שׂוּר
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Brown-Driver-Briggs
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שׂוּם BDB8185
I. שׂוּם, שִׂים :582 verb put, place, set (compare NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 532; Late Hebrew סוּס Pi`el designate, fix, שׂום Praed 49,6 Phoenician שם, Assyrian šâmu. fix, determine; Sabean שׂים set, set up, SabDenkmNo. 7, 1. 6 CISiv. 1; Arabic () is insert, sheathe, also compute; Ethiopic : put, place; ᵑ7 שׂוּם, Syriac Old Aramaic שים); —
Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׂם 1 Mos 21,14 + (2 Kron 1,5 read שָׁם ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Gi Be Kau Benz), suffix שָׂמוֺ Ezk 17,4 +, שָׂמָ֫הוּ Ezk 7,20 3 feminine singular שָׂ֫מָה 1 Sam 19,13, suffix שָׂמָ֫תְהוּ Ezk 19,5; Ezk 24,7 2 masculine singular שַׂמְתָּ Jer 32,20 +; 3 plural שָׂמוּ 1 Mos 40,15 +; 1 plural שַׂמְנוּ Es 28,15, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָשׂוּם 2 Mos 4,11, יָשִׂים 1 Mos 30,42 +, יָשִׂם Job 23,6 jussive יָשֵׂם 1 Sam 22,15 +; וַיָּשֶׂם 1 Mos 2,8 +; suffix יְשִׂמֵנִי 2 Sam 15,4, וַיְשִׂימְךָ 1 Kong 10,9 2 feminine singular וַתָּשִׂימִי Es 51,23 וָאָשִׂים 1 Sam 28,21 +, וָאָשִׂימָה Ezr 8,17; Dom 12,3 Qr (Kt ואישׂמה); 2 masculine plural תָּשִׂימוּ 1 Mos 32,17 +, תְּשִׂימ֫וּן 2 Mos 22,24 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שִׂים 1 Mos 24,2 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute שׂוֺם 5 Mos 17,15 +, construct שׂוּם 5 Mos 45,7 +, שִׂים Job 20,4 + 2 Sam 14,7 Qr (Kt שׂום), שׂימו Es 10,6 Kt (Qr שׂוּמוֺ), etc.; Participle שָׂם Amos 7,8 +, feminine singular הַשָּׂמָ֫ה Es 51,10 (so read for ᵑ0 הַשָּׂ֫מָה); plural שָׂמִים Mal 2,2 +; pass. שִׂים 4 Mos 24,21 (compare Di), Ob 1,4 feminine according to most שׂוּמָה 2 Sam 13,22 (van d. H. שׂימה Kt), but see below; שִׂימָ֫ה Sl 56,9 Bae Buhl, but most Imperative masculine singular; — put, set (often || נָתַן 2, q. v.), with accusative of person or of thing (expressed or implied):
1. a. put, set, in a place, + שָׁם 1 Mos 2,8 (J), + accusative of location 1 Mos 28,11 (E) + 5 t.+, with 2 accusative + location, 2 Kong 10,8 heads (in) heaps at (accusative of location), compare 3 Mos 24,6 (עַל); + ב 3 Mos 40,15 (E), figurative of ׳י, put his name, ׳בִּירוּשׁ 2 Kong 21,47 = 2 Kron 33,7, compare with שָׁם 1 Kong 9,3; 5 Mos 12,5 + 6 t.; especially ב of receptacle 1 Mos 31,34 (E), 2 Mos 2,3 (E), Dom 6,19 + often; sackcloth on (ב) loins 1 Mos 37,34 (J), 1 Kong 20,31, crown on head Zak 6,11; Est 1,17, shoes on feet Ezk 24,17 hook, etc., in nose 1 Kong 19,28 = Es 37,29; Job 40,26, incense בְּאַפֶּ֑ךָ 5 Mos 33,10, i.e. cause thee (׳י) to smell it; feet in stocks (figurative) Job 13,27; Job 33,11 knife into throat Ord 23,2 (figurative of self-restraint, Fl in De); words into mouth 2 Mos 4,15 (J), 4 Mos 22,38 (E) + 8 t., + 5 Mos 31,19 teach to say or sing; into heart Job 22,22, insert also 1 Sam 29,10 ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; trust in God Sl 78,7 (guilt of) blood into house 5 Mos 22,8, compare Dom 9,24 (עַל person; so, with נָתַן 5 Mos 21,8; Jer 26,15; Jon 1,14); something into hand 2 Mos 4,21 (E), of wonders, i.e. enable hand to do them; elsewhere = take, of hammer Dom 4,21, booty 1 Kong 20,6, so (figurative) take one's life (נֶפֶשׁ) into one's palm (i.e. risk it) Dom 12,3; 1 Sam 19,5; 1 Sam 28,21; Job 13,14 put eyes בַּפּוּךְ 2 Kong 9,30 (see פּוּךְ, compare Es 54,11); נֶפֶשׁ ( = person), בַּחַיִּים Sl 66,9 (subject ׳י); set men at (the use of) implements 2 Sam 12,31 (probably, compare Dr HPS; > ( ם) וַיָּשַׂ sawed them with, as || 1 Kron 20,3, Th We); 1 Kong 2,5 (|| נתן) is dubious; ᵐ5L Klo Kit read וַיִּקֹּם; charge something against (ב person; properly put in, i.e. attribute, impute, to) 1 Sam 22,15; Job 4,18 so, with ל person 5 Mos 22,14, compare (ל omitted) v5 Mos 22,17 put בְּקֶרֶב Amos 7,8; Es 63,11, בְּתוֺךְ Ezk 26,12.
