אָכַל

Qal Perfect אָכַל 2 Mos 34,28 +; אָֽכְלָה 4 Mos 21,28 +; etc. Imperfect יאֹבַל 1 Mos 49,27 +; וַיּאֹ֫כַל 1 Mos 25,34 +; וַיּאֹכַ֑ל 1 Mos 3,6 +; יאֹכֵ֑ל 3 Mos 21,22 +; אֹכַל 1 Mos 24,33 +; וָָֽאֹכַ֫ל 1 Mos 27,33 וְאֹכֵ֑ל Es 44,19 וָָֽאֹבֵל 1 Mos 3,12; 1 Mos 3,13 3 plural יאֹכְלוּ 1 Mos 32,33 +; יאֹכֵ֑לוּ 5 Mos 18,18 +; etc. (for יוֺכְלוּ Ezk 42,5 read יוצלו, יאצלו ᵐ5 Ew Co); suffix יאֹכְלֶנּוּ 3 Mos 7,6 +; תּאֹבַלְכֶם Es 33,11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלֵהוּ Job 20,26, either as secondary form from ׳תּאֹ (Ew^{§ 253} Di) or textual error (Ges^{«GKC:68»§ 68}. 1) > Pi`el, Thes Kö<sup>I, 389</sup>; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכוֺל 1 Kong 18,41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכוֺל 1 Mos 2,16 +; construct אֲכֹל 4 Mos 26,10 + 2 t.; לֶאֱכֹל 1 Mos 24,33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jer 12,9 Participle אֹכֵל (אוֺכֵל) 1 Mos 39,6 +, אֹכֶלֶת 2 Mos 24,17 +, etc. —

1. eat, human subject 1 Mos 3,11; 1 Mos 3,18 + often; mostly with accusative 2 Mos 16,35 +; also followed by מִןֿ (eat of, — some of, — or from) 2 Mos 34,15; Rut 2,14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) 2 Mos 12,43 f; absolute 5 Mos 2,6 +; as act of worship 1 Mos 31,54 (compare 1 Mos 46,1) 2 Mos 18,12; 2 Mos 24,11; 2 Mos 34,15; 5 Mos 12,7; 5 Mos 12,18; 5 Mos 14,23; 5 Mos 14,26 +; compare of priests 2 Mos 29,32; 3 Mos 10,13 +; compare אָבַל אֶלהֶֿהָרִים Ezk 18,6; Ezk 18,11; Ezk 18,15; Ezk 22,9 + Ezk 33,25 עַלהַֿדָּם Co עַלהֶֿהָרִים; (but RS^{Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last}); eat up, finish eating 1 Mos 43,2 (with בלה) 1 Kong 13,28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal 1 Mos 43,25; 2 Mos 2,20; 1 Sam 20,24; Jer 41,1 +; so ׳א alone 1 Mos 43,16; 1 Sam 20,5 +; לֶחֶם ׳א = eat, get food 1 Mos 3,19; 2 Kong 4,8 +; Amos 7,12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Praed 5,16 ׳ל ׳לֹא א i.e. fast 1 Sam 28,20; 1 Sam 30,12; Ezr 10,6 compare Dan 10,3 figurative אֶתבְּֿשָׂרוֺ ׳א Praed 4,5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jer 15,16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Ord 30,20 אָֽכְלָה וּמָֽחֲתָה פִּ֑יהָ וְאָֽמְרָה לֹאֿ פָעַלְתִּי אָֽוֶן׃; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֺב ׳א Job 21,25 לְפִּי אָבְלוֺ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating 2 Mos 12,4; 2 Mos 16,16; 2 Mos 16,18 also v2 Mos 16,21 compare Job 20,21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַפְּרִי 2 Kong 19,29; Amos 9,14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Ord 1,31; Ord 18,21; Hos 10,13 compare וַיּאֹכַל גַּםאָֿכוֺל אֶתכַּֿסְפֵּנוּ 1 Mos 31,15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hos 7,9 figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כַּלֶּחֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי Sl 102,10 (compare Sl 80,6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt^{ASKT 166 f.} Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim^{BP 34. 42}); of gods, partaking of sacrifices 5 Mos 32,38 figurative = destroy 5 Mos 7,16 (compare 4 Mos 14,9); compare Jer 10,25; Jer 30,16; Jer 50,7; Hos 7,7.

2. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour; 1 Mos 37,20; 1 Mos 37,33; 1 Mos 40,17; 1 Mos 40,19; 1 Kong 13,28; 1 Kong 14,11; 1 Kong 16,4; 1 Kong 21,23; 1 Kong 21,24; Hos 2,14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1,4; Joel 2,25; 2 Kron 7,13 compare Amos 4,9 moth Job 13,28 flies Sl 78,45 worms 5 Mos 28,39 also Ezk 19,3; Ezk 19,6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jer 50,7; Jer 50,17; Jer 51,34 also Hos 13,8 (of ׳י under fig, of lion), Ezk 22,25 (נֶפֶשׁ אָכָ֑לוּ, of false prophets under figure of lion).

