נָפַל

Qal₃₆₆ Perfect ׳נ Dom 5,27 +, 3 feminine singular נָָֽפְלָה 1 Mos 15,12 +, etc.; Imperfect יִפֹּל 1 Sam 14,45 +, וַיִּפֹּל Dom 4,16 +; 1 singular אֶפֹּל 1 Kron 21,13 (needless change from 1 plural נִפְּלָה || 2 Sam 24,14 We Dr); 3 masculine plural יִפְּלוּ Hos 7,16 +, יִפֹּ֑לוּ Es 3,25 +, 3 feminine plural תִּפֹּ֫לְנָה Ezk 13,11; Ezk 30,25, etc.; Imperative masculine plural נִפְלוּ Hos 10,8; Jer 25,27 Infinitive absolute נָפוֺל Est 6,13 construct נְפֹל Es 30,25 +; לִנְפֹּל Jer 51,49 +; suffix נָפְלוֺ 1 Sam 29,3, נִפְלוֺ 2 Sam 1,10, נִפְלָם Jer 49,21 (on these forms compare Ba^{NB 104}); Participle נֹפֵל Dom 4,22 +; feminine נֹפֶ֫לֶת 1 Mos 15,12 +; plural נֹפְלִים Jos 8,25 + (insert also 1 Sam 28,19b ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; Klo כֹּרְעִים), etc.; —

1. fall, by accident, שָֿׁ֫מָּה׳וְנ 2 Mos 21,33 (E) and there fall into it (a pit) an ox or an ass, compare 5 Mos 22,4 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ, on the way),bird עַלפַּֿח Amos 3,5 subject person, 1 Sam 4,18 (from seat, מֵעַל), 5 Mos 22,8 (twice in verse) (from roof, מִן); often into (ב) pit (usually figurative) Ord 26,27; Ord 28,10, also (absolute), Ord 22,14, Praed 10,8; Sl 7,16; Sl 57,7 (בְּתוֺךְ), compare Sl 35,8; Sl 141,10 (net), also, with אֶל, Es 24,18 = Jer 48,44 fall בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ezk 25,27 opposed to קוּם Jer 8,4 compare Praed 4,10 (twice in verse); with אָחוֺר fall backward 1 Mos 49,17 (poem); with בְּעַד through 2 Kong 1,2 compare (of locusts) Joel 2,8 עַלחֶֿרֶב ׳נ causing death 1 Sam 31,4; 1 Sam 31,5 = 1 Kron 10,4; 1 Kron 10,5 עַלפָּֿנָיו אַ֫רְצָה ׳נ 1 Sam 17,49 (Goliath); subject thing, 2 Kong 2,13; 2 Kong 2,14 (מֵעַל), 2 Kong 6,5 (אֶלֿ into water), v2 Kong 6,6 (absolute); with עַל 3 Mos 11,32; 3 Mos 11,35; 3 Mos 11,37; 3 Mos 11,38, אֶלֿ v3 Mos 11,33 absolute of tent Dom 7,13 + vDom 7,13 (gloss, GFM, Bu); of wall Jos 6,5 (JE), Jer 51,44, figurative Ezk 13,11 (strike out ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Sm Co Berthol), vEzk 13,12 vEzk 13,14, לְאֶרֶץ Ezk 38,20 + תַּחְתֶּיהָ i.e. flat Jos 6,20 ׳נ of bricks Es 9,9 (in figurative), פֶּרֶץ Es 30,13 towes vEs 30,25, foundations Jer 50,15 wall fell upon (על) 1 Kong 20,30, so of house Dom 16,30; Job 1,19, mountains Hos 10,8 mountain also absolute Job 14,18 (compare נָבֵל), height Ezk 38,20 tree Praed 11,3 (twice in verse) (ב location), compare Es 10,34 (בְ instrumental, in figure), Zak 11,2 (absolute); branches Ezk 31,12 (figurative); a grain Amos 9,9 (אֶרֶץ = to earth); of dew 2 Sam 17,12 (with על), hailstones Ezk 13,11 blood (אַ֫רְצָה) 1 Sam 26,20 hair of head (ארצה) 1 Sam 14,45; 2 Sam 14,11; 1 Kong 1,52 horns of altar Amos 3,14 (לָאָרֶץ); peg Es 22,25 fruit עַלפֶּֿה Nah 3,12 crown Klg 5,16 arm from (מִן) shoulder Job 31,22 of sword (apparently) 2 Sam 20,8 (but on text see Commentaries); fire from heaven, absolute 1 Kong 18,38 with מִן Job 1,16 ; hand of ׳י Ezk 8,1 (with עַלֿ; but read וַתְּהִי ᵐ5 Co Berthol); spirit of ׳י Ezk 11,5 (עַלֿ); of lot (גּוֺרָל) Ezk 24,6; Jon 1,7 (both with עַל), 1 Kron 26,14 (with לְ; || יָצָא), + Est 3,7 ᵐ5 Ry Wild (עַל); compare Hiph`il 3; hence (of share, inheritance) fall, be allotted, to (לְ) Dom 18,1 (ב = as: בְּ 17 c; so 4 Mos 34,2; Ezk 47,14), Sl 16,6, absolute Jos 17,5. — On Ezk 47,22b see

Hiph`il 3.

