אֶבֶן

1. in natural state, used as pillow 1 Mos 28,11; 1 Mos 28,18 (E); seat 2 Mos 17,12 (E); cover of well 1 Mos 29,2; 1 Mos 29,3 (twice in verse); 1 Mos 29,8; 1 Mos 29,10 (J); causing one to stumble Es 8,14 marring good ground 2 Kong 3,19; 2 Kong 3,25 hand-missle 2 Mos 21,18 (JE) 4 Mos 35,17; 4 Mos 35,23 (P) 2 Sam 16,6; 2 Sam 16,13, especially in judicial stoning, with verb רָגַם 3 Mos 20,2; 3 Mos 20,27; 3 Mos 24,23; 4 Mos 14,10; 4 Mos 15,35; 4 Mos 15,36; Jos 7,25 a (all P), so also 5 Mos 21,21; 2 Kron 24,21; Ezk 16,40; Ezk 23,47 compare 1 Kong 12,18 = 2 Kron 10,18 with verb סָקַל 5 Mos 13,11; 5 Mos 17,5; 5 Mos 22,21; 5 Mos 22,24; 5 Mos 1,13 also Jos 7,25b (J E or D); sling-stones Dom 20,16; 1 Sam 17,40; 1 Sam 17,49 (twice in verse); 1 Sam 17,50; 2 Kron 26,14 hurled by engines 2 Kron 26,15 set up for inscribing law 5 Mos 27,2; 5 Mos 27,4; 5 Mos 27,8; Jos 8,32 (all D); as memorial Jos 4,3; Jos 4,5; Jos 4,6; Jos 4,7; Jos 4,8; Jos 4,9; Jos 4,20; Jos 4,21 (J E D) 1 Sam 7,12 as sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) 1 Mos 28,18; 1 Mos 35,14 (anointed with oil), 1 Mos 28,22 (= בֵּיתאֵל) compare ׳(רֹעֶה) א יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Mos 49,24 (see Di); as witness 1 Mos 31,45 compare Jos 24,26; Jos 24,27 (all J E); plural gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Jos 7,26 (see Di) Jos 8,29 compare Jos 10,18; Jos 10,27 (JE) 2 Sam 18,17 גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact 1 Mos 31,46 (twice in verse) (JE); built into altar 2 Mos 20,25; 5 Mos 27,5; 5 Mos 27,6 (J E D) Jos 8,31; 1 Kong 18,31; 1 Kong 18,32; 1 Kong 18,38 compare 2 Kong 23,15 ᵐ5 Klo (for הבמה); of figured stone (forbidden) מַשְׂכִּית ׳א 3 Mos 26,1 (H) ;גדולה ׳א where ark rested 1 Sam 6,14; 1 Sam 6,15 also v1 Sam 6,18 (ᵑ0 אבל q. v.); (see for other note-worthy stones

9. below

2. stone, as material, of tablets 2 Mos 24,12; 2 Mos 31,18; 2 Mos 34,1 (plural) v2 Mos 34,4 v2 Mos 34,4 (JE) 5 Mos 4,13; 5 Mos 5,19; 5 Mos 9,9; 5 Mos 9,10; 5 Mos 9,11; 5 Mos 10,1; 5 Mos 10,3 of vessels, hence probably 2 Mos 7,19 (P; ׳א = vessels of stone || עצים) see Di; idols (|| עץ) 5 Mos 4,28; 5 Mos 28,36; 5 Mos 28,64; 5 Mos 29,16; 2 Kong 19,18 = Es 37,19 also Jer 3,9; Ezk 20,32 pavement 2 Kong 16,17 edifice 1 Kong 6,7 compare 1 Mos 11,3 also 2 Sam 5,11; 2 Kong 12,13; 1 Kron 22,15 often plural of (worked) stones 3 Mos 14,40; 3 Mos 14,42 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 14,43; 3 Mos 14,45 (P; in wall of house) 2 Kong 22,6 +, compare of city-wall Neh 3,35 of (ruined) city 1 Kong 15,22; Neh 3,34 tomb Es 14,19 אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֺת (costly building-stones) 1 Kong 5,31; 1 Kong 7,9; 1 Kong 7,10; 1 Kong 7,11 (see also below 3); אַבְנֵיֿ שַׁיִשׁ = marble (see ᵐ5) 1 Kron 29,2 אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1 Kong 5,31; 1 Kron 22,2; Ezk 40,42 (for altar-tables), — compare גָּזִית; מַחְצֵב ׳א 2 Kong 12,13; 2 Kong 22,6; 2 Kong 2,11 foundation-stone, corner-stone Es 28,16; Jer 51,26; Job 38,6; Sl 118,22 cap-stone, completing the building, הָרִאשֹׁנָה ׳הָא Zak 4,7 (but see רֹאשׁ פִּנָּה Sl 118,22 as above), Zak 3,9 upon one stone seven eyes, probably refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God's watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, see Guthe^{ZPV 1890, 129}; stone-cutters ׳חָרָשֵׁי א 2 Sam 5,11; 1 Kron 22,15 ׳חֹצְבֵי הָא 2 Kong 12,13 compare 1 Kron 22,2.

