חָרַם

châram Strong H2763 udsagnsord

Engelsk ban, devote, exterminate

I GT 52 gange i den hebraiske tekst (BHSA)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

I. [חָרַם] verb Hiph`il ban, devote, exterminate (MI¹⁷ החרמתה of devoting, dedicating a city to Chemosh, in clause with כי explaining massacre of all inhabitants; the altar-hearth of ׳י there was dragged before Chemosh; be prohibited, forbidden, unlawful, become sacred; II. make, pronounce sacred, inviolable; Ethiopic prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palmyrene חרם = consacrÈ Vog^{No 35}; Nabataean id., Eut^{p. 28}; Sabean מחרם sanctuary, temple, Os^{ZMG 1865, 176. 252}, חרמתן DHM^{ZMG 1875, 594}; Aramaic אַחֲרִים, and especially anathematize, excommunicate; see also We^{Skizzen iii, 165}, Dr^{Sm 100 ff.}, RS^{Semitic i. 140} (150)) — Hiph`il Perfect הֶהֱרִים Jos 8,26 + 5 t.; הֶחֱרִם Jos 10,28 2 masculine singular וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ֫ה 1 Sam 15,18 1 singular הֶחֱרַמְתִּי 1 Sam 15,20 וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ֫י 4 Mos 21,2 2 feminine singular וְהַחֲרַמְתְּ(יׅ consecutive Mik 4,13 (so ᵐ5 ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 RV most; ᵑ0 1 singular), see Ges^{«GKC:44»§ 44}, R. 4; plural הֶחֱרִימוּ 1 Sam 15,9; 2 Kron 32,14 etc.; (1 Sam 15,3 read והחרמתו ᵐ5 We Dr); Imperfect יַחֲרִם 3 Mos 27,28 וַיַּחֲרֵם 4 Mos 21,3; Jos 10,37 suffix וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ Jos 10,1 1 plural וַנַּחֲרֵם 5 Mos 2,34; 5 Mos 3,6 etc.; Imperative הַחֲרֵם 5 Mos 13,16 plural הַחֲרִימוּ Jer 51,3 suffix הַחֲרִימוּהָ Jer 50,26 Infinitive absolute הַחֲרֵם 5 Mos 3,6 + 4 t.; construct הַחֲרִים 2 Kron 20,23; Dan 11,44 suffix הַחֲרִימָם Jos 11,20 + 4 t.; — ban, devote (especially religiously, followed by objects hostile to the theocracy [see especially 2 Mos 22,19 Hoph`al]; this involved generally their destruction; when a city was 'devoted' the inhabitants were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not according to the gravity of the occasion [contrast Jos 6,17; Jos 6,21; 1 Sam 15,3 with 5 Mos 2,34f. 5 Mos 3,6; 5 Mos 3,7], compare MI¹⁷ לעשתר כמש החרמתה to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it, i.e. the city Nebo); —

1. most often of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Israel, exterminating inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions:
\ \ a. Israel and her leaders subject 4 Mos 21,2; 4 Mos 21,3 (destruction according to vow), Jos 6,21 (compare חֵרֶם ליהוה vJos 6,17 all J); in vJos 6,18 read תַּחְמְדוּ (for ᵑ0 תַּחֲרִימוּ, see Di VB); Jos 8,26 (ᵐ5, not ᵐ5^L, omit verse), Jos 10,1 (JE), 5 Mos 2,34; 5 Mos 3,6 (twice in verse); 5 Mos 7,2 (twice in verse) (commanded through Moses, compare for underlying thought v5 Mos 7,4 v5 Mos 7,5 v5 Mos 7,6), 5 Mos 20,17 (twice in verse) (commanded by ׳י), Jos 2,10; Jos 10,28; Jos 10,35; Jos 10,37; Jos 10,39; Jos 10,40 (divine command), Jos 11,11; Jos 11,12; Jos 11,20; Jos 11,21 (divine command vJos 11,12 vJos 11,20 all D), 1 Sam 15,3; 1 Sam 15,8; 1 Sam 15,9 (twice in verse); 1 Sam 15,15; 1 Sam 15,18; 1 Sam 15,20 (divine command v1 Sam 15,3 v1 Sam 15,18 v1 Sam 15,20, compare v1 Sam 15,11 v1 Sam 15,22 v1 Sam 15,23); quite secondary is simple exterminate 1 Kong 9,21; 1 Kron 4,41.
\ \ b. secondary meaning destroy, exterminate, also with other nations subject: — 2 Kong 19,11 = Es 37,11 = 2 Kron 32,14; 2 Kron 20,23; Jer 50,21; Jer 50,26 (both by divine command), Jer 51,3; Dan 11,44.
\ \ c. God as subject, figurative all nations and their armies Es 34,2 the nations of Western Asia Jer 25,9 the tongue of the Egyptian sea (by drying it up) Es 11,15 (but read perhaps החריב with ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7).
\ \ d. so also of devoting even Israelites: a city of Israel for worshipping other gods 5 Mos 13,16 residents of Jabesh-Gilead for not joining in campaign against Benjamin Dom 21,11.

2. devote to ׳י: for sacred uses החרים ליהוה the spoil of the nations Mik 4,13 private possessions, whether a man, animal, or field 3 Mos 27,28 (P). Hoph`al Imperfect יָחֳרַם 3 Mos 27,29; Ezr 10,8 יָחֳרָ֑ם 2 Mos 22,19 —

1. be put under the ban, devoted (to death), for worshipping other gods than ׳י 2 Mos 22,19 (J E; earliest use of word in OT); for some other theocratic offence 3 Mos 27,29 (P; see Di).

2. devoted, i.e. forfeited, to the temple treasures Ezr 10,8. — On חרם see especially Di (Kn) 3 Mos 27,28 Ew^{Antiq. 75. 78}, Dr 1 Sam 15,33.

Flere artikler i BDB med samme Strong-nummer

חָרַם BDB3133

II. [חָרַם] verb slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate, especially face (Arabic perforate, pierce, slit the partition between the nostrils, or the lip, or the lobe of the ear) —

Qal Passive participle אִישׁ עִוֵּר אוֺ פִּסֵּחַ אוֺ חָרֻם אוֺ שָׂרוּעַ a man blind or lame or mutilated in the face (in nose, lip, ear, etc.), or too long in a limb 3 Mos 21,18 (H), see Di (Kn).

Forekomster pr. bog

2 Mos 1 3 Mos 3 4 Mos 2 5 Mos 5 Jos 14 Dom 2 1 Sam 6 1 Kong 1 2 Kong 1 1 Kron 1 2 Kron 2 Ezr 1 Es 3 Jer 4 Dan 1 Mik 1

Alle 48 vers

Versnumrene følger den hebraiske tekst og kan i enkelte bøger (fx Salmerne) afvige med et vers fra de danske.

Josvas Bog

Dommernes Bog

1 17
21 11

1. Samuelsbog

15 3 8 9 15 18 20

1. Kongebog

9 21

2. Kongebog

19 11

1. Krønikebog

4 41

2. Krønikebog

20 23
32 14

Ezras Bog

10 8

Esajas' Bog

Jeremias' Bog

25 9
50 21 26
51 3

Daniels Bog

11 44

Mikas Bog

4 13

Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.