חָזַק

Qal Perfect ׳ח 1 Mos 41,57 + 4 t.; חָזָק֑ 2 Kron 26,15 suffix חֲזָקוֺ 2 Kron 28,20, etc.; Imperfect יֶהֱז֑ק 2 Kron 28,7 (Baer) + 2 t.; וַיֶּחֱזַק 1 Mos 41,56 +; יֶחֶזְקוּ 2 Sam 10,11 + 2 t.; יֶחְזְקוּ Es 28,22 Imperative חֲזַק 5 Mos 12,23 +; חִזְקוּ 5 Mos 31,6 +; Infinitive construct לְחָזְקָה 2 Kong 12,13 suffix לְחָזְקָהּ Ezk 30,21 Participle חָזֵק 2 Mos 19,19; 2 Sam 3,1, etc.; — I. intransitive be or grow strong: —

1. a. of physical strength of hands Dom 7,11; 2 Sam 2,7; 2 Sam 16,21; Ezk 22,14; Zak 8,9; Zak 8,13 (on Ezk 3,14 see below); of arm, followed by infinitive Ezk 30,21 used of recovery from illness Es 39,1 followed by מִן of comparison over power 1 Sam 17,50 (with בְּ instrumental), 2 Sam 13,14.
\ \ b. of people, army 5 Mos 11,8; Jos 17,13 (JE), = Dom 1,28; Ezr 9,12 followed by מִן comparative be stronger than, too strong for, prevail against 2 Sam 10,11 (twice in verse) = 1 Kron 19,12 (twice in verse); 1 Kong 20,23; 1 Kong 20,25 id., followed by accusative 1 Kong 16,22, compare of ׳י as prevailing over man Jer 20,7 (|| יָכֹל); followed by על 2 Kron 8,3; 2 Kron 27,5.
\ \ c. of royal power וְדָוִד הֹלֵךְ וְהָזֵק 2 Sam 3,1 (opposed to הֹלְכִים וְדַלִּים); compare 2 Kron 26,15 (|| חֶזְקָה v2 Kron 26,16), Dan 11,5a.
\ \ d. prevail over, upon, of word of king 2 Sam 24,4 (followed by אֶלֿ) = 1 Kron 21,4 (followed by עַל).
\ \ e. of bonds Es 28,22. feminine of sound of trumpet הוֺלֵךְ וְהָזֵק מְאֹד 2 Mos 19,19 (E, compare חָזָק v2 Mos 19,16) it grew much louder and louder.

2. be firm, fast: —
\ \ a. literally be caught fast, of Absalom's head 2 Sam 18,9 (followed by בְּ).
\ \ b. be firm, secure, of a kingdom 2 Kong 14,5 ( + בְּיָדוֺ) = 2 Kron 25,3 ( + עָלָיו). Oftener
\ \ c. be firm = courageous, confident, especially Imperative, usually || אמץ (q. v.), 5 Mos 31,6; 5 Mos 31,7; 5 Mos 31,23; Jos 1,6; Jos 1,7; Jos 1,9; Jos 1,18; Jos 10,25; Jos 23,6 (all D), 2 Sam 10,12; 2 Sam 13,28; 1 Kong 2,2; 1 Kron 19,13 (|| התחזק), 1 Kron 22,13; 1 Kron 28,10; 1 Kron 28,20; 2 Kron 15,7; 2 Kron 19,11; 2 Kron 32,7; Ezr 10,4; Sl 27,14; Sl 31,25; Es 35,4; Es 41,6; Hag 2,4 (3 t. in verse); Dan 10,19 (twice in verse); followed byלַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Kron 25,8.
\ \ d. hold firmly to, devote oneself to, followed by בְּ 2 Kron 31,4.
\ \ e. followed by Infinitive be firm not to eat blood, i.e. firmly refrain from it 5 Mos 12,23, compare 1 Kron 28,7.

3. press, be urgent, followed by עַל + Infinitive 2 Mos 12,33 (E); followed by עַל of hand of ׳י in prophetic ecstasy Ezk 3,14 (ᵐ5 Co read חֲזָקָה, adjective, see חָזָק).

4. in bad sense:
\ \ a. grow stout, rigid, hard, with idea of perversity, of Pharaoh's heart 2 Mos 7,13; 2 Mos 7,22; 2 Mos 8,15 (all P), 2 Mos 9,35 (R); compare חזקו עָלַי דבריכם Mal 3,13.
\ \ b. be severe, grievous, of battle 2 Kong 3,26 of famine 1 Mos 41,56; 1 Mos 41,57 (E), 1 Mos 47,20 (J; followed by על), 2 Kong 25,3 = Jer 52,6. II. transitive only לֹא חֲזֶקוֺ 2 Kron 28,20 strengthened him not, but text very dubious (|| וַיָצַר לוֺ). Pi`el Perfect חִזַּק Sl 147,13 +, etc.; Imperfect וַיְחַזֵּק 2 Mos 9,12 + 10 t., etc.; Imperative חַזֵּק Neh 6,9 + 2 t.; feminine singular חַזְּקִי Nah 3,14 חַזֵּ֑קִי Es 54,2 etc.; Infinitive construct חַזֵּק 2 Kong 12,9 + 12 t.; Participle מְחַזֵּק 2 Mos 14,17 מְחַזְּקִים 2 Kong 12,9 —