\ \ b. put something upon (עַל) 4 Mos 21,8; 4 Mos 21,9 (E) + often; jewels, clothes, on person 1 Mos 24,17 (J), 1 Mos 41,42 (E), 3 Mos 8,8 (P), Rut 3,3, turban Zak 3,5 (twice in verse); 2 Mos 29,5 (P), 3 Mos 8,9 (P), compare (preposition omitted) Job 24,15; Job 36,13 (figurative), girdle Jer 13,1; Jer 13,2, sackcloth 1 Kong 21,27 אָדָם עַלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳שׂ Job 20,4 (of man's creation); of siege and siege engines, עַל = against, Mik 4,14; Ezk 23,24 put, lay, upon (עַל), 2 Kong 4,29 +; hand 1 Mos 48,18 (J) + 3 t., + upon mouth, in silence Dom 18,19; Job 21,5, and awe Mik 7,16, so with ל Job 29,9, לְמוֺ Job 40,4; Job 40,40, upon (עַל) head 2 Sam 13,19 (in despair, compare Jer 2,37); accusative of disease 2 Mos 15,26 (J), so (ב person) v2 Mos 15,26; 5 Mos 7,16 figurative, spirit (עַל) 4 Mos 11,17 (JE), name 4 Mos 6,27 (P), duty Job 37,15 (?), reproach 1 Sam 11,2, רָעָה תַּחַת מוֺדָה Sl 109,5 (ᵑ6 Bae וַיָּשִׁיבוּ so, or וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hup Che); עַל לֵב ׳שׂ Hoj 8,6 (simile), so, figurative, = remember, treasure up, Es 42,25; Es 47,7 (|| זָכַר), + 6 t., with אֶל 2 Sam 13,33; 2 Sam 19,20 (|| id.); with ב 1 Sam 21,13 compare בְּאָזְנֵי ׳שׂ 2 Mos 17,14 (E), impress upon.
\ \ c. put, lay, set, with ל, 2 Kong 11,16 lay (violent) hands on = 2 Kron 23,15 put end to Job 18,2; Job 28,3 set לְמָרוֺם Job 5,11 render glory to Jos 7,19 (J E; || נָתַן), Es 42,12 make covenant with 2 Sam 23,5 set food for 1 Mos 43,32 (J), 2 Sam 12,20, preposition omitted 1 Mos 43,31 (J), so, with לִפְנֵי 1 Sam 9,24; 1 Sam 28,22; 2 Kong 6,22 לִפְנֵי ׳שׂ elsewhere Dom 18,21, of precedence 1 Mos 48,20b (E) : set laws (as authoritative) לִפְנֵי 2 Mos 19,7; 2 Mos 21,1 (both E), 5 Mos 4,44 God (as moral ruler) לְנֶגְדָּם Sl 54,5; Sl 86,14 נֶגֶד ׳שׂ also 1 Mos 31,37 (E), נֹכַח Ezk 14,4; Ezk 14,7 לְעֵינֵי 1 Mos 30,41 (J).
\ \ d. put, with בֵּין Jos 24,7 (E) + 5:t. (2 Mos 8,19 see פְּדוּת p. 804), + 1 Mos 30,36 (J), 1 Mos 32,17 (E), put space between; with תַּחַת 2 Mos 17,12 (E), + 3 t. (Ob 1,7 strike out לַחְמְךָ We GASm Now and others) + יָד תַּחַת יָרִךְ ׳שׂ in oath 1 Mos 24,2; 1 Mos 24,9; 1 Mos 47,29 (all J); put, with אֶל location 1 Sam 6,11; 1 Sam 6,15; 1 Sam 19,13 a Hab 2,15, אֶל person Job 5,8 commit unto; with אֵצֶל of thing 3 Mos 6,3 (P), מִצַּד of thing 5 Mos 31,26 (P); עִמְּךָ ׳שׂ 1 Sam 9,23 lay up something with thee, reserve it; put, with יַחַד Mik 2,12 put together = collect (|| אָסַף קִבֵּץ); without modifier 1 Kong 18,23 (twice in verse); 1 Kong 18,25; Ezk 30,21 apply bandage (|| נָתַן).
