שֵׁם

1. of river 1 Mos 2,11; 1 Mos 2,13; 1 Mos 2,14, beasts v1 Mos 2,19 v1 Mos 2,20, city 1 Mos 26,33 (all J) +; היּוֺם ׳שׁ Ezk 24,2, i.e. exact designation of it (+ הַזֶּה ׳אֶתעֶֿצֶם הַיּ).

2. a. usually of person: 1 Mos 4,17; 1 Mos 4,19 (twice in verse) (J) +; as significant 1 Sam 25,25, compare Ord 21,24 especially in phrase וַיְהִי אִישׁ ֗֗֗ וּשְׁמוֺ אֶלְקָנָה 1 Sam 1,1, compare 1 Sam 9,1; 1 Sam 9,2, Jer 37,13 + 28 t.; less often as גָּלְיָת שְׁמוֺ 1 Sam 17,4, compare Zak 6,12 + 5 t. (compare in Assyrian Krae^{BAS i. 430}); frequently with קָרָא (q. v. 6, and Niph`al 2, Pu`al; note here, עַל ׳נִקְרָא שׁ in token of ownership 2 Sam 12,28 (see Dr), Es 4,1); rarely, שִׂים אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ Dom 8,31, compare 2 Kong 17,34; Neh 9,7 ׳וַיָּ֫שֶׂם לָהֶם שׁ Dan 1,7 with יֵאָמֵר 1 Mos 32,29 (J); change of name is without verb, as 1 Mos 17,15 (P), or (usually) with יִהְיֶה 1 Mos 35,10 (P) Israel shall be thy name. compare 1 Mos 17,5; 1 Kong 18,31; 1 Kron 22,9, also ׳וַיַסֵּב אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ יְהו 2 Kong 23,34 = 2 Kron 36,4, compare 2 Kong 24,17, and (suj. ׳י) עוֺלָם אֶתֶּןלֿוֺ ׳שׁ Es 56,5 מַהשְּֿׁמֶ֑ךָ 1 Mos 32,28, compare 2 Mos 3,13; Ord 30,4, מִית שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Dom 13,17 be explicitly mentioned is: וְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁמוֺת Ezr 10,16, ׳נִקְּבוּ בְשׁ 4 Mos 1,17; 1 Kron 16,41; 2 Kron 28,15; 2 Kron 31,10; Ezr 8,20, ׳הַבָּאִים בְּשׁ 1 Kron 4,38, ׳וַיָבזֹם בְּשׁ v1 Kron 4,41 of things, וּבְשֵׁמוֺת תִּקְדוּ 4 Mos 4,32 (P), + v4 Mos 4,27 (read בְּשֵׁמֹת ᵐ5 Di Baen Gray); יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם 2 Mos 33,12 (subject ׳י), i.e. acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), compare v2 Mos 33,17 (both J); ׳פ ׳בְּשׁ as the representative of 1 Sam 25,5; 1 Sam 25,9; 1 Kong 21,8; Jer 29,25; Est 2,22; Est 3,12; Est 8,8 (twice in verse); Est 8,10 (compare also 3).
\ \ b. = reputation; (1) וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶ֫ךָ 1 Mos 12,2 (J), גָּדוֺל כְּשֵׁם הַגְּדֹלִים אֲשֶׁר ׳וְעָשִׂתִי לִךָ שׁ בָּאָרֶץ 2 Sam 7,9 make oneself a name ׳וְנַעֲשֶׂח לָנוּ שׁ 1 Mos 11,4 (J), ׳וַיַּעַשׂ לוֺ שׁ 2 Sam 8,13, of ׳י Jer 32,20, hence Neh 9,10; Dan 9,15; Es 63,12; Es 63,14, so with שׂוּם 2 Sam 7,23 = 1 Kron 17,21 ׳וַיֵּצֵא לָךְ שֵׁם בְּ Ezk 16,14 (compare 1 Kron 14,17), 2 Kron 26,15 עַדלְֿמֵרָחוֺק, v2 Kron 26,8 ׳וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֺ עַדלְֿ; 2 Sam 23,18; 2 Sam 23,22 = fame, glory, Sef 3,19; Sef 3,20; Ezk 39,13. — Ezk 34,29 read perhaps שָׁלֹם ᵐ5 Siegf Be Toy; Co שָׁלֵם; Krae conjecture שָׁמֵן; אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם 1 Mos 6,4 (J), 4 Mos 16,2 (J), אַנְשֵׁי שֵׁמוֺת 1 Kron 5,24; 1 Kron 12,31 (van d. H. v.1 Kron 12,30); with negative בְּנֵי בְלִישֵֿׁ‰ Job 30,3 (2) bad sense, וְהוֺצִא עָלָיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע Dan 22,14 compare Dan 22,19; Neh 6,13 = byword Ezk 23,10 טְמֵאַת ׳הַשּׁ Ezk 22,5.
\ \ c. especially as giving a man kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons, אֵיןלִֿי בֵן בֵּעֲבוּר הַזְכֵּיר שְׁמִי 2 Sam 18,18, ׳לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּ 5 Mos 25,7, compare v5 Mos 25,6; Rut 4,5; Rut 4,10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., 5 Mos 25,6, compare 4 Mos 27,4 (P), Rut 4,10, so that to destroy one's name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם sometimes Is || צֶרַע) 1 Sam 24,22 (Gi v.1 Sam 24,21), 2 Sam 14,7 (|| שְׁאֵרִית), so of peoples 5 Mos 7,24; 5 Mos 9,14; 5 Mos 12,3; Es 14,22 +; לאֹ יִוָּרַע מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֺד Nah 1,14 (of Nineveh); כֵּן יַעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם וְשִׁמְכֶם Es 66,22 more abstract (|| זֵכֶר) Job 18,17; Ord 10,7.

