dan 9,3 in many phrases, as איש האלהים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: =
\ \ \ (a) angel Dom 13,6; Dom 13,8,
\ \ \ (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 Sam 9,9–10, compare אִישׁ הָרוּחַ Hos 9,7): of Moses 5 Mos 33,1; Jos 14,6 (E) 1 Kron 23,14; 2 Kron 30,16; Ezr 3,2; Sl 90,1 of Samuel 1 Sam 9,6–10 of David 2 Kron 8,14; Neh 12,24; Neh 12,36 Shemaiah 1 Kong 12,22 (= 2 Kron 11,2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 Kong 13,1–31; 1 Kong 17,18–24; 1 Kong 20,28; 2 Kong 1,9–13; 2 Kong 4,7–42; 2 Kong 5,8–20; 2 Kong 6,6–15; 2 Kong 7,2–9; 2 Kong 8,2–11; 2 Kong 13,19; 2 Kong 23,16–17 (Ephr) 2 Kron 25,7; 2 Kron 25,9 unnamed prophet 1 Sam 2,27 Hanan Jer 35,4 a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד האלהים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Kron 6,34; 2 Kron 24,9; Neh 10,30; Dan 9,11. בית האלהים the house of God, Dom 18,31, especially late, Chronicles (52 t.) Praed 4,17; Dan 1,2 ׳בית י ׳הא 1 Kron 22,1 ארון (ברית) האלהים the ark (of the covenant) of God Dom 20,27; 1 Sam 4,1–5,12; 1 Sam 14,1–200; 2 Sam 6,1–7,29; 2 Sam 15,1–200 (23 t.); 1 Kron 13,1–200; 1 Kron 15,1–200; 1 Kron 16,1–200; 2 Kron 1,4 (13 t.); מטה האלהים the rod of God 2 Mos 4,20; 2 Mos 17,9 (E); הר האלהים the mount of God (Horeb) 2 Mos 3,1; 2 Mos 4,27; 2 Mos 18,5; 2 Mos 24,13 (E) 1 Kong 19,8 (Ephr); מלאך האלהים the (theophanic) angel of God 1 Mos 31,11; 2 Mos 14,19 (E) Dom 6,20; Dom 13,6; Dom 13,9; 2 Sam 14,17; 2 Sam 14,20; 2 Sam 19,28 in other combinations 2 Mos 18,16; 4 Mos 23,27 (E) Dom 20,2; 1 Sam 4,8; 1 Sam 5,11; 1 Sam 10,5; 2 Sam 16,23; 1 Kong 12,22; 1 Kron 21,7 + (14 t.) Sl 87,3; Praed 9,1.

4. אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת ׳י = Yahweh is God in truth Jer 10,10.
\ \ a. אלהים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by P (50 t. in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 t.), by E (91 t.), J chiefly in poetic sources 1 Mos 3,1; 1 Mos 3,3; 1 Mos 3,5 (twice in verse); 1 Mos 9,27; 1 Mos 39,9; 5 Mos 32,17; 5 Mos 32,39, by D (11 t.) Judges (21 t.) Samuel (50 t.) Kings (29 t.) Chronicles (45 t.); in Psalm 42-86 (180 t. often by editorial change for an original יהוה), elsewhere Sl 3,3; Sl 5,11; Sl 7,11; Sl 7,12; Sl 9,18; Sl 10,4; Sl 10,13; Sl 14,1; Sl 14,2; Sl 14,5; Sl 25,22; Sl 36,2; Sl 36,8; Sl 77,14; Sl 100,3; Sl 108,2; Sl 108,6; Sl 108,8; Sl 108,12 (twice in verse); Sl 149,9; Job 5,8; Job 20,29; Job 28,23; Job 32,2; Job 34,9 (& in Prologue 6 t.) Ord 2,5; Ord 3,4; Ord 25,2 Ecclesiastes (7 t.) Hosea (5 t.); Amos 4,11 (כמהפכת אלתים את סדם as God overthrew Sodom = Jer 50,40 = Es 13,19) Zak 8,23; Zak 12,8; Mik 3,7 (but אליהם ᵐ5 ᵑ6) Es 35,4 Isa2 (9 t.); Jer 10,10 Ezekiel (13 t.); Malachi (5 t.); Jonah (4 t.); the phrase לאלהים ׳היה ל 1 Mos 28,21 (ER) 1 Mos 17,7; 1 Mos 17,8; 2 Mos 6,7; 2 Mos 29,45; 3 Mos 11,45; 3 Mos 22,33; 3 Mos 25,38; 3 Mos 26,12; 3 Mos 26,45; 4 Mos 15,41 (P); 5 Mos 26,17; 5 Mos 29,13; 2 Sam 7,24 (= 1 Kron 17,22); Zak 8,8 Jeremiah (6 t.); Ezekiel (6 t.); אלהים צדיק righteous God Sl 7,10 קדשים ׳א holy God Jos 24,19 (E); חיים ׳א living God 5 Mos 5,23; 1 Sam 17,26; 1 Sam 17,36; Jer 10,10; Jer 23,36 חי ׳א 2 Kong 19,4; 2 Kong 19,16 (= Es 37,4; Es 37,17). For the phrases ׳יהוה א, צבאות ׳א ׳י, צבאות ׳א, ׳י ׳אל א, ׳יה א, ׳צבאות א ׳י, אלתי ׳י, צבאות, ׳אדני א see יהוה, יה, צבאות & אדני.
\ \ b. construct אֱלֹהֵי
\ \ \ (a) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of J, 1 Mos 26,24; 1 Mos 28,13; 1 Mos 31,53, elsewhere Sl 47,10; 1 Kong 18,36; 1 Kron 29,18; 2 Kron 30,6 אדני אברהם ׳א 1 Mos 24,12; 1 Mos 24,27; 1 Mos 24,42; 1 Mos 24,48 (J); אלהי אב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of E, 1 Mos 31,5; 1 Mos 31,29; 1 Mos 31,42; 1 Mos 46,3; 1 Mos 50,17; 2 Mos 3,6; 2 Mos 3,13; 2 Mos 3,15; 2 Mos 3,16; 2 Mos 15,2; 2 Mos 18,4; Jos 18,3, elsewhere 1 Mos 32,10; 1 Mos 43,23 (J) 2 Mos 4,5 (J ?) Deuteronomy (8 t.); Dom 2,12; 2 Kong 21,22 Chronicles (31 t.); Dan 11,37 אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of E, 1 Mos 33,20; 2 Mos 5,1; 2 Mos 24,10; 2 Mos 32,27; Jos 8,30; Jos 14,14; Jos 22,16; Jos 24,2; Jos 24,23, elsewhere 2 Mos 34,23; Jos 7,13; Jos 7,19; Jos 7,20 (JE) 4 Mos 16,9; Jos 9,18; Jos 9,19; Jos 22,24; Jos 10,40; Jos 10,42; Jos 13,14; Jos 13,33 (R see Di Jos 7,13) Dom 4,6; Dom 