\ \ b. put something upon (עַל) 4 Mos 21,8; 4 Mos 21,9 (E) + often; jewels, clothes, on person 1 Mos 24,17 (J), 1 Mos 41,42 (E), 3 Mos 8,8 (P), Rut 3,3, turban Zak 3,5 (twice in verse); 2 Mos 29,5 (P), 3 Mos 8,9 (P), compare (preposition omitted) Job 24,15; Job 36,13 (figurative), girdle Jer 13,1; Jer 13,2, sackcloth 1 Kong 21,27 אָדָם עַלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳שׂ Job 20,4 (of man's creation); of siege and siege engines, עַל = against, Mik 4,14; Ezk 23,24 put, lay, upon (עַל), 2 Kong 4,29 +; hand 1 Mos 48,18 (J) + 3 t., + upon mouth, in silence Dom 18,19; Job 21,5, and awe Mik 7,16, so with ל Job 29,9, לְמוֺ Job 40,4; Job 40,40, upon (עַל) head 2 Sam 13,19 (in despair, compare Jer 2,37); accusative of disease 2 Mos 15,26 (J), so (ב person) v2 Mos 15,26; 5 Mos 7,16 figurative, spirit (עַל) 4 Mos 11,17 (JE), name 4 Mos 6,27 (P), duty Job 37,15 (?), reproach 1 Sam 11,2, רָעָה תַּחַת מוֺדָה Sl 109,5 (ᵑ6 Bae וַיָּשִׁיבוּ so, or וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hup Che); עַל לֵב ׳שׂ Hoj 8,6 (simile), so, figurative, = remember, treasure up, Es 42,25; Es 47,7 (|| זָכַר), + 6 t., with אֶל 2 Sam 13,33; 2 Sam 19,20 (|| id.); with ב 1 Sam 21,13 compare בְּאָזְנֵי ׳שׂ 2 Mos 17,14 (E), impress upon.
\ \ c. put, lay, set, with ל, 2 Kong 11,16 lay (violent) hands on = 2 Kron 23,15 put end to Job 18,2; Job 28,3 set לְמָרוֺם Job 5,11 render glory to Jos 7,19 (J E; || נָתַן), Es 42,12 make covenant with 2 Sam 23,5 set food for 1 Mos 43,32 (J), 2 Sam 12,20, preposition omitted 1 Mos 43,31 (J), so, with לִפְנֵי 1 Sam 9,24; 1 Sam 28,22; 2 Kong 6,22 לִפְנֵי ׳שׂ elsewhere Dom 18,21, of precedence 1 Mos 48,20b (E) : set laws (as authoritative) לִפְנֵי 2 Mos 19,7; 2 Mos 21,1 (both E), 5 Mos 4,44 God (as moral ruler) לְנֶגְדָּם Sl 54,5; Sl 86,14 נֶגֶד ׳שׂ also 1 Mos 31,37 (E), נֹכַח Ezk 14,4; Ezk 14,7 לְעֵינֵי 1 Mos 30,41 (J).
\ \ d. put, with בֵּין Jos 24,7 (E) + 5:t. (2 Mos 8,19 see פְּדוּת p. 804), + 1 Mos 30,36 (J), 1 Mos 32,17 (E), put space between; with תַּחַת 2 Mos 17,12 (E), + 3 t. (Ob 1,7 strike out לַחְמְךָ We GASm Now and others) + יָד תַּחַת יָרִךְ ׳שׂ in oath 1 Mos 24,2; 1 Mos 24,9; 1 Mos 47,29 (all J); put, with אֶל location 1 Sam 6,11; 1 Sam 6,15; 1 Sam 19,13 a Hab 2,15, אֶל person Job 5,8 commit unto; with אֵצֶל of thing 3 Mos 6,3 (P), מִצַּד of thing 5 Mos 31,26 (P); עִמְּךָ ׳שׂ 1 Sam 9,23 lay up something with thee, reserve it; put, with יַחַד Mik 2,12 put together = collect (|| אָסַף קִבֵּץ); without modifier 1 Kong 18,23 (twice in verse); 1 Kong 18,25; Ezk 30,21 apply bandage (|| נָתַן).
2. set, direct:
\ \ a. sword against (ב) Dom 7,22 figurative extend compassion, ל person Es 47,6.