1. make strong (physically):
\ \ a. followed by accusative of person Dom 16,28 followed by על Dom 3,12 followed by מָתְנַיִם Nah 2,2 (|| אַמֵּץ כֹּחַ; of personified people).
\ \ b. = restore to strength Dan 10,18; Dan 10,19 to health Ezk 34,4; Ezk 34,16 with לְ give strength to 1 Kron 29,12 so, followed by זְרוֺעֹתָם, Hos 7,15; Ezk 30,24 (and vEzk 30,25 Co, see Hiph`il)
\ \ c. followed by accusative of thing Es 41,7; Jer 10,4 (both with בְּ instrumental; of manufacture of idols); of strengthening tent-pegs, in metaphor Es 54,4, compare Es 33,23 followed by bars of gates Sl 147,13 often of making strong, fortifying a town, etc. Nah 3,14; 2 Kron 11,11; 2 Kron 11,12; 2 Kron 26,9; 2 Kron 32,5 = repair (wall, object not expressed) Neh 3,19 see Hiph`il; with accusative of temple 2 Kong 12,6; 2 Kong 12,7; 2 Kong 12,15; 2 Kong 22,6; 2 Kong 2,5; 2 Kong 2,12; 2 Kong 29,3; 2 Kong 34,8, compare v2 Kron 34,10 (|| לִבְדּוֺק); followed by ׳לְבית י 1 Kron 26,27 object breaches (accusative) 2 Kong 12,8; 2 Kong 12,9; 2 Kong 12,13; 2 Kong 22,5.
\ \ d. of establishing kingdom 2 Kron 11,17.

2. strengthen the hands (accusative) of any one, i.e. sustain, encourage (opposed to רִפָּה) Dom 9,24; Jer 23,14; Ezk 13,22; Es 35,3; Job 4,3; Ezr 6,22; Neh 2,18; Neh 6,9; 2 Kron 29,34 ידו בֵּאלהים ׳וַיְח 1 Sam 23,16 followed by בְּ Ezr 1,6 ( + בְּ instrumental)

3. make strong = bold, encourage, with accusative 5 Mos 1,38; 5 Mos 3,28; 2 Sam 11,5; Es 41,7 with accusative of person + ׳לַעֲבֹדַת בֵּית י 2 Kron 35,2.

4. make firm: —
\ \ a. with 2 accusative וְאַבְנֵ˜טְךָ אֲחַוְּקֶנּוּ Es 22,21 and with thy sash (of office) will I make him firm, i.e. bind it firmly about him (|| הלבישׁ).
\ \ b. make firm or fixed, = definitely adopt ֿ׳יח לָמוֺ דָּבָר רָע Sl 64,6.

5. make rigid, hard, i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden (the heart of any one) 2 Mos 4,21; 2 Mos 10,20; 2 Mos 10,27 (all E), 2 Mos 9,12; 2 Mos 11,10; 2 Mos 14,4; 2 Mos 14,8; 2 Mos 14,17 (all P), Jos 11,20 (D); see also פניהם מִסֶּלַע ׳ח Jer 5,3 . Hiph`il₁₁₈ Perfect הֶחֱזִיק Dom 7,8 +; 3 feminine singular הֶחֱזִ֫יקָה Jer 49,24 +; suffix הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Jer 8,21 הֶחֱזַ֫קָתִּי Neh 5,16 + 3 t.; וְהַחֲזַקְתִּ֫י Ezk 30,23, etc.; Imperfect יַחֲזִיק Job 8,15 + 2 t.; 1 singular וְאַחְזֵק Es 42,6 יַחֲזִיקוּ Jer 6,23 + 2 t.; יַחֲזִקוּ Dan 11,32, etc.; Imperative הַחֲזֵק 2 Sam 11,25 + 2 t., etc.; Infinitive construct הַחֲזִיק 2 Kong 15,19; Es 64,6 suffix הֶחֱזִיקִי Jer 31,32 (׳הַח Manuscript Petrop. see RS^{JPh xvi, 1888, 73}); Participle מַחֲזִיק 2 Mos 9,2 + 9 t.; suffix מַחֲזִקָהּ Dan 11,6 feminine singular מַחֲזֶקֶת Neh 4,11 plural מַחֲזִיקִים Neh 4,10 + 5 t.; construct מַחֲוִיקֵי Ezk 27,9; Ezk 27,27 —

1. a. make strong, strengthen Jer 51,12.
\ \ b. make firm, the kingdom 2 Kong 15,19 ( + בְּיָדוֺ).
\ \ c. display strength (late) 2 Kron 26,8 (|| ׳וַיֵלֶךְ שְׁמוֺ עַד וגו), Dan 11,32 (|| וְעָשׂוּ).

2. make severe, of battle 2 Sam 11,25.

3. followed by יד = support Ezk 16,49 followed by זְרוֺעוֺת Ezk 30,25 (subject ׳י; but Co reads Pi`el as vEzk 30,24) .

