חֹדֶשׁ

1. new moon = day, time, of new moon, as religious festival 1 Sam 20,5; 1 Sam 20,18; 1 Sam 20,24; 1 Sam 20,27; 1 Sam 20,34 (Dr); compare ׳יאֹכְלֵם ח Hos 5,7 a new moon shall devour them, Hi St VB, but on text see We; usually || שַׁבָּת Amos 8,5; 2 Kong 4,23; Es 1,13 (+ קְרֹא מִקְרָא), מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Es 66,23, Ezk 46,1; Ezk 46,6 (both ׳יוֺם הַח), 1 Kron 23,31; 2 Kron 2,3; 2 Kron 8,13; 2 Kron 31,3; Neh 10,34 (all + מוֺעֵד), Hos 2,13; Ezk 45,17 (both + חג, מועד); || מוֺעֵד alone Es 1,14; Ezk 3,5 || יוֺם חַגֵּנוּ Sl 81,4 (compare ׳ראֹשׁ הַח 4 Mos 10,10; 4 Mos 28,11 on religious observance of new moon compare Di^{Lv p. 578 f} Benz^{Archäol. § 69}); as time of augury in Babylon (astrological prognostication) Es 47,13.

2. month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; compare Benz^{Archäol. § 30}, but then, without reference to day of beginning);
\ \ a. as measure of time during which 1 Mos 38,24 (J), 4 Mos 11,20; 4 Mos 11,21 (JE), 4 Mos 9,22 (P), Dom 11,37; Dom 11,38; Dom 11,39; Dom 20,47; 1 Sam 6,1; 1 Sam 27,7; 2 Sam 2,11; 2 Sam 5,5; 2 Sam 6,11; 2 Sam 24,8; 2 Sam 24,13 = 1 Kron 21,12; Amos 4,7; 1 Kong 4,7; 1 Kong 5,7; 1 Kong 5,28 (3 t. in verse); 1 Kong 11,16; 2 Kong 15,8; 2 Kong 23,31; 2 Kong 24,8; Ezk 39,12; Ezk 39,14; 1 Kron 3,4; 1 Kron 13,14; 2 Kron 36,2; 2 Kron 36,9; Est 2,12 (3 t. in verse). In 1 Sam 10,27b read probably כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ for ᵑ0 כמחרישׁ, and join to 1 Sam 11,1, so ᵐ5 We Dr (compare 1 Mos 38,24); in combinations, יָמִים ׳ח a month (of) time (compare יֶרַח ימים 5 Mos 21,1; 2 Kong 15,13) 1 Mos 29,14 (J), 4 Mos 11,20; 4 Mos 11,26 (JE), ׳ימים ארבעה ח Dom 19,2 of age ׳מִסְפַּרחֿ number of his months =length of his life Job 14,5; Job 21,21 compare especially ׳בֶּןחֿ 3 Mos 27,6; 4 Mos 3,15; 4 Mos 3,22; 4 Mos 3,28; 4 Mos 3,34; 4 Mos 3,39; 4 Mos 3,40; 4 Mos 3,43; 4 Mos 18,16; 4 Mos 26,22 (all P).
\ \ b. calendar months, (1) with names הָאָבִיב ׳ח 2 Mos 13,4; 2 Mos 23,15; 2 Mos 34,18 (twice in verse) (all J E; = 1st month 2 Mos 12,2 P), 5 Mos 16,11 זִו ׳ח 1 Kong 6,1 ( = 2nd mo. ib.; = יֶרַח זִו v1 Kong 6,37); compare 1 Kong 8,2 (הַשְּׁבִיעִי ׳הַח = יֶרַךְ הָאֵתָנִים), 1 Kong 6,38 (הַשְּׁמִינִי ׳הַח = יֶרַח בּוּל); in the post-exilic books occur Babylonian names (see the several words): — נִיסָן ׳ח Neh 2,1; Est 3,7 ( = 1st mo. Est 3,7); סִיוָן ׳ח Est 8,9 = 3rd mo.; כִּסְלֵו ׳ח Zak 7,1; Neh 1,1 ( = 9th mo. Zak 7,1); טֵבֵ֑ת ׳ח Est 2,16 = 10th mo.; שְׁבָט ׳ח Zak 1,7 = 11th mo.; אֲדָר ׳ח Est 3,7; Est 3,13; Est 8,12; Est 9,1 in all = 12th mo., Est 9,15; Est 9,17; Est 9,19; Est 9,21 (compare also אֱלוּל Neh 6,15, without ׳ח or יֶרַךְ; this was 6th mo.; see further Schr^{COT Neh 1,1} Benz^l.c.). (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) e.g. הַשֵּׁנִי ׳בַּח 1 Mos 7,11, compare 1 Mos 8,4; 1 Mos 8,5; 1 Mos 8,14; 3 Mos 16,29; 4 Mos 1,1; 4 Mos 1,18 (all P) + often P; 5 Mos 1,3 (P), 1 Kong 12,32; 1 Kong 12,33; 1 Kong 25,1; 1 Kong 25,3; 1 Kong 25,8; 1 Kong 25,25; 1 Kong 25,27; + 11 t. Jeremiah; Ezk 24,1; Ezk 32,1; Hag 1,1; Hag 1,15; Zak 1,1; Zak 7,1; Zak 7,13; 1 Kron 12,15, compare entire list 1 Kron 27,2–15; 2 Kron 3,2 + 12 t. 2 Chronicles; Ezr 3,1 + 10 t. Ezra; Neh 7,72; Neh 8,2; Neh 8,14; Est 3,12 note especially הַזֶּה לָכֶם ראֹשׁ חָדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁוֺן הוּא לָכֶם ׳הַח 2 Mos 12,2 (P), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ׳ח, e.g. בָּרִאשׁוֺן = ׳הָר ׳בַּח 1 Mos 8,13, compare v1 Mos 8,5 so commonly in Ezek.: — Ezk 1,1; Ezk 8,1; Ezk 20,1; Ezk 29,1; Ezk 29,17; Ezk 30,20; Ezk 31,1; Ezk 33,21; Ezk 45,18; Ezk 45,21; Ezk 45,25 + Ezk 26,1; Ezk 32,17; Ezk 45,20 Co; (׳ח sometimes expressed, see Ezk 24,1; Ezk 32,1 above; on like usage with יום see יום). (3) special phrases and usages are: — עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ לְחָדְשֵׁי שָׁנָה 4 Mos 28,14 (P; compare יום, and Es 66,23 above

1.); מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְחֹדֶשׁ Est 3,7 from day to day and from month to month; חָדְשָׁהּ Jer 2,24 of wild she-ass's mating time.