\ \ b. direct לֵב (mind) toward, pay attention to, with ל 1 Sam 9,20; 5 Mos 32,46; Ezk 40,4; Ezk 44,5b; with אֶל 2 Mos 9,21 (J), 1 Sam 25,25; 2 Sam 18,3 (twice in verse); Job 2,3; Job 34,14 (Bu Du strike out לֵב and read רוּחוֺ יָשִׁיב); with עַל Hag 1,5; Hag 1,7; Job 1,8 compl. omitted Ezk 44,5a Hag 2,15; Hag 2,18 (twice in verse); Es 41,22; Dom 19,30 read perhaps לְבַבְכֶם for לָכֶם (or עֵצָה for עֻצוּ), see especially GFMHeb. Hpt.; לֵב omitted, Es 41,20 ( + רָאָה, יָדַע, הִשְׂכִּיל), with ב person Job 23,6 (so Bu, who compares Job 4,20; Job 24,12; Job 34,23, but all cases dubious); שִׂים לֵב, with עַל = intend Dan 1,8 (object clause).
\ \ c. set face (פָּנִים) toward (accusative of location) 1 Mos 31,21 (E), + לָבוֺא Jer 42,15 (twice in verse); Jer 42,17; Jer 44,12, compare 2 Kong 12,18; Dan 11,17 with אֶל, toward or against (implying opposition) Ezk 6,2 + 5 t. Ezekiel, with עַל Ezk 29,2; Ezk 35,2, with דֶּרֶךְ of direction Ezk 21,2 with ב (figurative of oppos., subject ׳י): הִנְנְי שָׂם פָּנַי בָּכֶם לְרָעָה Jer 44,11, compare Jer 21,10; Ezk 15,7 (|| נתן), 3 Mos 20,5 (P); with ל of thing (human subject) Dan 11,18 Qr ( < Kt ישׁב); with עַל person + לִמְלֹךְ of purpose 1 Kong 2,15 set eyes (עֵינַים) upon, with עַל person = behold 1 Mos 44,21 (J), = look after, take care of Jer 39,12; Jer 40,4, לְטוֺבָה Jer 24,6, but לְרָעָה Amos 9,4.
\ \ a. sword against (ב) Dom 7,22 figurative extend compassion, ל person Es 47,6.
\ \ b. direct לֵב (mind) toward, pay attention to, with ל 1 Sam 9,20; 5 Mos 32,46; Ezk 40,4; Ezk 44,5b; with אֶל 2 Mos 9,21 (J), 1 Sam 25,25; 2 Sam 18,3 (twice in verse); Job 2,3; Job 34,14 (Bu Du strike out לֵב and read רוּחוֺ יָשִׁיב); with עַל Hag 1,5; Hag 1,7; Job 1,8 compl. omitted Ezk 44,5a Hag 2,15; Hag 2,18 (twice in verse); Es 41,22; Dom 19,30 read perhaps לְבַבְכֶם for לָכֶם (or עֵצָה for עֻצוּ), see especially GFMHeb. Hpt.; לֵב omitted, Es 41,20 ( + רָאָה, יָדַע, הִשְׂכִּיל), with ב person Job 23,6 (so Bu, who compares Job 4,20; Job 24,12; Job 34,23, but all cases dubious); שִׂים לֵב, with עַל = intend Dan 1,8 (object clause).
\ \ c. set face (פָּנִים) toward (accusative of location) 1 Mos 31,21 (E), + לָבוֺא Jer 42,15 (twice in verse); Jer 42,17; Jer 44,12, compare 2 Kong 12,18; Dan 11,17 with אֶל, toward or against (implying opposition) Ezk 6,2 + 5 t. Ezekiel, with עַל Ezk 29,2; Ezk 35,2, with דֶּרֶךְ of direction Ezk 21,2 with ב (figurative of oppos., subject ׳י): הִנְנְי שָׂם פָּנַי בָּכֶם לְרָעָה Jer 44,11, compare Jer 21,10; Ezk 15,7 (|| נתן), 3 Mos 20,5 (P); with ל of thing (human subject) Dan 11,18 Qr ( < Kt ישׁב); with עַל person + לִמְלֹךְ of purpose 1 Kong 2,15 set eyes (עֵינַים) upon, with עַל person = behold 1 Mos 44,21 (J), = look after, take care of Jer 39,12; Jer 40,4, לְטוֺבָה Jer 24,6, but לְרָעָה Amos 9,4.
3. a. set, ordain, with accusative of thing 4 Mos 24,23 ( > accusative of person Di).
\ \ b. set, establish a law, statute, + ל person 2 Mos 15,25; Jos 24,25 (both E), compare Ord 8,29 + ב location Es 42,4; Sl 78,5 (|| הֵקִים), also Sl 81,6; Jer 33,25 + 2 Sam 20,19 (שָׂמוּ for שְׁלֻמֵי ᵐ5 Ew We Kit Bu HPS, compare Dr); establish something as (ל) law 1 Mos 47,26 (J), 1 Sam 30,25 ( + ל person); establish bazaars (as a right), ב location, 1 Kong 20,34 appoint a set time 2 Mos 9,5 (J), Job 34,23 (reading מוֺעֵד for עוֺד GHBWr Bu), insert (perhaps) 1 Sam 13,8 so Dr Klo HPS ( > insert אמר Th We Bu Kit, after ᵐ5 Tagrum); a place, + ל person 2 Mos 21,13; 2 Sam 7,10 = 1 Kron 17,9, ל of thing 1 Kong 8,21 ( + שָׁם).