2. a. Especially of violent death (c. 96 t.), Dom 5,27 (3 t. in verse) (+ שָׁדוּד), 1 Sam 4,10; 1 Sam 14,13; 2 Sam 11,17; 2 Sam 21,9; 1 Kong 22,20 = 2 Kron 18,9, etc.; + וַיָּמָת, etc.; 2 Sam 1,4; 2 Sam 2,23 (twice in verse); חָלָל ׳נ fall pierced (fatally) Dom 9,40; 1 Sam 17,52; 1 Sam 31,1 = 1 Kron 10,1 +; חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Ezk 35,8 compare בְּתוֺח חֲלָלִים Ezk 32,20 תַּחַת הֲרוּגִים ׳נ Es 10,4 פְּגָרִים ׳נ corpses fall Jer 9,21; 4 Mos 14,29 (P), v4 Mos 14,32 (JE); by the sword, בַּחֶרֶב Amos 7,17; Hos 7,16; Hos 14,1; Es 3,25; 2 Sam 1,12; Ezk 5,12; Ezk 6,11; 4 Mos 14,3; 4 Mos 14,43 (JE), (+ בָּרָעָב, בַּדֶּבֶר), etc.; לְפִי חֶרֶב ׳נ Jos 8,24 (JE), Dom 4,16 ; בְּיַד by the hand of 2 Sam 21,22; 2 Sam 24,14 (twice in verse) = 1 Kron 21,13 (twice in verse), 1 Kron 5,10; 1 Kron 20,8 ; תַּחַת רגליִ ׳נ fall under my feet 2 Sam 22,39 = Sl 18,39.
\ \ b. figurative = go to ruin, perish, etc. (c. 30 t.); Amos 5,2; Amos 8,14 +; often || כָּשַׁל Es 3,8; Es 8,15 (+ other words), Es 31,3; Jer 8,12; Jer 46,12; Jer 50,32; Sl 27,2; Ord 24,17 || כָּרַע Sl 20,9 figurative of earth Es 24,20 (opposed to קוּם), Haman falls before (לִפְנֵי) Mordecai Est 6,13 (twice in verse); compare Es 14,12 (absolute); peculiar to Prov are בְּרִשְׁעָה ׳נ Ord 11,5, בְּרַע Ord 13,17, בְּרָעָה Ord 17,20; Ord 28,14.
\ \ c. figurative = experience calamity Mik 7,8 (opposed to קוּם), Sl 37,34; Sl 145,14; Ord 24,16.
\ \ d. fall, of a city Jer 51,8 (|| וַתִּשָּׁבֵר).

3. a. Fall prostrate, Dom 19,26; Dom 19,27, + אַ֫רְצָה Job 1,20 fall at full length (in a faint) וַיִּפֹּל מְלֹאֿ קוֺמָתוֺ 1 Sam 28,20 sink down 4 Mos 24,4; 4 Mos 24,16 (J E; supernatural influence); of arms of Pharaoh Ezk 30,25 (opposed to חָזַק).
\ \ b. fall = prostrate oneself before (לִפְנֵי) man 1 Mos 50,18 (E), 2 Sam 19,19; 1 Mos 44,14 (J; + אַ֫רְצָה); before ׳י 2 Kron 20,18 אֶלפָּֿנָיו אַ֫רְצָה ׳נ before ׳י or his representative Jos 5,14; Jos 7,6 (both J E); also (ארצה omitted) Ezk 43,3; Ezk 44,4 before man 2 Sam 14,22 more often עַלפָּֿנָיו ׳נ, before man 2 Sam 9,6; 1 Kong 18,7; 1 Kong 18,39; Rut 2,10, before ׳י 1 Mos 17,3; 1 Mos 17,17 + 6 t. P, Ezk 3,23; Ezk 9,8; Ezk 11,13; 1 Kron 21,16; Dan 8,17 + אַ֫רְפָה, before man 2 Sam 14,4, before ׳י Dom 13,20 לְאַפָּיו אַ֫רְצָה 1 Sam 20,41, לְאַפֵּי דָוִד עַלפָּֿנֶיהָ 1 Sam 25,23, ארצה ׳נ 2 Sam 1,2 (all before man); עַלרַֿגְלָיו ׳נ fall at one's feet 1 Sam 25,24; 2 Kong 4,37, ׳לִפְנֵי ר Est 8,3. See synonym below קדד.
\ \ c. fall upon (עַל) one's neck, in embrace 1 Mos 33,4; 1 Mos 46,29 (both J), 1 Mos 45,14 (E), עַלפְּֿנֵי אָבִיו 1 Mos 50,1 (J).