5,3; Dom 5,5; Dom 6,8; Dom 11,21; Dom 11,23; Dom 21,3; 1 Sam 1,17 + (20 t.) Kings (26 t.) Chronicles (45 t.); Sl 41,14; Sl 106,48 (doxology) Sl 59,6; Sl 69,7; Es 17,6; Es 21,10; Es 21,17; Es 29,23 Isa3, Es 24,15; Es 37,16; Es 37,21 Isa2, Es 41,17 + (6 t.); Jer 35,17 + (48 t.); Ezk 8,4 + (7 t.); Sef 2,9; Mal 2,16; Rut 2,12 מערכות ישראל ׳א God of the battle array of Israel 1 Sam 17,45 ׳א יַעֲקֹב 2 Sam 23,1 (poetry) Sl 20,2; Sl 46,8; Sl 46,12; Sl 75,10; Sl 76,7; Sl 81,2; Sl 81,5; Sl 84,9; Sl 94,7; Es 2,3 (= Mik 4,2); העבריים ׳א God of the Hebrews 2 Mos 3,18; 2 Mos 5,3; 2 Mos 7,16; 2 Mos 9,1; 2 Mos 9,13 (JE); it is used with other proper names, Nahor 1 Mos 31,53 (E), Shem 1 Mos 9,26 (J), David 2 Kong 20,5; 2 Kron 21,12; 2 Kron 34,3; Es 38,5, Hezekiah 2 Kron 32,17, Elijah 2 Kong 2,14 ארני המלך ׳א the God of my lord the king 1 Kong 1,36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם ׳א ancient God 5 Mos 33,27 עולם ׳א everlasting God Es 40,28 אֱמֶת ׳א true God 2 Kron 15,3 אָמֵן ׳א Es 65,16 (see אָמֵן); משפט ׳א Es 30,18; Mal 2,17 מרום ׳א Mik 6,6 כָל בָשָׂר ׳א God of all flesh Jer 32,27 compare ׳א הרוחות לכל בשר 4 Mos 16,22; 4 Mos 27,16 (P); השמים ׳א God of heaven 1 Mos 24,7 (JR) 2 Kron 36,23; Ezr 1,2; Neh 1,4; Neh 1,5; Neh 2,4; Neh 2,20 compare כל הארץ ׳א Es 54,5 ׳השמים וא ׳א ׳י הארץ 1 Mos 24,3 (JR); מִקָּרֹב ׳א a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק ׳א Jer 23,23, ישועתי ׳א, יִשְׁעִי ׳א God of my salvation Sl 18,47 (= 2 Sam 22,47) Sl 24,5; Sl 25,5; Sl 27,9; Sl 65,6; Sl 79,9; Sl 85,5; Es 17,10; Mik 7,7; Hab 3,18; 1 Kron 16,35 ישועתי ׳א Sl 88,2 תשועתי ׳א Sl 51,16 צִדְקִי ׳א God of righteousness Sl 4,2 חַסְדִּי ׳א Sl 59,11; Sl 59,18 צוּרִי ׳א God who is my rock 2 Sam 22,3 (compare Sl 18,3); מָעוּזִּי֯ ׳א God who is my stronghold Sl 43,2 תְהִלָּתִי ׳א God who is my praise Sl 109,1.
\ \ c. with suffix in P (22 t. including phrase ויראת מאלהיך) 3 Mos 19,14; 3 Mos 19,32; 3 Mos 25,17; 3 Mos 25,36; 3 Mos 25,43 (H) 2 Mos 8,21; Jos 24,27 (E) 5 Mos 32,37 (poetry) Jos 9,23 (JE) 5 Mos 10,21; 5 Mos 31,17; Dom 10,10; Dom 16,23; Dom 16,24; 1 Sam 10,19; 2 Sam 10,12; 2 Sam 22,32 + (4 t. poetry) 1 Kong 12,28; 1 Kong 20,23; 2 Kong 19,10 Chronicles (83 t.); Psalms (62 t.); Ord 2,17; Ord 30,9; Rut 1,15; Rut 1,16 (twice in verse); Es 1,10; Es 7,13; Es 8,19; Es 8,21 Isa2 (29 t.); Jer 5,4; Jer 5,5; Jer 23,36; Jer 51,5; Ezk 34,31 Daniel (5 t.); Hosea (12 t.); Amos 2,8; Amos 4,12; Joel 1,13 (twice in verse); Joel 1,16; Joel 2,17; Mik 6,8; Mik 7,7; Jon 1,5; Jon 1,6; Sef 3,2; Nah 1,14; Zak 9,7; Zak 12,5 אלהים with suffix is also used with יהוה several hundred times (see יהוה).