\ \ c. set, found a nation, Es 44,7 (several.), establish it Sl 89,30 (לָעַד).
\ \ d. set, appoint (as ruler, official) + עַל person or of a people, 2 Mos 1,11; 2 Mos 5,14; 2 Mos 18,21 (all E), 5 Mos 17,14; 5 Mos 17,15 (3 t. in verse); Dom 11,11 ( + ל of office), 2 Sam 17,25 ( + תַּחַת instead of) + 6 t. + 1 Mos 47,6 (J; second accusative = ruler, expressed), 2 Sam 23,23 (אֶל), עַל in || 1 Kron 11,25 also 2 accusative + ל and ב location Sl 105,21 ב location 2 Sam 15,4; 2 Kron 33,14, בְּראֹשׁ at the head of, 5 Mos 1,13, 2 accusative alone Hoj 1,6 with accusative of person + ל person 1 Mos 27,37 (E), Hos 2,2; 1 Sam 8,5 ( + infinitive); + of title 1 Mos 45,8; 1 Mos 45,9; 2 Mos 2,14 ( + עַל; all E) + 4 t. + Dom 8,33 ( + ל person), + Ezk 44,8 (perhaps read וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hi Sm Co and most); + ל of purpose Hab 1,12 + ב of position, ל person 1 Sam 8,11 with accusative of office alone 1 Sam 8,12 ( + ל person), so Co Ezk 21,27 a (שָׂרִים for כָּרִים, see בַּר below כרר), 1 Kong 20,24 ( + תחת), compare 2 Kron 23,18, + עַל, אֶל, of task 4 Mos 4,19 (P); Job 7,20 set me as (ל) mark for (ל) him.
\ \ e. set, constitute, make, with כ person or thing, 1 Mos 13,16 (J) I will make thy seed the dust, 1 Mos 32,13 (J) 1 Mos 48,20 (E), 5 Mos 10,22; Hos 11,8 + 16 t. + (bad sense) Hos 2,5; Nah 3,6; 1 Kong 19,2. feminine set, determine, fix, bounds Jer 5,22 (2 accusative) Job 38,5; Job 38,33; Sl 104,9 passive determined, settled, + עַלפֶּֿה 2 Sam 13,32 (but see II. שׂום); appoint, send, frogs לְפַרְעֹךְ 2 Mos 8,8 (J), with accusative of person + עַל against 2 Kong 18,14.
\ \ b. set, establish a law, statute, + ל person 2 Mos 15,25; Jos 24,25 (both E), compare Ord 8,29 + ב location Es 42,4; Sl 78,5 (|| הֵקִים), also Sl 81,6; Jer 33,25 + 2 Sam 20,19 (שָׂמוּ for שְׁלֻמֵי ᵐ5 Ew We Kit Bu HPS, compare Dr); establish something as (ל) law 1 Mos 47,26 (J), 1 Sam 30,25 ( + ל person); establish bazaars (as a right), ב location, 1 Kong 20,34 appoint a set time 2 Mos 9,5 (J), Job 34,23 (reading מוֺעֵד for עוֺד GHBWr Bu), insert (perhaps) 1 Sam 13,8 so Dr Klo HPS ( > insert אמר Th We Bu Kit, after ᵐ5 Tagrum); a place, + ל person 2 Mos 21,13; 2 Sam 7,10 = 1 Kron 17,9, ל of thing 1 Kong 8,21 ( + שָׁם).
\ \ c. set, found a nation, Es 44,7 (several.), establish it Sl 89,30 (לָעַד).
\ \ d. set, appoint (as ruler, official) + עַל person or of a people, 2 Mos 1,11; 2 Mos 5,14; 2 Mos 18,21 (all E), 5 Mos 17,14; 5 Mos 17,15 (3 t. in verse); Dom 11,11 ( + ל of office), 2 Sam 17,25 ( + תַּחַת instead of) + 6 t. + 1 Mos 47,6 (J; second accusative = ruler, expressed), 2 Sam 23,23 (אֶל), עַל in || 1 Kron 11,25 also 2 accusative + ל and ב location Sl 105,21 ב location 2 Sam 15,4; 2 Kron 33,14, בְּראֹשׁ at the head of, 5 Mos 1,13, 2 accusative alone Hoj 1,6 with accusative of person + ל person 1 Mos 27,37 (E), Hos 2,2; 1 Sam 8,5 ( + infinitive); + of title 1 Mos 45,8; 1 Mos 45,9; 2 Mos 2,14 ( + עַל; all E) + 4 t. + Dom 8,33 ( + ל person), + Ezk 44,8 (perhaps read וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hi Sm Co and most); + ל of purpose Hab 1,12 + ב of position, ל person 1 Sam 8,11 with accusative of office alone 1 Sam 8,12 ( + ל person), so Co Ezk 21,27 a (שָׂרִים for כָּרִים, see בַּר below כרר), 1 Kong 20,24 ( + תחת), compare 2 Kron 23,18, + עַל, אֶל, of task 4 Mos 4,19 (P); Job 7,20 set me as (ל) mark for (ל) him.