4. a. Fall upon (עַל) = attack Jer 48,32 (figurative), compare Es 16,9 with בְּ Jos 11,7 (D), absolute Job 1,15 אִישׁ אֶלרֵֿעֵהוּ ׳נ Jer 46,16.
\ \ b. desert or fall away to, go over to, with עַלֿ 2 Kong 25,11 (twice in verse) = Jer 52,15 (twice in verse), Jer 21,9; Jer 37,14; Jer 39,9; 1 Kron 12,20; 1 Kron 12,21 (twice in verse) (van d. H. v.1 Kron 12,19 v.1 Kron 12,20 v.1 Kron 12,20), 2 Kron 15,9, with אֶלֿ 2 Kong 7,4; Jer 37,13; Jer 38,19, absolute 1 Sam 29,3; Jer 39,9.
\ \ c. בְּיַד ׳נ fall into the hand (power) of Dom 15,18; Klg 1,7: — compare also

2. a. above

5. Figurative, of deep sleep, with עַל 1 Mos 15,12 (J), 1 Sam 26,12; Job 4,13; Job 33,15 face, countenance (in displeasure) 1 Mos 4,5; 1 Mos 4,6 (J); לֵב אָדָם עָלָיו ׳נ 1 Sam 17,32 (of sinking heart); וַיִּפְּלוּ בְעֵינֵיהֶם) Neh 6,16 and they were cast down in their (own) eyes (compare BeRy, Ryle); of calamity followed by עַלֿ Es 47,11; Praed 9,12 terror, etc., followed by עַלֿ 1 Mos 15,12 (J), Jos 2,9 (JE), 2 Mos 15,16 (song), 1 Sam 11,7; Job 13,11; Sl 55,5; Sl 105,38; Est 8,17; Est 9,2; Est 9,3; Dan 10,7 reproach, followed by עַלֿ Sl 69,10 = fail to be accomplished Jos 21,43; Jos 23,14 (twice in verse) (all D), 1 Kong 8,56; 2 Kong 10,10 (+ אַ֫רְצָה); = not to be reckoned 4 Mos 6,12 (P); of word (דָּבָר) falling into (ב) Israel Es 9,7 = fall out, turn out, result Rut 3,18 (subject דָּבָר).

6. Other idiomatic uses are: לְמִשְׁכָּב ׳נ take to one's bed 2 Mos 21,18 (E); settle 1 Mos 25,18 (J); = alight quickly, מֵעַל הַגָּמָל 1 Mos 24,64 (J), מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה 2 Kong 5,21 waste away 4 Mos 5,21; 4 Mos 5,22; 4 Mos 5,27 = be born Es 26,18 (compare Hiph`il vEs 26,19); = be offered, of supplication (׳לִפְנֵי י) Jer 36,7; Jer 37,20; Jer 42,2 (compare Hiph`il 6); with מִן = be inferior to Job 12,3; Job 13,2.

7. = lie, of Midianites, etc. (like locusts; ב location) Dom 9,12 = lie prostrate, 1 Sam 19,24 usually participle Jos 7,10 (J E; עַלפָּֿנֶיךָ), 1 Sam 5,3; 1 Sam 5,4 (לְפָנָיו), Amos 9,11, עַלהַֿמִּטָּה Est 7,8 of the dead 1 Sam 31,8 = 1 Kron 10,8; 5 Mos 21,1; Ezk 32,27 (Co conjecture נְפִילִים [compare 1 Mos 6,4], see also Berthol Toy^Hpt); נֹפֵל אַ֫רְצָה מֵת Dom 3,25 compare Dom 4,22 (omit ארצה); אַ֫רְצָה ׳פְּגָרִים נ 2 Kron 20,24 compare also Ezk 32,22; Ezk 32,23; Ezk 32,24 (strike out in vEzk 32,22 Hi Co Berthol, in vEzk 32,23 Toy^Hpt). Hiph`il Perfect הִפִּיל 1 Sam 3,19 +; 2 masculine singular suffix הִפַּלְתָּם Sl 73,18 3 plural הִפִּילוּ Dom 2,19 +; 1 plural הִפַּלְנוּ Neh 10,35, etc.; Imperfect יַפִּיל 2 Mos 21,27, וַיַּפֵּל 1 Mos 2,21 +, suffix יַפִּלֵם Sl 140,11 3 masculine plural יַפִּילוּ 2 Kong 3,25; Sl 22,19, יַפִּיל֑וּן Job 29,24, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix הַפִּלֶהָ Jos 13,6 masculine plural הַפִּילוּ 1 Sam 14,42 Infinitive construct לְהַפִּיל 1 Sam 18,25 +; לַנְפִּל 4 Mos 5,22 read לִנְפֹּל (Di Ol^{§ 78 c} Sta^{§ 114 a, 2} Kö^{i. 309} Ges^{«GKC:66»§ 66}, 2 R 1); Participle מַפִּיל 2 Kong 6,5 + 2 t., plural מַפִּילִים Dan 9,18 —