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יהוה BDB2100

יהוהc. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺהC518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of 2 Mos 20,7; 3 Mos 24,11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philode Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö§ 88). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Sl 74,6 תַּהֲרוּ Es 33,11), see LagSym i.14 BaudStudien i.179 ff.; DrStud.Bib.i.1 ff. For Jeve see StaZAW 1881, 346 Deib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.
2. on literature of interpretations see NesEg.67 Drl.c. — Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה 1 Mos 3,20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, NesEg.88 (but NesEg.91 inclines to Qal as RSBrit. & For. Ev. Rev see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RSOTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245, compare WeSkizzen iii.175; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, StaG.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RSBrit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ewinfr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Drl.c.17)).
**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by BauRel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230); DlPa 162 ff. claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kuenational Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.) JastrJBL xiil {1894}, 103 f. compare HptBAS i. 170 N; DlBabel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f. makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially HirschZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff. ZimKATS. 465 ff.; SpiegelbZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff. proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in KöEB NAMES, § 112 and n.3. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to SchwThLZ, 1905, col. 612.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given 2 Mos 3,12–15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (2 Mos 3,12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it v2 Mos 3,14a (i.e: with thee v2 Mos 3,12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה v2 Mos 3,14b (i.e. with thee v2 Mos 3,12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it v2 Mos 3,15 (i.e. with thee v2 Mos 3,12). compare EwBTh ii. 337, 338 RSl.c., Proph. 385 ff. Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc LagPsalt.Hieron.156); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich WeJD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses 2 Mos 6,3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, 1 Mos 21,83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De 1 Mos 21,33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12,9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI18. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT 1 Mos 2,4b DlPa 158 ff. DrStud. Bib. i. 7 ff.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
\ \ a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words 2 Mos 20,2–12 (5 t.) = 5 Mos 5,6–16 in the law of worship of J E, 2 Mos 23,19; 2 Mos 34,24; 2 Mos 34,26 in D 234 t.; Jos 1,9; Jos 1,17; Jos 9,9; Jos 9,24 (D2); elsewhere 1 Mos 27,20; 2 Mos 15,26 (JE), Dom 6,26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1 Kron 11,2; 1 Kron 22,11; 1 Kron 22,12; 2 Kron 9,8 (twice in verse); 2 Kron 16,7; Es 7,11; Es 37,4 (twice in verse); Es 41,13; Es 43,3; Es 51,15; Es 55,5; Jer 40,2 + (3t.); Hos 12,10; Hos 13,4; Hos 14,2; Amos 9,15; Sl 81,11.
\ \ b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D2 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere 2 Mos 23,25 (E); 2 Mos 8,24; 2 Mos 10,8; 2 Mos 10,16; 2 Mos 10,17 (JE); Dom 6,10; 1 Sam 12,12; 1 Sam 12,14; 2 Kong 17,39; 2 Kong 23,21; 1 Kron 22,18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Sl 76,12; Jer 13,16 + (5 t.) Ezk 20,5; Ezk 20,7; Ezk 20,19; Ezk 20,20; Joel 2,13 + (6 t.) Zak 6,15.
\ \ c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D2 5 t.; 2 Mos 8,6 (JE) 2 Mos 3,18; 2 Mos 5,3; 2 Mos 8,22; 2 Mos 8,23; 2 Mos 10,25; 2 Mos 10,26 (E) Dom 11,24; 1 Sam 7,8; 1 Kong 8,57; 1 Kong 8,59; 1 Kong 8,61; 1 Kong 8,65; 2 Kong 18,22; 2 Kong 19,10 = Es 36,7; Es 37,20; 1 Kron 13,2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mik 4,5; Mik 7,17; Es 26,13; Jer 3,22 + (17 t.) Sl 20,8; Sl 90,17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Sl 94,23; Sl 99,5; Sl 99,8; Sl 99,9 (twice in verse); Sl 105,7; Sl 106,47; Sl 113,5; Sl 122,9; Sl 123,2; Dan 9,10; Dan 9,13; Dan 9,14.
\ \ d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם 2 Mos 10,7 (J) 2 Mos 29,46 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 26,44 (P) Dom 3,7; Dom 8,34; 1 Sam 12,9; 1 Kong 9,9; 2 Kong 17,7; 2 Kong 17,9; 2 Kong 17,14; 2 Kong 17,16; 2 Kong 17,19; 2 Kong 18,12; 2 Kron 31,6; 2 Kron 33,17; 2 Kron 34,33; Neh 9,3 (twice in verse); Neh 9,4; Jer 3,21; Jer 22,9; Jer 30,9; Jer 43,1 (twice in verse); Jer 50,4; Ezk 28,26; Ezk 34,30; Ezk 39,22; Ezk 39,28; Hos 1,7; Hos 3,5; Hos 7,10; Sef 2,7; Hag 1,12 (twice in verse); Zak 9,16; Zak 10,6.