\ \ e. set, constitute, make, with כ person or thing, 1 Mos 13,16 (J) I will make thy seed the dust, 1 Mos 32,13 (J) 1 Mos 48,20 (E), 5 Mos 10,22; Hos 11,8 + 16 t. + (bad sense) Hos 2,5; Nah 3,6; 1 Kong 19,2. feminine set, determine, fix, bounds Jer 5,22 (2 accusative) Job 38,5; Job 38,33; Sl 104,9 passive determined, settled, + עַלפֶּֿה 2 Sam 13,32 (but see II. שׂום); appoint, send, frogs לְפַרְעֹךְ 2 Mos 8,8 (J), with accusative of person + עַל against 2 Kong 18,14.
4. a. set, station, at a post, etc., accusative of person Jos 8,13 (JE), + ב location 2 Kong 10,24; Jer 9,7 + 5 t., + adverb accusative 1 Mos 33,2 (J), + בֵּין location Jos 8,12, + ל (against) and אַחֲרֵי location vJos 8,2 (both J E), + ל against Dom 9,25 ( + עַל location), + אֶל against Dom 20,29; Dom 20,36 doubtful are 1 Sam 15,2 (with ל person), 1 Kong 20,12 (twice in verse) (עַלהָֿעִיר), where no object expressed (in MT); either an object has fallen out, or verb (in techn. Military sense), here intransitive or inwardly transitive (DlZK ii. 397 forward ! take direction toward; compare also [on Sm] We Dr Löhr), or else ׳שׂ is corrupt (compare HPSsm)
\ \ b. put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars, with accusative 1 Sam 21,7; Ezk 21,27; 4 Mos 4,6; 4 Mos 4,8; 4 Mos 4,11; 4 Mos 4,14 + 4 t. P, Job 38,10 + עַל 2 Mos 32,27 (E), 2 Mos 40,20 (P), מִמַּעַל ל Jer 43,10, מֵעַל Est 3,1 + (various modifiers) 8 t.; set in place, תֵּבֵל Job 34,13 (De and others), but context favours שָׁמַר Bu; Du לִבּוֺ בְּתֵבֵל ׳שׂ.
\ \ c. set up altars 1 Kong 2,19; Jer 11,13, stone as memorial 1 Mos 18,18 (J), 1 Mos 28,22 (E), 1 Sam 7,12 (compare הֵקִים 1 Mos 31,45 + ), image, etc. Dom 18,31 (|| הֵקִים), 5 Mos 27,15; 1 Kong 12,29 (ב location, || נָתַן), 2 Kong 21,7 (ב location) = 2 Kron 33,7, compare Sl 74,4; Es 57,8 and, + ב location, Jer 7,30; Jer 32,34 rods before (לְעֵינֵי) cattle 1 Mos 30,41 (|| וַיַּצֵּג v1 Mos 30,38), compare v1 Mos 30,42, guide-posts Jer 31,21, bed 2 Kong 4,10 ( + ל person).
\ \ d. = plant, wheat Es 28,25, tree Es 41,19 (ב location; || נָתַן), slip Ezk 17,5 (עַל by).
\ \ e. set, fix (countenance) 2 Kong 8,11, so usually, but accusative omitted, and sense dubious; read perhaps וַיִּשֹּׁם (√ שׁמם, compare e.g. 1 Kong 9,8), so Klo Kmp Kit Benz.
\ \ b. put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars, with accusative 1 Sam 21,7; Ezk 21,27; 4 Mos 4,6; 4 Mos 4,8; 4 Mos 4,11; 4 Mos 4,14 + 4 t. P, Job 38,10 + עַל 2 Mos 32,27 (E), 2 Mos 40,20 (P), מִמַּעַל ל Jer 43,10, מֵעַל Est 3,1 + (various modifiers) 8 t.; set in place, תֵּבֵל Job 34,13 (De and others), but context favours שָׁמַר Bu; Du לִבּוֺ בְּתֵבֵל ׳שׂ.