4. = repair, walls of Jerusalem, Neh 3,4 (3 t. in verse) + 31 t. Neh 3,1–200 compare (in general) participle used substantively מחזיקי בדקף Ezk 27,9; Ezk 27,27 of Tyre and her ships (|| מַלָּחִים, etc.)

5. prevail, absolute Dan 11,7 followed by עַל Job 18,9 prevail upon to בּוֺ לֶאֱכֹל ׳הח 2 Kong 4,8.

6. especially take or keep hold of, seize, grasp:
\ \ a. take hold of, seize, catch, followed by בְּ 1 Mos 19,4(J), 1 Mos 21,18(E), 2 Mos 4,4 (J; || אחז), Dom 7,20; 1 Sam 15,27; 2 Sam 1,11; 1 Kong 1,50; 1 Kong 2,28; 2 Kong 2,12; 2 Kong 4,27; Es 4,1; Zak 8,23 (twice in verse); Ord 7,13; Ord 26,17, compare also Dom 19,25; Dom 19,29; 2 Kron 28,15 with violence 5 Mos 22,25; 5 Mos 25,11; 1 Sam 17,35 (perhaps of consecutive frequently, see Dr), 2 Sam 2,16; 2 Sam 13,11 followed by לְ 2 Sam 15,5 figurative take hold in order to lead one (subject ׳י) followed by בְּ Jer 31,32, c accusative Es 41,9; Es 41,13 compare Es 51,18 (בְּ; || נֵהֵל); followed by accusative Nah 3,14 take hold of the brick-mould, Jer 6,23 = Jer 50,42, Zak 14,13 (with violence), Sl 35,2; Neh 4,10; Neh 4,11, seize the kingdom Dan 11,21 in metaphor Mik 4,9 (הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ חִיל), Jer 6,24; Jer 8,21; Jer 49,24 (see Gie), Jer 50,43 of pious laying hold of ׳י, followed by בְּ Es 64,6 compare Es 27,5; Es 56,2; Es 56,4; Es 56,6 of other gods 1 Kong 9,9 = 2 Kron 7,22 laying hold of wisdom Ord 3,18, compare Ord 4,13; Job 2,3; Job 2,9; Job 27,6; Jer 8,5.
\ \ b. have or keep hold of, followed by בְּ Dom 16,26; 2 Sam 3,29; Jer 50,33; Neh 4,15.
\ \ c. hold up, followed by בְּ, figurative = sustain, support 3 Mos 25,35 of ׳י holding his servants Es 42,6; Es 45,1, compare Job 8,20 see also participle used substantively Dan 11,1 (|| מָעוֺז), vDan 11,6 (|| מֵבִיא, יֹלֵד); of Nehemiah holding fast to his (בְּ) his work Neh 5,16 compare of wicked, holding to his house Job 8,15 cleave or cling to (על) one's brethren Neh 10,30. hence
\ \ c. keep, retain, followed by בְּ 2 Mos 9,2 (J), Dom 7,8; Dom 19,4 so Ezk 7,13 Sm Co (ᵑ0 Hithpa`el); followed by anger (accusative) Mik 7,18.
\ \ d. hence also hold, contain, followed by accusative 2 Kron 4,5. Hithpa`el (especially Chronicles) Perfect הִתְחַזַּק 2 Kron 13,7 + 3 t., etc., Imperfect וַיִּתְחַוֵּק 1 Mos 48,2 + 7 t.; וַיִּתְחַזַּק 2 Kron 21,4; 2 Kron 32,5 יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Ezk 7,13 (but Sm Co read Hiph`il), etc.; Imperative הִתְחַוַּק 1 Kong 20,22 הִתְחַזְּקוּ 1 Sam 4,9 Infinitive construct לְהִתְחַזֵּק 2 Kron 13,8; 2 Kron 16,9 Participle מִתְחַזֵּק 2 Sam 3,6; Dan 10,21 plural מִתְחַזְּקִים 1 Kron 11,10 —

1. strengthen oneself 2 Sam 3,6; 1 Kong 20,22; 2 Kron 1,1; 2 Kron 12,13; 2 Kron 13,21; 2 Kron 21,4; 2 Kron 23,1; 2 Kron 25,11; 2 Kron 27,6 followed by עַל against 2 Kron 17,1 gain strength Ezr 7,28; Dan 10,19, compare ביהוה ׳הִתְח 1 Sam 30,6 figurative= take courage 2 Kron 15,8.

2. put forth strength, use one's strength 1 Mos 48,2 (i.e. he exerted himself, he sat up by a great effort), 4 Mos 13,20; Dom 20,22; 1 Sam 4,9; 2 Sam 10,12; 1 Kron 19,13; 2 Kron 32,5.

3. followed by לִפְנֵי withstand 2 Kron 13,7; 2 Kron 13,8.

4. followed by עִם hold strongly with 1 Kron 11,10; Dan 10,21, compare of ׳י, עִם לְבָבָם שָׁלֵם אֵלָיו ׳להתח 2 Kron 16,9. — For יִתְחַזָּ֑קו Ezk 7,13 read Hiph`il, see Sm Co Da.