\ \ e. with אֱלֹהָיו 4 Mos 23,21 (E) 2 Mos 32,11 (J) 3 Mos 4,22 (P) 5 Mos 17,19; 5 Mos 18,7; 1 Sam 30,6; 1 Kong 5,17; 1 Kong 11,4; 1 Kong 15,3; 1 Kong 15,4; 1 Kong 2,11; 1 Kong 16,2; 1 Kong 2,1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mik 5,3; Jer 7,28; Sl 33,12; Sl 144,15; Sl 146,5; Jon 2,2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי 4 Mos 22,18 (JE) 5 Mos 4,5; 5 Mos 18,16; 5 Mos 26,14; Jos 14,8; Jos 14,9; 2 Sam 24,24; 1 Kong 3,7; 1 Kong 5,18; 1 Kong 5,19; 1 Kong 8,28; 1 Kong 17,20; 1 Kong 17,21; 1 Kron 21,17; 1 Kron 22,7; 2 Kron 2,3; 2 Kron 6,19; 2 Kron 9,5; Sl 7,2; Sl 7,4; Sl 13,4; Sl 18,29; Sl 30,3; Sl 30,13; Sl 35,24; Sl 40,6; Sl 104,1; Sl 109,26; Es 25,1; Jer 31,18; Dan 9,4; Dan 9,20; Jon 2,7; Hab 1,12; Zak 11,4; Zak 13,9; Zak 14,5.
\ \ g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Es 60,9; Jer 2,17; Jer 2,19; Jer 3,13; Mik 7,10; Sef 3,17.
\ \ h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text 1 Mos 2,4b — 1 Mos 3,23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by RP as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); 2 Mos 9,30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2 Sam 7,22; 2 Sam 7,25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1 Kron 17,20–23 only יהוה); 1 Kron 17,16; 1 Kron 17,17 (but 2 Sam 7,18; 2 Sam 7,19 אדני יהוה) 1 Kron 28,20; 1 Kron 29,1; 2 Kron 1,9; 2 Kron 6,41 (twice in verse); 2 Kron 6,42; 2 Kron 26,18 (but in the original Sl 132,8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Sl 72,18 (the late doxology) Sl 84,12 (but it makes the line too long); Jon 4,6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.
2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
\ \ a. after אמר either alone 2 Mos 6,2; 2 Mos 6,29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: 1 Mos 28,13 (J) 1 Mos 15,7 (R) 2 Mos 6,6 (P) with אלהיכם Dom 6,10; Ezk 20,5.
\ \ b. after ידע כי (α) 2 Mos 7,17; 2 Mos 8,18; 2 Mos 10,2 (J); 2 Mos 7,5; 2 Mos 14,4; 2 Mos 14,18 (P); 1 Kong 20,13; 1 Kong 20,28; Jer 24,7; Ezk 6,7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם 2 Mos 6,7; 2 Mos 16,12; 5 Mos 29,5 (P) 2 Mos 20,20; Joel 4,17 (γ) with אלהיהם 2 Mos 29,46 (P) Ezk 28,26; Ezk 34,30; Ezk 39,22; Ezk 39,28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Es 45,3; Es 49,23; Es 49,26; Es 60,16; Ezk 7,9; Ezk 17,24; Ezk 21,10; Ezk 22,22; Ezk 35,12; Ezk 36,36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ 2 Mos 31,13 (P) Ezk 20,12; Ezk 37,28; Ezk 39,7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezk 5,13; Ezk 17,21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezk 20,26.
\ \ c. after כִּי in various combinations 3 Mos 11,44; 3 Mos 11,45; 4 Mos 35,34 (P), 3 Mos 20,7; 3 Mos 20,26; 3 Mos 21,8; 3 Mos 21,15; 3 Mos 21,23; 3 Mos 22,16; 3 Mos 24,22; 3 Mos 25,17; 3 Mos 26,1; 3 Mos 26,44 (all H); 2 Mos 15,26 (R) Es 41,13; Es 43,3; Es 61,8; Jer 9,23; Ezk 12,25; Ezk 21,4; Zak 10,6; Mal 3,6.
\ \ d. emphatic 2 Mos 6,8; 2 Mos 12,12; 3 Mos 26,2; 3 Mos 26,45; 4 Mos 3,13; 4 Mos 3,41; 4 Mos 3,45 (all P); 3 Mos 18,5; 3 Mos 18,6; 3 Mos 18,21; 3 Mos 19,12; 3 Mos 19,14; 3 Mos 19,16; 3 Mos 19,18; 3 Mos 19,28; 3 Mos 19,30; 3 Mos 19,32; 3 Mos 19,37; 3 Mos 21,12; 3 Mos 22,2; 3 Mos 22,3; 3 Mos 22,8; 3 Mos 22,30; 3 Mos 22,31; 3 Mos 22,33 (all H) Es 43,15 with אלהיהם 2 Mos 29,46 with אלהיךָ Es 48,17 with אלהיכם 3 Mos 23,43; 3 Mos 25,38; 3 Mos 25,55; 4 Mos 10,10; 4 Mos 15,41 (twice in verse) (P) 3 Mos 18,2; 3 Mos 18,4; 3 Mos 18,30; 3 Mos 19,2; 3 Mos 19,3; 3 Mos 19,4; 3 Mos 19,10; 3 Mos 19,25; 3 Mos 19,31; 3 Mos 19,34; 3 Mos 19,36; 3 Mos 20,24; 3 Mos 23,22; 3 Mos 26,13 (all H) Ezk 20,7; Ezk 20,19; Joel 2,27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ 3 Mos 20,8; 3 Mos 22,9; 3 Mos 22,32 (H), with דברתי 4 Mos 14,35 (P) Ezk 5,15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Es 27,3; Es 41,4; Es 41,17; Es 42,6; Es 42,8; Es 45,5; Es 45,6; Es 45,7; Es 45,8; Es 45,18; Es 45,19; Es 45,21; Es 60,22; Jer 17,10; Jer 32,27; Ezk 14,4; Ezk 14,7; Ezk 14,9; Ezk 34,24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words 2 Mos 20,2; 2 Mos 20,5 = 5 Mos 5,6; 5 Mos 5,9 cited Sl 81,11; Hos 12,10; Hos 13,4 elsewhere only 2 Mos 4,11 (J) Es 43,11; Es 44,24; Es 51,15.
3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה 1 Mos 22,14 (J); יהוה נסי 2 Mos 17,15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Dom 6,24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33,16 (compare Jer 23,6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezk 48,35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — BonkZAW 1891, 126 ff. seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

