חָכָם
Engelsk wise
I GT 138 gange i den hebraiske tekst (BHSA)
Brown-Driver-Briggs
חָכָם adjective wise, ׳ח 5 Mos 4,6 + 67 t.; construct חֲכַם Es 3,3 + 9 t.; plural חֲכָמִים 5 Mos 1,13 + 39 t.; construct חַכְמֵי 2 Mos 28,3 + 4 t.; suffix חֲכָמֶיךָ Es 19,12 etc. + 8 t.; feminine חֲכָמָה 2 Sam 14,2; 2 Sam 20,16 construct חַכְמַת 2 Mos 35,25 plural חֲכָמוֺת Jer 9,16 construct חַכְמוֺת Dom 5,29; Ord 14,1(but read חָכְמוֺת De) —
1. skilful in technical work; artificers Es 3,3 sailors Ezk 27,8, so (probably) vEzk 27,9 mourning women Jer 9,16 artisans of tabernacle and temple and their furniture 2 Mos 28,3; 2 Mos 31,6; 2 Mos 35,10; 2 Mos 36,1; 2 Mos 36,2; 2 Mos 36,4; 2 Mos 36,8 (P), 1 Kron 22,15; 2 Kron 2,6; 2 Kron 2,12; 2 Kron 2,13 (twice in verse); women in spinning 2 Mos 35,25 (P); goldsmiths and other artisans Jer 10,9 makers of idol-images Es 40,20.
2. wise in the administration of affairs: Joseph in Egypt 1 Mos 41,33; 1 Mos 41,39 (E); heads of tribes 5 Mos 1,13; 5 Mos 1,15; Dom 16,19 David 2 Sam 14,20, of Solomon 1 Kong 2,9; 1 Kong 3,12; 1 Kong 5,21 = 2 Kron 2,11 the prince of Tyre, in satire Ezk 28,3 of kings in general Ord 20,26 class of political advisers of Judah Es 29,14; Jer 18,18, apparently also Es 5,21 of Egypt Es 19,11 (twice in verse); Es 19,12, Edom Ob 1,8, the nations Jer 10,7 so of God Es 31,2.
3. shrewd, crafty, cunning: Jonadab 2 Sam 13,3 the princesses Dom 5,29 אשׁה חכמה wise woman 2 Sam 14,2; 2 Sam 20,16 generally, Jer 9,22 intelligent animals Ord 30,24 בערמם ׳לכד ח taking the cunning in their craft Job 5,13 חכם בעיני wise in one's own eyes Ord 3,7; Ord 26,5; Ord 26,12; Ord 26,16; Ord 28,11 חכמי לב wise of mind (in their own mind) Job 37,24.
4. plural class of learned and shrewd men, including astrologers, magicians and the like, of Egypt 1 Mos 41,8 (E), 2 Mos 7,11 (P; compare Es 19,11 (twice in verse); Es 19,12); Babylon Es 44,25; Jer 50,35; Jer 51,57 Persia Est 1,13; Est 6,13.
5. prudent, towards king Ord 16,14 in controversies Ord 11,29; Ord 29,8; Ord 29,9; Ord 29,11 religious affairs Hos 13,13; Hos 14,10; Jer 4,22; Jer 8,8; Jer 8,9; 5 Mos 4,6; 5 Mos 32,6; Sl 107,43 אישׁ ׳ח Jer 9,11.
6. wise, ethically and religiously,. in Wisdom Literature:
\ \ a. as adjective, חֲכַם לֵב wise of mind Ord 10,8; Ord 16,21 לֵב חָכָם Praed 8,5 of the son Ord 10,1 = Ord 15,20; Ord 13,1; Ord 23,24; Praed 2,19 ׳ילד ח Praed 4,13 wise boy; ׳גבר ח Job 34,34 wise man; ׳מוכיח ח wise reprover Ord 25,12.