1. cause to fall, with accusative, literally:
\ \ a. fell tree 2 Kong 3,19; 2 Kong 3,25 compare 2 Kong 6,5.
\ \ b. throw down wall 2 Sam 20,15.
\ \ c. knock out tooth 2 Mos 21,27 (E).
\ \ d. lay prostrate 5 Mos 25,2 (for bastinado).
\ \ e. cast (cedar pillars) into (עַלֿ) fire Jer 22,7 so (with ב), wicked men Sl 140,11. feminine make sword drop from (מִן) hand Ezk 30,22 (figurative), compare Ezk 39,3.
\ \ g. cause stone to fall עַל 4 Mos 35,23, flesh Sl 78,28 (בְּקֶרֶב), stars Dan 8,10 (in vision).

2. Of causing death בַּחֶרֶב 2 Kong 19,7 = Es 37,7; Jer 19,7; Ezk 32,12 (all ׳י subject), 2 Kron 32,21 (human subject); בְּיַד 1 Sam 18,25 + חֲלָלִים Ezk 6,4; Ord 7,26 also Sl 106,26; Dan 11,12 = overthrow, bring to destruction, Sl 37,14; Sl 73,18 (with ל), Sl 106,27.

3. Especially of casting lot (גּוֺרָל), Es 34,17 (with לְ for), Neh 10,35 (with עַל + infinitive), Neh 11,1 (c. infinitive), 1 Kron 26,14 (with לְ; so read Kit^Hpt compare ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Be Öttli), Sl 22,19 (with עַל), Est 9,24 (c. infinitive); absolute Jon 1,7 (twice in verse); 1 Kron 24,31; 1 Kron 25,8; 1 Kron 26,13; Est 3,7 + בְּתוֺכֵנוּ Ord 1,14 (i.e. share with us); omitted גּוֺרָל 1 Sam 14,32 (with בֵּין), Job 6,27 (with עַל); hence ׳הִפּ = assign, apportion, by lot, usually with לְ person, Jos 13,6; Jos 23,4 (both D), Ezk 45,1; Ezk 47,22 a = vEzk 47,22 b (read יַפִּילוּ ᵑ9 ᵑ7 Hi-Sm Co Berthol), Ezk 48,29 (read בְנַחֲלָה for ׳מנ ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Hi-Sm, etc.), Sl 78,55 (compare Qal 1 end; and בְּ 17 c).

4. Figurative, let drop, cause to fail (cf Qal 5), Dom 2,19; Est 6,10, + אַ֫רְצָה 1 Sam 3,19.

5. Cause deep sleep to fall (עַלֿ) 1 Mos 2,21 (J), Ord 19,15 (absolute), make countenance fall, look displeased at (ב), Jer 3,12, compare Job 29,24 (object אוֺר פָּנַי); cause terror, etc., to fall (עַלֿ) Jer 15,8.

6. Other idioms are: bring to life (properly drop young) Es 26,19 (figurative); present supplication Jer 38,26; Jer 42,9; Dan 9,18; Dan 9,20 (all with לִפְנֵי); — on both compare

Qal 6. Hithpa`el throw, or prostrate oneself,

1. Infinitive construct הִתְנַפֵּל throw himself upon (על) 1 Mos 43,18 (J; i.e. attack).

2. Perfect 1 singular הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי 5 Mos 9,25 Imperfect 1 singular וָאֶתְנַפַּל 5 Mos 9,18; 5 Mos 9,25 Participle מִתְנַפֵּל Ezr 10,1 — prostrate oneself and lie prostrate, ׳לִפְנֵי י. —

Pil`el. וְנִפְלַל Ezk 28,23, read וְנָפַל Hi-Sm Co Berthol.