הָלַל BDB2170

II. [הָלַל] verb be boastful, Pi`el praise (Arabic shout, both in joy & (if conjecture of Nö RS be right, see citation below) in terror; especially II. in formula of worship; Syriac Pa`el cecinit, laudavit; compare Late Hebrew הִלּוּל praise, הַלֵּל id., Hallel (Psalm 113-118); Aramaic הִילּוּלָא marriage-song, &c.; on Assyrian alâlu, shout for joy, rejoice see LyonSargontexte 66 (Cylinder. 1. 36) also WincklerSargontexte 134, 1. 194; 156. 1. 149 KB44. 1. 36; 80. 1. 194; all variations of cry aloud, compare NöZMG 1887, 723 RSSemitic 411; perhaps originally break through, or out (in a cry), compare WeSkizzen iii. 107 ff., especially 109; compare also (according to PrätBAS i. 369 f.) Ethiopic implore (compare Amharic, Tigrinya), & swear) —

Qal Imperfect 2 masculine plural תָּהֹ֑לּוּ Sl 75,5 Participle הוֺלֲלִים Sl 5,6 + 2 t.; — be boastful אַלתָּֿהֹ֑לּוּ Sl 75,5 (|| אַלֿ (תָּרִימוּקָ֑רֶן); Participle boastful ones, boasters Sl 5,6 (|| פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן); Sl 73,3; Sl 75,5 (both || רְשָׁעִים). Pi`el Perfect הִלֵּל Sl 10,3, 1 singular suffix הִלַּלְתִּיךָ Sl 119,164 3 masculine plural וְהִלֲלן consecutive Es 62,9, suffix הִלֲלוּךָ Es 64,10. etc.; Imperfect יְהַלֶּלֿ Sl 63,6; Sl 102,19 suffix יְהַלֶּלְךָ Ord 27,2, יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ Es 38,18, וַיְהַלֲלָהּ Ord 31,38: 1 singular אֲהַלֵּל Sl 56,5 + 2 t., cohortative אֲהַלֲלָה Sl 69,31 + 2 t., etc.; Imperative feminine singular הַלֲלִי Sl 146,1; Sl 147,12 masculine plural הַלְלוּ Sl 104,35 + 30 t. Psalm + Jer 20,13; Jer 31,7 suffix הַלֲלוּ֫הוּ Sl 22,24 + 15 t. Psalms; Infinitive absolute הַלֵּל 1 Kron 16,36 construct הַלֵּל 2 Sam 14,25 + 16 t. Chronicles; Participle plural מְהַלֲלִים 1 Kron 23,5 + 4 t. Chronicles; —
1. praise man or woman, accusative וַיְהַלֲלוּ אֹתָהּ אֶלפַּֿרְעֹה 1 Mos 12,15 (J) and they praised her to Pharaoh, compare Ord 27,2; Ord 31,28; Ord 31,31; Hoj 6,9 וְהַמְהַלֲלִים אֶתהַֿמֶּלָךְ 2 Kron 23,12 and those praising (shouting acclamations to) the king; see also לְהַלֵּל מְאֹד 2 Sam 14,25 (of Absalom's beauty); in bas sense עֹזְבֵי תוֺרָה יְהַלֲלוּ רָשָׁע Ord 28,4 deserters of law praise a wicked man.
2. usually praise אֱלֹהִים, ׳י etc.;
\ \ a. followed by accusative of heathen god Dom 16,24.
\ \ b. object ׳(אֱלֹהִים) י; Sl 119,164 (עַל on account of), subject heaven, earth, seas, etc., Sl 69,35 תְּחִי נַפְשִׁי ותְהַלֲלֶךָּ Sl 119,175 in summons to all creatures to praise Sl 148,5; Sl 148,13; Es 38,18 לֹא שְׁאוֺל תּוֺדֶךָּ מָוֶת יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ (compare Sl 115,17); often of Public worship in sanctuary, Es 62,9 (thanks giving in sanctuary after harvest), compare Es 64,10; Sl 22,23 (|| אֲסַפְּרָה שִׁמְךָ), vSl 22,27; Sl 35,18; Sl 109,30 (both || אוֺדְךָ) Sl 107,32 (|| יְרוֺמֲמוּהוּ) Sl 84,5, see also Sl 146,2 (|| ׳אֲזַמְּרָה לֵא) Sl 149,3 (with בְּ instrumental; || יְזַמְּרוּ לוֺ); also object ׳שֵׁם י (in some cases of public worship) Sl 74,21; Sl 148,5; Joel 2,26 (thanksgiving after harvest); שֵׁםאֱֿלֹהִים בְּשִׁיר Sl 69,31 (|| וִאֲגַדְּלֶנּוּ בְתוֺדָה), Sl 145,2 (|| אֲבָֽרֲכֶ֑ךָּ); further, Sl 56,5 בֵּאלֹהִים אֲהַלֵּל דְּבָרוֺ, also vSl 56,11 + vSl 56,11b ׳ביהוה וגו, but compare Hup Che on 11:b as editorial addition; object not expressed אֶתעַֿמְּךָ ׳הַשְׁמִיעוּ הַלֲלוּ וְאִמְרוּ הוֺשַׁע י Jer 31,7, וְשִׂפְתֵי רְנָנוֺת יְהַלֶּלפִּֿי Sl 63,6.
\ \ c. use of Imperative deserves special notice: הַלֲלוּהוּ Sl 22,24 (|| כַּבְּדוּהוּ; of temple-worship compare vSl 22,23 vSl 22,25); also in summons to angles, sun, moon, etc. (all created things) to praise ׳י Sl 148,2 (twice in verse); Sl 148,3 (twice in verse); Sl 148,4; Sl 150,1 of temple-worship Sl 150,2 (בְּ on account of) vSl 150,2 (כְּ), vSl 150,3 vSl 150,3 vSl 150,4 vSl 150,4 vSl 150,5 vSl 150,5 (all with בְּ instrumental); further Jer 20,13 (|| ׳שִׁירוּ לי), ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ Sl 117,1 (addressed to nations, || שַׁבְּחוּהוּ), Sl 148,7 (created things), חַלֲלִי אֱלֹהַיִךְ צִיּוֺן Sl 147,12 (|| שַׁבְּחִי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ ׳אֶתיֿ).