\ \ b. = substantive: (1) as a wise learner in school of wisdom, he fears God and departs from evil Ord 14,16 is silent Ord 17,28 hearkens to counsel Ord 12,15 hears and increases in learning Ord 1,5 his ear seeketh knowledge Ord 18,15 he receives it Ord 21,11 and stores it up Ord 10,14 his ears hearken to the reproof which giveth life Ord 15,31 and he becomes wiser through it Ord 9,8; Ord 9,9. (2) as a wise teacher, a sage, he does not answer with windy knowledge Job 15,2 he tells the experience of the past Job 15,48 has knowledge Job 34,2 teaches it Praed 12,9 disperses it Ord 15,7 his tongue is health Ord 12,18 it utters knowledge aright Ord 15,2 his mind instructs his mouth and adds learning to his lips Ord 16,23 his words are gracious Praed 10,12 it is good to hear his rebuke Praed 7,5 his instruction is a fountain of life Ord 13,14 one walking with him becomes wiser Ord 13,20. The חכמים recall the Greek σόφοι, having their schools, pupils (בֵן), discipline (מוּסָר), principles and collections of wisdom, דברי חכמים Ord 1,6; Ord 22,17 (compare Ord 24,23), Praed 9,17; Praed 12,11 God himself is חכם לבב Job 9,4. (3) the wise are prosperous: true, in sceptical view of Ecclesiastes, they have no advantage over the fool Praed 6,8 but die as the fool Praed 2,16 (twice in verse); Sl 49,11 they will not be able to find the works of God Praed 8,17 like others are in the hands of God Praed 9,1 they do not secure bread Praed 9,11 but elsewhere reverse is true: precious treasure is in his dwelling Ord 21,20 his lips preserve him Ord 14,3 they inherit glory Ord 3,35 wealth is their crown Ord 14,24 the wise man is strong Ord 24,5; Praed 7,19 his eyes are in his head Praed 2,14 his mind is at his right hand Praed 10,2 he interprets things Praed 8,1 (4) the wise man is a blessing to others: he wins men Ord 11,30 scales the city of the mighty Ord 21,22 though poor he delivers the city Praed 9,15 is a reproof to scorners Ord 15,12 his mind is in the house of mourning Praed 7,4 injustice makes him foolish Praed 7,7 Job finds no wise men among his cruel friends Job 17,10.
\ \ a. as adjective, חֲכַם לֵב wise of mind Ord 10,8; Ord 16,21 לֵב חָכָם Praed 8,5 of the son Ord 10,1 = Ord 15,20; Ord 13,1; Ord 23,24; Praed 2,19 ׳ילד ח Praed 4,13 wise boy; ׳גבר ח Job 34,34 wise man; ׳מוכיח ח wise reprover Ord 25,12.
\ \ b. = substantive: (1) as a wise learner in school of wisdom, he fears God and departs from evil Ord 14,16 is silent Ord 17,28 hearkens to counsel Ord 12,15 hears and increases in learning Ord 1,5 his ear seeketh knowledge Ord 18,15 he receives it Ord 21,11 and stores it up Ord 10,14 his ears hearken to the reproof which giveth life Ord 15,31 and he becomes wiser through it Ord 9,8; Ord 9,9. (2) as a wise teacher, a sage, he does not answer with windy knowledge Job 15,2 he tells the experience of the past Job 15,48 has knowledge Job 34,2 teaches it Praed 12,9 disperses it Ord 15,7 his tongue is health Ord 12,18 it utters knowledge aright Ord 15,2 his mind instructs his mouth and adds learning to his lips Ord 16,23 his words are gracious Praed 10,12 it is good to hear his rebuke Praed 7,5 his instruction is a fountain of life Ord 13,14 one walking with him becomes wiser Ord 13,20. The חכמים recall the Greek σόφοι, having their schools, pupils (בֵן), discipline (מוּסָר), principles and collections of wisdom, דברי חכמים Ord 1,6; Ord 22,17 (compare Ord 24,23), Praed 9,17; Praed 12,11 God himself is חכם לבב Job 9,4. (3) the wise are prosperous: true, in sceptical view of Ecclesiastes, they have no advantage over the fool Praed 6,8 but die as the fool Praed 2,16 (twice in verse); Sl 49,11 they will not be able to find the works of God Praed 8,17 like others are in the hands of God Praed 9,1 they do not secure bread Praed 9,11 but elsewhere reverse is true: precious treasure is in his dwelling Ord 21,20 his lips preserve him Ord 14,3 they inherit glory Ord 3,35 wealth is their crown Ord 14,24 the wise man is strong Ord 24,5; Praed 7,19 his eyes are in his head Praed 2,14 his mind is at his right hand Praed 10,2 he interprets things Praed 8,1 (4) the wise man is a blessing to others: he wins men Ord 11,30 scales the city of the mighty Ord 21,22 though poor he delivers the city Praed 9,15 is a reproof to scorners Ord 15,12 his mind is in the house of mourning Praed 7,4 injustice makes him foolish Praed 7,7 Job finds no wise men among his cruel friends Job 17,10.
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חַכִּים BDB9525 · aramaisk
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Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.