3. precious stones, generally with modifying word יְקָרָה ׳א collective 2 Sam 12,30; 1 Kong 10,2 + often (see 2); הַשֹּׁהַם ׳א 1 Mos 2,12 (J) compare 2 Mos 25,7; 2 Mos 28,9; 2 Mos 35,9; 2 Mos 35,27; 2 Mos 39,6 (P) 1 Kron 29,2 מִלֻּאִים ׳א 2 Mos 25,7; 2 Mos 35,9; 2 Mos 35,27 compare 1 Kron 29,2 סַפִּיר ׳א Ezk 1,26; Ezk 10,1 אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Es 54,12 חֵפֶץ ׳א ib.; אַבְנֵי פוּח וְרִקְמָה 1 Kron 29,2 חֵן ׳א Ord 17,8 on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ezk 28,14; Ezk 28,16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban išâti (?) see Dl^{Pa 118 & W 40}; but Sm and others thunderbolts; also without distinctive modifier 2 Mos 25,7; 2 Mos 35,9 ׳חָרַשׁ א engraver in stone 2 Mos 28,11 compare 2 Mos 31,5; 2 Mos 35,33 (P).

4. stones containing metal, = ore, 5 Mos 8,9 (see Di) Job 28,2 compare vJob 28,3.

5. a weight, originally stone (see Ord 27,3 compare English weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵיכִֿיס Ord 16,11 (compare Assyrian Dl^{W 38}); הַמֶּלֶח ׳א 2 Sam 14,26 (i.e. accusative to royal standard; compare COT^{1 Mos 23,16}); ׳וָא ׳א 5 Mos 25,13; Ord 20,10; Ord 20,23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use); כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Mik 6,11 just weights אַבְנֵיצֶֿדֶק 3 Mos 19,36 שְׁלֵמָה ׳א Ord 11,1 hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zak 5,8.

6. plummet Es 34,11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, compare on sense 2 Kong 21,13; Amos 7,7; Amos 7,8); also made of metal הַבְּדִּיל ׳הא Zak 4,10 (conversely plummet from plumbum).

7. objects like stones; particle hail, explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Jos 10,11 compare Es 30,30 אֶלְגָּבִישׁ ׳א Ezk 13,11; Ezk 13,18; Ezk 38,22 but also אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלוֺת Jos 10,11 (E) (compare Assyrian Dl^{W 38}); lime-stones אַבְנֵיגִֿר Es 27,9.

8. in simile (mostly poetry) of sinking in water 2 Mos 15,5 = Neh 9,11 motionlessness 2 Mos 15,16 strength Job 6,12 firmness Job 41,16 solidity (of ice) Job 38,30 in prose, of commonness 1 Kong 10,27; 2 Kron 1,15 also metaphor of one in fear 1 Sam 25,37 (i.e. petrified with terror, compare 2 Mos 15,16 above); ׳לֵב הָא = perverse, hard heart Ezk 11,19; Ezk 36,26 אַבְנֵינֵֿזֶר Zak 9,16 (of ransomed Israel) — ׳א personified Hab 2,11 compare vHab 2,19 compare Ezk 13,11 (see 7 above)

9. In topographic terms (nearly = proper name); אֶבֶן בֹּהַן Jos 15,6; Jos 18,17 הָעֶזֶר ׳א 1 Sam 5,1 compare 1 Sam 7,12, also 1 Sam 4,1 (We Dr); ׳הָא הָאָ֑זֶל 1 Sam 20,19, read הָאַרְגָּב הַלָּאז see ᵐ5 here & v1 Sam 20,41 (We Dr Klo); הַזֹּחֶלֶת ׳א 1 Kong 1,9 (where We^{Skizzen III, 171} compare Arabic Zuhal = Saturn).