\ \ d. note especially: praise ye yah! הַלֲלויָֿהּ Sl 135,3, liturgical (|| זַמְּרוּ לִשְׁמוֺ); elsewhere always one word see BaerPsalm p.115, & always at beginning or end of Psalm (chiefly late), apparently liturgical; הַלֲלוּיָהֿ֑ Sl 104,35 (|| ׳בָּֽרְכִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), elsewhere ׃הַלֲלוּיָהּ (I) at beginning Sl 106,1; Sl 111,1 (both || הודה) Sl 112,1; Sl 113,1 (|| הַלֲלוּ & ׳אֶתשֵֿׁם י ׳ה), Sl 135,1 (|| id.), Sl 146,1 (|| ׳הַלֲלִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), Sl 147,1 (followed by זַמְּרָה in clause with כִּי), Sl 148,1 (|| ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ, הַלֲלוּהוּ), Sl 149,1 (|| ׳שִׁירוּ לי), Sl 150,1 (|| הַלֲלוּאֵֿל, הַלֲלוּהוּ); (2) at end Sl 104,35 (above), Sl 105,45; Sl 106,48; Sl 113,9; Sl 115,18 (|| נְבָרֵךְ יָהּ), Sl 116,19; Sl 117,2; Sl 135,21 (|| ׳בָּרוּךְ י) Sl 146,10; Sl 147,20; Sl 148,14; Sl 149,9; Sl 150,6 (|| כֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ); add to these (not liturgical) יְהַלֶּליָֿהּ Sl 102,19, כֹּל נְשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ Sl 150,6, לֹא הַמֵּתִים יְהַלֲלויָֿהּ Sl 115,17.
\ \ e. also followed by ליהוה, in Chronicles, of technical Levitical function (compare LagOr.ii.16 ff., who limits this technical הלל to priests, using חֲצֹצְרוֺת, for a signal to the people; see e.g. Neh 12,24 compare vNeh 12,27), 1 Kron 16,4 (with instrumental music, compare בִּכְלֵי כְבָלִים וּבְכִנֹּרוֺת & בַּמְצִלְתַּיִ ם, all v1 Kron 16,5, and Neh 12,27) 1 Kron 23,30; 1 Kron 25,3 (all || הוֺדוֺת); exercised (apparently) by both priests and Levites Ezr 3,11 (|| הֹדוֺת) compare vEzr 3,11 by Levites 2 Kron 20,19 (בְּקֹל גָּדוֺל), 2 Kron 29,30 (בְּדִבְרֵי דָוִיד) in which the people also joined 1 Kron 16,36 also 2 Kron 5,13 (בַּחֲצֹצְרוֺת וּבִמְצִלְתַּיִם וּבִכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר compare also v2 Kron 5,12 || הֹדוֺת, v2 Kron 5,13 apparently of Levites & priests), בַּכֵּלִים ׳מְהַלֲלִים לי 1 Kron 23,5 (Levites) compare 2 Kron 30,21 (Levites & priests ׳בִּכְלֵי עֹז לי); followed by לְשֵׁם תִּפְאַרְתֶּ֑ךָ 1 Kron 29,13 (|| מוֺדִים; David speaks in name of people); followed by לְהַדְרַתקֹֿ֑דֶשׁ 2 Kron 20,11 (before the army; || ׳מְשֹׁרֲרִים לי; probably of Levites, compare v2 Kron 20,19). feminine followed by accusative ׳י Ezr 3,10 (priests & Levites: עַליְֿדֵי דָּוִיד), Neh 5,13 (people).
\ \ g. other forms, with like technical sense, but absolute: לְהַלֵּל לְהוֺדוֺת בְּמִצְוַת דָּוִיד Neh 12,24 (Levites) compare 1 Kron 23,5; 2 Kron 8,14; 2 Kron 29,30 (עַדלְֿשִׂמְחָה) 2 Kron 31,2 (apparently priests & Levites; ׳בְּשַׁעֲדֵי מַחֲנוֺת י; || לְשָׁרֵת וּלְהֹוֺדוֺת); see also מוֺדִיעִים לְהַלֵּל 2 Kron 23,13 (|| מְשׁוֺרֲרִים בִּכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר בְּהַלֵּל דָּוִיד בְּיָדָם ). 2 Kron 7,6 (|| הֹדוֺת ליהוּה)
3. apparently boast, male one's boast compare Qal 2 (followed by בְּ in, of), בֵּאלֹהִים Sl 44,9 (|| שִׁמְךָ לְעוֺלָם נוֺדֶה); so according to most, in bad sense, רָשָׁע עַלתַּֿאֲוַת נַפְשׁוֺ ׳ה Sl 10,3 a wicked man boasteth of the desire of his soul, but Che praiseth (׳י) for (i.e. in a mercenary spirit). Pu`al Perfect 3 plural הוּלָּ֑לוּ Sl 78,63 Imperfect יְהֻלַּלֿ Ord 12,8 Participle מְהֻלָּל 2 Sam 22,4 + 6 t.; feminine הַהֻלָּ֑לָה Ezk 26,17 (compare Ol§ 250 c Sta§ 220, 617 b; ᵑ0, however, accents as Perfect, regarding הַ as = relative, see sta:§ 176 c Ges«GKC:52»§ 52. 2, R. 6); — be praised,
1. human subject be praised, commended Ord 12,18 (opposed to יִהְיֶה לָבוּז); of maidens, praised, celebrated (in song) Sl 78,63 participle (see above) of city, renowned Ezk 26,17.
