חָטָא

Qal Perfect ׳ח 2 Mos 32,31 + 29: t., 3 feminine singular חָֽטְאָה 3 Mos 5,15; Klg 1,8, חָטָֽאָה Jer 50,14; Ezk 16,15, חָטָאת 2 Mos 5,16, etc., + 82 t. Perfect; Imperfect יֶחֱטָא 3 Mos 4,3 + 12 t., תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ 2 Mos 20,20; Sl 4,5, etc. + 20 t. Imperfect; Infinitive חֲטֹא Ezk 3,21 + 8 t., מֵחֲטוֺא Sl 39,2, מֵחֲטוֺ (text error for מחטא) 1 Mos 20,6, בְּחֶטְאָה 4 Mos 15,28, חֲטאֹתוֺ Ezk 33,12 (strike out Co); Participle חוֺטֵא Ord 13,22 + 6 t., חֹטֵא Es 1,4; Praed 9,2, חוֺטֶא Es 65,20 + 2 t., חֹטֶא Praed 8,12, suffix חֹטְאִי Ord 8,36, plural חֹטִ֯אֿים 1 Sam 14,33, suffix חֹטֵאת Ezk 18,4; Ezk 18,20 —

1. miss: לא תחטא thou shalt not miss anything Job 5,24, אָץ בְּרַגְּלַיִם חוֺטֵא Ord 19,2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹטְאִי חֹמֵסנַפְשׁוֺ Ord 8,36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself (opposed to מֹצְאִי); miss, i.e. endanger, one's life Ord 20,2; Hab 2,10 according to De VB (others below 3 q. v.)

2. sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty:
\ \ a. against man, absolute 2 Mos 5,16 (E), 1 Sam 26,21; 2 Sam 19,21; 1 Kong 18,9; 2 Kong 18,14 with לְ of the person against whom or towards whom one sins, 1 Mos 40,1 (E), Dom 11,27; 1 Sam 2,25; 1 Sam 19,4; 1 Sam 24,12, 1 Kong 8,31 = 2 Kron 6,22 מה חטאתי לך wherein have I sinned against thee ? 1 Mos 20,9 (E) Jer 37,18 with בְּ, אל תחטאו בילד 1 Mos 42,22 (E) do not sin against the lad, against David 1 Sam 19,4; 1 Sam 19,5.
\ \ b. elsewhere always against God, absolute 2 Mos 20,20 (E), 2 Mos 9,34 (J) Jos 7,11 (D) 3 Mos 4,3; 3 Mos 5,1; 3 Mos 5,11; 3 Mos 5,17 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 5,21; 3 Mos 5,23; 4 Mos 16,22 (P), Neh 6,13; Job 1,5; Job 1,22; Job 7,20; Job 10,14; Job 24,19; Job 35,6; Sl 4,5; Sl 78,32; Es 43,27; Es 64,4; Jer 2,35; Klg 5,7; Ezk 3,21 (twice in verse); Ezk 16,51; Ezk 28,16; Ezk 33,12; Hos 8,11 (strike out We ^{Kl. Proph}.) vHos 8,11; Hos 10,9; Hos 13,2 לא נתתי לחטא חכי I have not permitted my palate to sin Job 31,30 Participle חֹטֵא, used as adjective, sinful nation Es 1,4 sinful person Ezk 18,4; Ezk 18,20 but usually as noun, sinner Ord 11,31; Ord 13,22; Ord 14,21; Praed 2,26; Praed 7,26; Praed 8,12; Praed 9,2; Praed 9,18; Es 65,20. Sin is confessed: חָטָאנוּ we have sinned 4 Mos 14,40; 4 Mos 21,7 (E) Dom 10,15; 1 Sam 12,10; 1 Kong 8,47 = 2 Kron 6,37; Neh 1,6; Sl 106,6; Klg 5,16; Dan 9,5; Dan 9,15 חטאתי I have sinned 2 Mos 9,27; 4 Mos 22,34 (J) 1 Sam 15,24; 1 Sam 15,30; 2 Sam 24,10; 2 Sam 24,17; 1 Kron 21,8; 1 Kron 21,17; Job 33,27. Sin is universal: אין אדם אשׁר לא יחטא there is no man who sinneth not 1 Kong 8,46 = 2 Kron 6,36, כי אדם אין צדיק בארץ אשׁר יעשׂה טוב ולא יחטא Praed 7,20 for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with לְ, against God 1 Mos 20,6 (E), 1 Mos 39,9 (J), 2 Mos 32,33; 4 Mos 32,33 (both J E), 5 Mos 9,16; 5 Mos 20,18; 1 Sam 2,25; 1 Sam 12,23; 1 Sam 14,33; 1 Sam 14,34; 1 Kong 8,33; 1 Kong 8,35; 1 Kong 8,46; 1 Kong 8,50 = 2 Kron 6,24; 2 Kron 6,26; 2 Kron 6,36; 2 Kron 6,39; 2 Kong 17,7; Hos 4,7; Mik 7,9; Sef 1,17; Jer 40,3; Jer 44,23; Jer 50,7; Jer 50,14; Ezk 14,13; Es 42,24; Job 8,4; Sl 78,17; Sl 119,11; Neh 1,6 in confession חטאתי ל 2 Mos 10,16; Jos 7,20 (J), 2 Sam 12,13; Sl 41,5; Sl 51,6 חטאנו ל 5 Mos 1,41; Dom 10,10; 1 Sam 7,6; Jer 3,25; Jer 8,14; Jer 14,7; Jer 14,20; Dan 9,8; Dan 9,11 with בְּ of instrument, lips Job 2,10, tongue Sl 39,2 wherein Ezk 37,23; 3 Mos 4,23 (P), therein 3 Mos 5,22 (P); ellipsis of בְּ in pharse לי ׳עונם אשׁר ח (their) iniquity wherein they sinned against me Jer 33,8 (twice in verse); בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly 3 Mos 4,2; 3 Mos 4,22; 3 Mos 4,27; 3 Mos 5,15; 4 Mos 15,27; 4 Mos 15,28 (all P); against thy judgements Neh 9,29 with עַל with regard to 3 Mos 5,5; 4 Mos 6,11(P) Neh 13,26 with cognate accusative חֲטָאָה ׳ח 2 Mos 32,30; 2 Mos 32,31 (JE); חַטָּאת ׳אשׁר ח 4 Mos 12,11(J) 3 Mos 4,3; 3 Mos 4,28 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 4,35; 3 Mos 5,6; 3 Mos 5,10; 3 Mos 5,13 (all P) 3 Mos 19,22 (twice in verse) (H), 5 Mos 9,18; 1 Kong 14,16; 1 Kong 14,22; 1 Kong 15,30; 1 Kong 16,13; 1 Kong 16,19; 2 Kong 21,17; Ezk 18,24; Ezk 33,16 ל ׳חטאת אשׁר ח Jer 16,10; Neh 1,6 על ׳חטאת אשׁר ח 3 Mos 4,14 (P); ׳חֵטְא ח Klg 1,8 חֵטְא ׳אשׁר ח 5 Mos 19,15.

3. incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: וחטאתי לך כל הימים 1 Mos 43,9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, compare 1 Mos 44,32 (J); with accusative חוֺטֵא נפשׁ for feiting oneself, one's life Ord 20,2; Hab 2,10 according to most, yet see below

1. — ׳והביא אשׁמו אשׁר ח 3 Mos 5,7 he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin; ׳קרבנו אשׁר ח 3 Mos 5,11 מןהֿקדשׁ ׳את אשׁר ח ישׁלּם v3 Mos 5,16 what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay. Pi`el Perfect חִטֵּא 3 Mos 14,52 suffix חִטְּאוֺ 4 Mos 19,19, חִטֵּאתָ 2 Mos 29,36 + 2 t.; 3 plural חִטְּאוּ Ezk 43,22 (twice in verse); Imperfect יַיְחַטֵּא 3 Mos 8,15 suffix וַיְהַטְּאֵהוּ 3 Mos 9,15, תְּחַטְּאֵנִי Sl 51,9, אֲחַטֶּנָּה 1 Mos 31,39, וַיְחַטְּאוּ 2 Kron 29,24 Infinitive חַטֵּא 3 Mos 14,49; Ezk 43,23 Participle הִמְחַטֵּא 3 Mos 6,19 —

1. bear loss: אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה I bare the loss of it 1 Mos 31,39 (E; lit I let it be missing ? possibly read אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it ?).

