נָבִיא

1. genuine prophet of ׳י, נביא, anciently called רֹאֶה, 1 Sam 9,9 (antiquarian note); change probably occurred in times of Elijah and is first reflected in Ehpraimitic source literally as applied to Abraham 1 Mos 20,7 Moses 5 Mos 34,10, M. and other early prophets. Hos 6,5; Hos 12,11 (twice in verse); Hos 12,14 (twice in verse); Amos 2,11; Amos 2,12 of prophets in ecstatic state 4 Mos 12,6 (E), 4 Mos 11,24 (JE). So in Judaic literature, of prophet like Moses 5 Mos 18,15; 5 Mos 18,18 (D), of Aaron (as mouthpiece of Moses) 2 Mos 7,1 (P), of Samuel 1 Sam 3,20, an unknown Dom 6,8 in time of Samuel prophets were organized in bands: חֶבֶל נביאים ׳להקת הנ 1 Sam 19,20 and in time of Elijah were בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים = members of prophets' guilds 1 Kong 20,35; 2 Kong 2,3; 2 Kong 2,5; 2 Kong 2,7; 2 Kong 2,15; 2 Kong 4,1; 2 Kong 4,38 (twice in verse); נָבִיא of genuine prophets (besides phrases), in Judaic prophets, only Jeremiah, Jer 1,5 Ezekiel, Ezk 2,5 = Ezk 33,33 of ancient prophets Jer 28,8; Jer 28,9 (3 t. in verse); Zak 1,6; Zak 8,9 especially הנביאים הראשׁנים Zak 1,4; Zak 7,7; Zak 7,12, compare הנביאים עבדי(וׅ my (his) servants the prophets 2 Kong 9,7; 2 Kong 17,13; 2 Kong 17,23; 2 Kong 21,10; 2 Kong 24,2 (all R^D) Ezr 9,11; Jer 7,25; Jer 25,4; Jer 26,5; Jer 29,19; Jer 35,15; Jer 44,4; Amos 3,7; Zak 1,6, compare Ezk 38,17; Dan 9,6 ׳עבדוֺ הַנּ his servant the prophet 1 Kong 14,18; 2 Kong 14,25 הַנָּבִיא with proper name: Jerome, 2 Kron 36,12; Dan 9,2 + 31 t. Jeremiah (but ᵐ5 only 4 t., the rest probably redactional, see Gie^{Jer. xxvii}); Elijah 1 Kong 18,36 (om ᵐ5), 2 Kron 21,12; Mal 3,23 Nathan 2 Sam 7,2 + 10 t. Samuel and Kings; 4 t. Chronicles; Sl 51,2 (title); Isaiah, 2 Kong 19,2; 2 Kong 20,1; 2 Kong 20,14 = Es 37,2; Es 38,1; Es 39,1; 2 Kong 20,11; 2 Kron 26,22; 2 Kron 32,20; 2 Kron 32,32 Habakkuk Hab 1,1; Hab 3,1 (titles); Haggai, Hag 1,1; Hag 1,3; Hag 1,12; Hag 2,1; Hag 2,10 Zechariah, Zak 1,1; Zak 1,7 (titles); elsewhere several others in Samuel, Kings and Chronicles 15 t.; נביא is used elsewhere of genuine prophecy only 1 Sam 9,9 + 34 t. Samuel and Kings; 1 Kron 16,22 = Sl 105,15, + 13 t. Chronicles; Sl 74,9 complains of absence of ׳נ; לַחְתֹּם חָזוֺן וְנָבִיא Dan 9,24 see חתם

2. false prophets: prophets as official class, beside priests, character as false prophets: Es 28,7; Jer 2,26; Jer 4,9; Jer 6,13; Jer 8,1; Jer 8,10; Jer 13,13; Jer 14,18; Jer 18,18; Jer 23,11; Jer 23,33; Jer 23,34; Jer 26,7; Jer 26,8; Jer 26,11; Jer 26,16; Jer 32,32; Zak 7,3, app. also 2 Kong 23,2; Neh 9,32; Klg 2,20; Jer 29,1; Ezk 7,26 (in these not characterized); always false (except of ancient and special prophets given above) in Amos 7,14; Hos 4,5; Hos 9,7; Hos 9,8; Mik 3,5; Mik 3,6; Mik 3,11; Es 3,2; Es 9,14; Es 29,10; Es 5,13; Es 5,31; Es 14,13; Es 14,14; Es 14,15 (twice in verse); Jer 23,9 + 16 t. Jer 27,9; Jer 27,14; Jer 27,15; Jer 27,16; Jer 27,18; Jer 29,8; Jer 29,15; Jer 37,19; Ezk 13,2 (twice in verse); Ezk 13,3; Ezk 13,4; Ezk 13,9; Ezk 13,16; Ezk 14,4; Ezk 14,7; Ezk 14,9 (twice in verse); Ezk 14,10; Ezk 22,25; Ezk 22,28; Sef 3,4; Klg 2,9; Klg 2,14; Klg 4,13 especially discredited 5 Mos 13,2; 5 Mos 13,4; 5 Mos 13,6; 5 Mos 18,20 (twice in verse); 5 Mos 18,22 (twice in verse); Zak 13,2; Zak 13,4; Zak 13,5 such a prophet Hananiah called הַנָּבִיא Jer 28,1; Jer 28,5; Jer 28,10; Jer 28,12; Jer 28,15; Jer 28,17 ( ᵐ5 omits in all but vJer 28,1, where ψευδοπροφήτης). Usage of prophets themselves gives such a bad flavour to נביא, that we are not surprised that it is absent from exilic Isaiah, the Wisdom Literature, and Psalms (except for special reasons in 3 Psalms given under 1).

3. heathen prophets 1 Kong 18,20; 1 Kong 19,1; 2 Kong 3,13 (twice in verse); נביאי האשׁדה 1 Kong 18,19 נביאי הבעל 1 Kong 18,19; 1 Kong 18,22; 1 Kong 18,25; 1 Kong 18,40; 2 Kong 10,19; 1 Kong 22,6; 1 Kong 22,10; 1 Kong 22,12; 1 Kong 22,13; 1 Kong 22,22; 1 Kong 22,23 = 2 Kron 18,5; 2 Kron 18,9; 2 Kron 18,11; 2 Kron 18,12; 2 Kron 18,21; 2 Kron 18,22.