3. figurative of fire, devour, consume 3 Mos 6,3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nah 3,13; Es 5,24 (in simile), particular of fire from ׳י 3 Mos 10,2; 3 Mos 16,25; Dom 9,15 f 1 Kong 18,38; 2 Kong 1,10; 2 Kong 1,12; 2 Kong 1,14; 2 Kron 7,1 compare Amos 1,4; Amos 1,7; Amos 1,10; Amos 1,12; Amos 1,14; Amos 2,2; Amos 2,5; Amos 5,6 +; 5 Mos 5,22 of fire at Sinai; of ׳י as fire (in judgment) 5 Mos 4,24 אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה הוּא ׳כִּי י; compare 5 Mos 9,3; Es 10,17 (|| בּער) Es 30,27; Es 30,30; Es 33,14 (|| מוֺקְדֵי עוֺלָם).

4. of sword, devour, slay 5 Mos 32,42; 2 Sam 22,26; 2 Sam 11,25; 2 Sam 18,8; Hos 11,6; Jer 2,30; Jer 12,12 compare of devastation of land Es 1,7; Jer 8,16.

5. in genl. devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject) of drought 1 Mos 31,40 of pestilence Ezk 7,15 of woods 2 Sam 18,8 compare 3 Mos 26,38 וְאָֽכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבּשֶׁת Jer 3,24 (see בּשֶׁת).

6. figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc. Ord 30,14; Hab 3,14 compare Sl 14,4 of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶתבְּֿשָׂרִי Sl 27,2. (compare Job 19,22). Niph`al Perfect וְנֶאֱבַל consecutive 2 Mos 22,5 Imperfect יֵאָכֵל 1 Mos 6,21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵ֫ל 4 Mos 12,12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵאָבֹל 3 Mos 7,18; 3 Mos 19,7 Participle feminine נֶאֱכֶ֫לֶת 3 Mos 11,47 —

1. be eaten by man 2 Mos 12,46; 2 Mos 13,3; 2 Mos 13,7; 2 Mos 21,28; 2 Mos 29,34; 3 Mos 6,9; 3 Mos 6,16; 3 Mos 6,19; 3 Mos 6,23; 3 Mos 7,6; 3 Mos 7,15; 3 Mos 7,16 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 7,18; 3 Mos 11,41; 3 Mos 19,6; 3 Mos 19,7; 3 Mos 19,23; 3 Mos 22,30; 3 Mos 28,17; Ezk 45,21 of custom, usage 1 Mos 6,21; 2 Mos 12,16; 5 Mos 12,22; Job 6,6 of permission to eat 3 Mos 7,19; 3 Mos 11,13; 3 Mos 11,34; 3 Mos 11,47 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 17,13 with negative be uneatable Jer 24,2; Jer 24,3; Jer 24,8; Jer 29,17.

2. be devoured by fire, consumed Sef 1,18; Sef 3,8; Zak 9,4; Ezk 23,25.

3. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh 4 Mos 12,12; Jer 30,16. Pu`al Perfect אֻכְּלוּ be consumed with fire Neh 2,3; Neh 2,13 compare Nah 1,10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל Ew<sup>§ 169 d</sup>) 2 Mos 3,2 by sword Es 1,20 תְּאֻכְּלוּ. Hiph`il Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Sl 80,6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֫י Es 49,26 suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Es 58,14 הֶאֱכַלְתִּיח Ezk 16,19 וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jer 19,9 Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֵנוּ 4 Mos 11,4; 4 Mos 11,18, etc.; 2 masculine singular js. תַּאֲכֵל; 1 singular אוֺכִיל Hos 11,4 Imperative הַאֲכִילֵהוּ Ord 25,21, etc.; Infinitive לְהָכִיל Ezk 21,33 (but Co לההל, q. v.); Participle מַאֲבִיל Jer 23,15, etc.; —

1. cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly ׳י; 2 Mos 16,32; 5 Mos 8,3; 5 Mos 8,16; Ezk 3,2; Jer 19,9 absolute Hos 11,4 compare 4 Mos 11,4; 4 Mos 11,18 figurative Jer 9,14; Jer 23,15; Jer 58,14; also Sl 80,6 הֶאֱבַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה (compare Sl 102,10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מן Sl 81,17, but also subject man Ord 25,21; 1 Kong 22,27; 2 Kron 18,26 וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ לֶחֶם לַ֫חַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2 Kron 28,15, compare Ezk 2,3.

2. cause to devour, object sword Ezk 21,33 (but on text see Co).