\ \ c. set up altars 1 Kong 2,19; Jer 11,13, stone as memorial 1 Mos 18,18 (J), 1 Mos 28,22 (E), 1 Sam 7,12 (compare הֵקִים 1 Mos 31,45 + ), image, etc. Dom 18,31 (|| הֵקִים), 5 Mos 27,15; 1 Kong 12,29 (ב location, || נָתַן), 2 Kong 21,7 (ב location) = 2 Kron 33,7, compare Sl 74,4; Es 57,8 and, + ב location, Jer 7,30; Jer 32,34 rods before (לְעֵינֵי) cattle 1 Mos 30,41 (|| וַיַּצֵּג v1 Mos 30,38), compare v1 Mos 30,42, guide-posts Jer 31,21, bed 2 Kong 4,10 ( + ל person).
\ \ d. = plant, wheat Es 28,25, tree Es 41,19 (ב location; || נָתַן), slip Ezk 17,5 (עַל by).
\ \ e. set, fix (countenance) 2 Kong 8,11, so usually, but accusative omitted, and sense dubious; read perhaps וַיִּשֹּׁם (√ שׁמם, compare e.g. 1 Kong 9,8), so Klo Kmp Kit Benz.
5. a. make a thing, or person (accusative), for, transform into (ל), Jos 6,18 (J) make camp לְחֵרֶם, Mik 1,6 make Samaria לְעִיִ, 1 Mos 21,13; 1 Mos 21,18 (E), 2 Mos 14,21 (JE), Mik 4,7 (both good sense), Es 28,17; Es 42,15; Es 42,16 + 12 t. Isaiah (Es 25,2 read עִיר for מֵעִיר Vrss. Comm.), Jer 2,7 + 8 t. Jeremiah, + 14 t. + Dom 1,28 they made the Canaanites into the corvée; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו Sl 85,14 maketh his steps into a way (so RV Hup Che Dr, but meaning obscure; De Bae attend to the way of (לֵב omitted); Schr Hup-Now read ׳וְיִשְׁמֹר ד); with 2 accusative Jos 8,28 (J), 1 Sam 11,11; Mik 1,7; 1 Kong 5,23 (praegn. with עַד location), + 29 t.
\ \ b. make, constitute, 2 accusative, 1 Sam 8,1; 1 Sam 18,13 ( + ל person) 1 Sam 22,7 (לְבֻלְּכֶם, ל of accusative; or < read וְכֻלְּכֶם), Es 3,7; Es 60,17 + 6 t., + 1 Sam 11,11 form people in bands, compare Job 1,17 (one accusative, form bands), + (accusative of person omitted) 2 Mos 4,11b (J), compare (beast, in figure) Ezk 19,5 2 accusative and accusative + ל in same ver., Es 54,12 I will make rubies thy prinnacles, and (transform) thy gates into carbuncles; in phrase of naming, שָׂם שְׁמוֺ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 Kong 17,34, compare Dom 8,31; Neh 9,7 with ל, וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שֵׁמוֺת Dan 1,7, לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר ׳וַיּ vDan 1,7 make, fashion, with accusative of thing + ל person 2 Mos 4,11a (J; ׳י subject); grave Nah 1,14 (but on text and meaning see Now BiSB Wiener Akkadian 1894, Abh. V); with accusative דֶּרֶךְ Es 43,19 (ב location), compare Ezk 21,24; Ezk 21,25 ( + ל infinitive); Sl 50,23 is dubious, usually order (one's) way, De Dr prepare way (which), et., Gr Che תֹּם for שָׂם; make name + ל person 2 Sam 7,23 = 1 Kron 17,21; 2 Sam 14,7 make for, ל person (or give to), with accusative of posterity 1 Mos 45,7 (E); 1 Sam 2,20 read probably יַשַׁלֵּם ᵐ5 We Kit Bu HPS, compare Dr; Ezr 10,44b is obscure, Gu-Batten strike out וַיָּשִׂימוּ and read וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ before נָשִׁים, compare 3 Esdr 9:36 BeRy Ryle.
\ \ c. work, bring to pass, with accusative of thing, of ׳י's signs, etc., + ב location 2 Mos 10,2 (J), Jer 32,20; Es 66,19; Sl 46,9; Sl 78,43; Sl 105,27.
\ \ d. appoint, give, accusative of thing 4 Mos 6,26 (P), Es 61,3 (|| נָתַן; both with ל person); a pledge Job 17,3 (|| עָרְבֵנִי go surety for me, but read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי as object); וַשׂוֺם שֵׂכֶל Neh 8,8 giving understanding (making sense clear). Hiph`il Perfect 1 singular consecutive וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Ezk 14,8, accusative of person + ל, I will make him for a sign (< שׁ for שׂ van d. H., √ שׁמם; Co Berthol Toy וְשַׂמְתִּיהוּ (Qal), Krae וַהִשְׁמַדְתִּיהוּ); Imperative feminine singular הָשׂימִי Ezk 21,21, probably del as dittograph Co Krae after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 NöZMG xxxvii (1888), 530 ( > Bö Toy and others הִקְדִּימוּ); Participle מֵשִׂים Job 4,20 = Qal (לֵב) שׂום (Job 4,23b), but phrase dubious, and text perhaps corrupt, see Me Nöl.c. Hoph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַּיּוּשׂם 1 Mos 24,33 Qr (Kt ויישׂם Ges«GKC:73f»§ 73f) there was set before him (לְפָנָיו) to eat, compare OlMBAk. 1870, 389 Köi. 435, who read also וַיוּשַׂם 1 Mos 50,26 he was laid in (ב) a mummy-case (for ᵑ0 וַיִּישֶׂם), Di (ed. 4.5.6) allows this.