3. name, as designation of God, specifically of ׳י (especially Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isa^2,3, Psalms): — first (in Hexateuch) in phrase ׳י ׳בְּשׁ ׳ק 1 Mos 4,26 (J), call with, i.e. use the name ׳י in worship, so 1 Mos 12,8; 1 Mos 13,4; 1 Mos 21,33; 1 Mos 26,35 + (see קרא 2 c); hence, of place of worship, בְּכָלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר אַוְּכִּיר מאתשְֿׁמִי שָׁם 2 Mos 20,24 (Gi v2 Mos 20,21); אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ שָׁם [לְשַׁכֵּן] לָשׂוּם 5 Mos 12,5; 5 Mos 12,11 +; בָּנָה בַּיִת לִשְׁמִי 2 Sam 7,13 + often; people come ׳י ׳לְשׁ Jos 9,9 (R^D), so ׳לְמֵעַן שׁ 1 Kong 8,41 = 2 Kron 6,32; Es 60,9 seek it Sl 83,17 swear with ׳י ׳בְּשׁ 1 Sam 20,42; 5 Mos 6,13; 5 Mos 10,20; 3 Mos 19,12, compare (לַשָּׁוְא) 2 Mos 20,7 (twice in verse)=5 Mos 5,11 (twice in verse); ׳י ׳תָּפַשׁ Ord 30,9 נִקְרָא שְׁמִיעַלֿ, etc., in token of ownership (compare 2 a), Jer 7,10 + ; = his reputation, fame, with עָשָׁה לוֺ, see 1 b (1), compare Jos 7,9 ׳י ׳בְּשׁ, i.e. as his representative 2 Mos 5,23 (J), 1 Sam 17,45; 5 Mos 10,8; 2 Sam 6,18; 2 Kong 2,24 + (see 2 a near the end); especially as embodying the (revealed) character of ׳י: שְׁמוֺ ׳י Amos 5,8; Amos 9,6; Jer 33,2, וֶה שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם 2 Mos 3,15 (E; || זֵכֶר; fundamental passage), 2 Mos 6,3 (P); ) עְבָאוֺת שְׁמוֺ׳(א ׳י Amos 4,13; Amos 5,27; Jer 10,16; Jer 46,18 + 10 t. Jeremiah, Isa², קַנָּא שְׁמוֺ ׳י 2 Mos 34,14 (J; compare 2 Mos 20,5; Nah 1,2), ׳קָדוֺשׁ שׁ Es 57,15, ׳שׁ [וֺ] קָדְשִׁי Amos 2,7; Ezk 39,7; Ezk 43,7; Sl 103,1 + often; hence object of knowledge Es 52,6; Jer 48,17, יֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Sl 9,11 (|| דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ), love Es 56,5, ׳אֹהֲבֵי שׁ Sl 5,12; Sl 69,37; Sl 119,132, fear Sl 61,6, especially of praise, etc. (חִלֵּל, הִןכִּיר, הוֺדָה, בֵּרַח, etc.): לְשִׁמְךָ אֲוַמֵּר 2 Sam 22,50 (|| אוֺדְךָ and so very often || ׳י) = Sl 18,50, compare 1 Kron 16,10; 1 Kron 29,13; Sl 45,18; Es 26,13; 1 Kong 8,33; 1 Kong 8,35 = 2 Kron 6,24; 2 Kron 6,26; Sl 8,2; Sl 8,10 +; כְּבוֺד שְׁמוֺ ׳חָבוּלי Sl 29,2; Sl 96,8, and many comibinations; opposed to ׳א ׳חִלֵּל אֶתשֿׁ 3 Mos 18,21 +, ׳י ׳נקב שׁ 3 Mos 24,16, ׳נִאֵץ שׁ Sl 74,10; Sl 74,18, etc.; הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֺרָא ׳הַשּׁ 5 Mos 28,58, compare Neh 1,11 לְמַעַן שִׁמְךָ, in appeals to ׳י to act according to his character Jer 14,7; Jer 14,21; Ezk 20,9; Ezk 20,14; Es 48,9; Es 66,5; Sl 25,11; Sl 31,4 +; ׳י ׳שׁ is powerful agent, בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֺשִׁיעֵנִי Sl 54,3 (|| בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ), compare Sl 124,8 of ׳מַלְאַךָ י, ׳י says שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֺ 2 Mos 23,21 (E); הַשֵּׁם 3 Mos 24,11 is probably scribal substitution for word ׳י (already beginning to be thought ineffable, especially with וַיִקֹּב compare Gei^{Urschr.273 f.} Di Dr-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of ׳הַשּׁ as personified or hypostasis, see Levy^{NHWB under the word} Jastr^s.see — קָרוֺב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Sl 75,2 is striking, but doubtful, < ᵐ5 Dy Che Gr Hup-Now ׳קֹרְאֵי שׁ, Du ׳קָרָנוּ בִשׁ (= קָרָאנוּ).

4. of false gods, use forbidden 2 Mos 23,13 (E), Jos 23,7 (R^D), compare Hos 2,19; Sl 16,4speak בְּשֵׁם אלהים אחרים 5 Mos 18,20 ׳א ׳קָרָא בְשׁ 1 Kong 18,24; 1 Kong 18,25; 1 Kong 18,26 ׳א ׳יֵלְכוּ בְשׁ Mik 4,5.

5. = memorial, monument Es 55,13 (|| אוֺת; so Che Du > = fame Di-Kit), יָד וָשֵׁם ׳טוֺב מִבָּנִים וגו Es 56,5 (with word-play on ׳שׁ 1 c).