2. make a sin-offering: with suffix referring to שׁעיר 3 Mos 9,15 (P); to sin-offering 3 Mos 6,19 (P); על המזבח upon the altar 2 Mos 29,36 (P; not cleanse the altar RV); את דמם המזבחה ׳ח 2 Kron 29,24 made a sin-offering with their blood on the altar.

3. purity from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering on its horns, 3 Mos 8,15 (P), Ezk 43,20; Ezk 43,22 (twice in verse); Ezk 43,23 the sanctuary, by applying to it the blood of the sin-offering Ezk 45,18.

4. purity from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird 3 Mos 14,49; 3 Mos 14,52 (P); a person, by application of then mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer 4 Mos 19,19 (P), by sprinkling with a hyssop spring Sl 51,9. Hiph`il Perfect הֶחֱטִיא 1 Kong 14,16 + 17 t., הֶחֶטִ֯י (Kt error for החטִיא) 2 Kong 13,6 suffix הֶחֱטִיאָם 2 Kong 17,21 plural הֶחֱטִיאוּ 1 Kong 16,13; Neh 13,26 Imperfect יַחֲטִא Dom 20,16; 2 Kong 21,11 תַּחֲטִיא 5 Mos 24,4 וַתַּחֲטִא 1 Kong 16,2; 1 Kong 21,22 plural יַחֲטִיאוּ 2 Mos 23,33 Infinitive הַחֲטִיא Praed 5,5; 1 Kong 16,19; Jer 32,35 (Qr), הַחֲ֯טִי Jer 32,35 (Kt error); Participle plural construct מַחֲטִיאֵי Es 29,21 —

1. miss the mark: קֹלֵעַ בָּאֶבֶן אֶלהַֿשַּׂעְרָה וְלֹא יַחֲטִא Dom 20,16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss.

2. induce or cause to sin: with accusative 2 Mos 23,33(JE), Neh 13,26 elsewhere in the phrase החטיא את ישׂראל (he) caused Israel to sin 1 Kong 14,16; 1 Kong 15,26; 1 Kong 15,30; 1 Kong 15,34; 1 Kong 16,2; 1 Kong 16,13; 1 Kong 16,19; 1 Kong 16,26; 1 Kong 21,22; 1 Kong 22,53; 2 Kong 3,3; 2 Kong 10,29; 2 Kong 10,31; 2 Kong 13,2; 2 Kong 13,6; 2 Kong 13,11; 2 Kong 14,24; 2 Kong 15,9; 2 Kong 15,18; 2 Kong 15,24; 2 Kong 15,28; 2 Kong 23,15 with suffix reference to Israel 2 Kong 17,21 את יהודה 2 Kong 21,11; 2 Kong 21,16; Jer 32,35 (sometimes with 2nd accusative — חטאת, or אשׁר reference to חטאת: — 1 Kong 15,26; 1 Kong 15,34; 1 Kong 16,26; 2 Kong 17,21; 2 Kong 21,16 peob. also 1 Kong 14,16; 1 Kong 15,30; 1 Kong 16,13 no 2nd accusative 1 Kong 16,2; 1 Kong 16,19; 1 Kong 21,22; 1 Kong 22,53; 2 Kong 21,11; 2 Kong 23,15; Jer 32,35 the rest are ambiguous).

3. bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: מחטיאי אדם Es 29,21 who bring a man into condemnation; לא תחטיא את הארץ 5 Mos 24,4 thou shalt not bring the land into guilt; אל תתן אתפֿיך לחטיא אתבֿשׂרך Praed 5,4 do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment. Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְחַטָּא 4 Mos 19,12 + 4 t., יִתְחַטְּאוּ 4 Mos 8,21 יִתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Job 41,17, תִּתְחַטְּאוּ 4 Mos 31,19, תִּתְחַטָּ֑אוּ 4 Mos 31,20 —

1. miss oneself, lose oneself, figurative for be bewildered, beside oneself, מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ Job 41,17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves (|| יגורו are afraid).

2. purity oneself from uncleanness, only in P:
\ \ a. Levites 4 Mos 8,21.
\ \ b. those in contact with thedead 4 Mos 19,12; 4 Mos 19,13; 4 Mos 19,20; 4 Mos 31,19; 4 Mos 31,20 with בְּ, בְּמֵי נִּדָּה 4 Mos 31,23 by a mixture of ashes of the red heifer with fresh water 4 Mos 19,12.