\ \ b. make, constitute, 2 accusative, 1 Sam 8,1; 1 Sam 18,13 ( + ל person) 1 Sam 22,7 (לְבֻלְּכֶם, ל of accusative; or < read וְכֻלְּכֶם), Es 3,7; Es 60,17 + 6 t., + 1 Sam 11,11 form people in bands, compare Job 1,17 (one accusative, form bands), + (accusative of person omitted) 2 Mos 4,11b (J), compare (beast, in figure) Ezk 19,5 2 accusative and accusative + ל in same ver., Es 54,12 I will make rubies thy prinnacles, and (transform) thy gates into carbuncles; in phrase of naming, שָׂם שְׁמוֺ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 Kong 17,34, compare Dom 8,31; Neh 9,7 with ל, וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שֵׁמוֺת Dan 1,7, לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר ׳וַיּ vDan 1,7 make, fashion, with accusative of thing + ל person 2 Mos 4,11a (J; ׳י subject); grave Nah 1,14 (but on text and meaning see Now BiSB Wiener Akkadian 1894, Abh. V); with accusative דֶּרֶךְ Es 43,19 (ב location), compare Ezk 21,24; Ezk 21,25 ( + ל infinitive); Sl 50,23 is dubious, usually order (one's) way, De Dr prepare way (which), et., Gr Che תֹּם for שָׂם; make name + ל person 2 Sam 7,23 = 1 Kron 17,21; 2 Sam 14,7 make for, ל person (or give to), with accusative of posterity 1 Mos 45,7 (E); 1 Sam 2,20 read probably יַשַׁלֵּם ᵐ5 We Kit Bu HPS, compare Dr; Ezr 10,44b is obscure, Gu-Batten strike out וַיָּשִׂימוּ and read וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ before נָשִׁים, compare 3 Esdr 9:36 BeRy Ryle.
\ \ c. work, bring to pass, with accusative of thing, of ׳י's signs, etc., + ב location 2 Mos 10,2 (J), Jer 32,20; Es 66,19; Sl 46,9; Sl 78,43; Sl 105,27.
\ \ d. appoint, give, accusative of thing 4 Mos 6,26 (P), Es 61,3 (|| נָתַן; both with ל person); a pledge Job 17,3 (|| עָרְבֵנִי go surety for me, but read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי as object); וַשׂוֺם שֵׂכֶל Neh 8,8 giving understanding (making sense clear). Hiph`il Perfect 1 singular consecutive וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Ezk 14,8, accusative of person + ל, I will make him for a sign (< שׁ for שׂ van d. H., √ שׁמם; Co Berthol Toy וְשַׂמְתִּיהוּ (Qal), Krae וַהִשְׁמַדְתִּיהוּ); Imperative feminine singular הָשׂימִי Ezk 21,21, probably del as dittograph Co Krae after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 NöZMG xxxvii (1888), 530 ( > Bö Toy and others הִקְדִּימוּ); Participle מֵשִׂים Job 4,20 = Qal (לֵב) שׂום (Job 4,23b), but phrase dubious, and text perhaps corrupt, see Me Nöl.c. Hoph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַּיּוּשׂם 1 Mos 24,33 Qr (Kt ויישׂם Ges«GKC:73f»§ 73f) there was set before him (לְפָנָיו) to eat, compare OlMBAk. 1870, 389 Köi. 435, who read also וַיוּשַׂם 1 Mos 50,26 he was laid in (ב) a mummy-case (for ᵑ0 וַיִּישֶׂם), Di (ed. 4.5.6) allows this.
שָׂרָה BDB8316
I. שָׂרָה verb persist, exert oneself, persevere (Arabic persist, persevere); —
Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳אֶתאֿ ׳שׂ Hos 12,4 he persevered with God; 2 masculine singular וְעִם אֲנָשִׁים ׳שָׂרִיתָ עִםאֿ 1 Mos 32,29 (J). — Hos 12,5 has Imperfect וַיָּ֫שַׂר in same meaning, as if from a (non-existent) שׂוּר; < read וַיִּ֫שֶׂר (apocope from וַיִּשְׂרֶה). — שׂוֺרָה Es 28,25 see above.
Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.