2. of ׳י only participle = gerundive, to be praised, worthy of praise 2 Sam 22,4 = Sl 18,4 מְאֹד ׳וּמְה ׳גָּדוֺל י Sl 48,2; Sl 96,4 = 1 Kron 16,25; Sl 145,3 so ׳שֵׁם י ׳מְה Sl 113,3. Hithpa. Imperfect יִתְהַלֵּל 1 Kong 20,11 + 5 t.; יִתְהַלָּ֑ל Ord 20,14 3 feminine singular תִּתְּהַלֵּל Sl 34,3, תִּתְּהַלָּ֑ל Ord 31,30 2 masculine singular תִּתְהַלֵּל Sl 52,3; Ord 27,1 תִּתְהַלָּ֑ל Es 41,16 2 feminine singular תִּתְהַלֲלִי Jer 49,4 3 masculine plural יִתְהַלֲלוּ Sl 64,11; Es 45,25 יִתְהַלָּ֑לוּ Es 49,7; Jer 4,2 Imperative masculine plural הִתְהַלֲלוּ 1 Kron 16,10; Sl 105,3 Infinitive לְהִתְהַלֵּל Sl 106,5 Participle מִתְהַלֵּל Ord 25,14; Jer 9,23 plural מִתְהַלֲלִים Sl 97,7 — glory, boast, make one's boast: —
1. of self-confident boasting, absolute 1 Kong 20,11 compare Ord 20,14 followed by בְּ of ground of boast Jer 9,22 (3 t. in verse); Jer 49,4; Sl 49,7; Sl 52,3; Ord 25,14, אַלתִּֿתְהַלֵּל בְּיוֺם מָחָר Ord 27,1 of glorying in idols הַמִּתְהַלֲלִים בָּאֱלִלִים Sl 97,7.
2. of glorying, making one's boast in (בְּ, on the ground of) ׳תִּתְהַלֵּל ׃י ׳בי נַפְשִׁי Sl 34,3, compare Es 45,25; Jer 4,2 (|| וְהִתְבָּֽרְכוּ בוֺ); followed by בִּקְדוֺשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל Es 41,16 see also Sl 105,3 = 1 Kron 16,10 followed by ) בְּשֵׁם קָדְשׁוֺ || ׳(יִשְׂמַה לֵב מְבַקְשֵׁי י, compare further Jer 9,23 less often absolute Jer 9,23; Sl 63,12; Sl 64,11; followed by עִםנַֿחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ together with thine heritage (|| לִשְׂמֹהַ בְּשִׂמְהַת גּוֶֺ י֑ךָ).
3. once, late = passive be praised, commended, of God-fearing woman Ord 31,30. Po`el Imperfect יְהוֺלֵל Es 44,25 + 2 t.; — make into a fool, make fool of, object שֹׁפְטִים Job 12,17 (subject ׳י; || מוֺלִיךְ יוֺעֲצִים שׁוֺלָ֑ל); object קֹסְמִים Es 44,25 (subject ׳י || מֵפֵר אֹתוֺת בַּדִּים; object הָכָם Praed 7,7 (subject הָעשֶׁק; || וִיאַבֵּד אֶתלֵֿב מַתָּנָה). Po`al Participle לִשְׂהוֺק אָמַרְתִּי מְהוֺלָ֑ל Praed 2,2 of laughter I said, It is mad (folly); מְהוֺלָלַי Sl 102,9 those mad against me (|| אוֺיְבָ֑י). Hithpo`el Imperfect וַיִּתְהֹלֵל 1 Sam 21,14 3 masculine plural יִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jer 51,7, יִתְהוֺלֲלוּ Nah 2,5, יִתְהֹלֶ֑לוּ Jer 50,38 Imperative masculine plural הִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jer 49,9, הִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ Jer 25,16 — act madly, or like a madman, וַיִּתְהֹלֵל בְּיָדָם 1 Sam 21,14 (of David) and he acted like a madman in their hands; of idolatrous worship by Chaldeans ׳וּבָאֵימִים יִתְה Jer 50,38 of nations, as drunken men, figurative of terror at Yahweh's judgements, Jer 25,16 (|| הִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ) Jer 51,7 also of madly driving & jolting chariots Nah 2,5; Jer 46,9.

Forekomster pr. bog

1 Mos 190 2 Mos 111 3 Mos 47 4 Mos 23 5 Mos 312 Jos 65 Dom 61 Rut 3 1 Sam 90 2 Sam 48 1 Kong 90 2 Kong 83 1 Kron 101 2 Kron 167 Ezr 45 Neh 64 Job 17 Sl 325 Ord 5 Praed 36 Es 86 Jer 128 Ezk 34 Dan 19 Hos 23 Joel 10 Amos 14 Jon 14 Mik 9 Nah 1 Hab 2 Sef 5 Hag 2 Zak 11 Mal 7
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Versnumrene følger den hebraiske tekst og kan i enkelte bøger (fx Salmerne) afvige med et vers fra de danske.

3. Mosebog

4. Mosebog

Josvas Bog

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Ruts Bog

1. Samuelsbog

2. Samuelsbog

1. Krønikebog

Ezras Bog

Nehemias' Bog

Jobs Bog

Ordsprogenes Bog

Prædikerens Bog

Ezekiels Bog

Daniels Bog

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Joels Bog

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Jonas' Bog

Mikas Bog

Nahums Bog

Habakkuks Bog

Sefanias' Bog

Haggajs Bog

Zakarias' Bog

Malakias' Bog

Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.