שָׁמַר
Engelsk keep, watch, preserve
I GT 468 gange i den hebraiske tekst (BHSA)
Brown-Driver-Briggs
I. שָׁמַר465 verb keep, watch, preserve (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician שמר in proper name and (Punic) = watchman; Tel Amarna šimiru is perhaps overseer (Canaanism), WklNo. 80, i. 23; Mandean סמירא preserved NöM 46; compare Arabic converse by night, stay awake (see LagBN 105); BaNB 175 f.; ES 43 infers from eyelid (compare [שְׁמֻרָה] below), and Arabic support, aid, protect (l = r), that two √ √ are combined in Hebrew; but proof insufficient); —
Qal425 Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ 1 Mos 37,11 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמֹר 1 Sam 2,9 +, יִשְׁמָרֿ Jer 5,24 +, suffix 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ 2 Mos 21,29; 2 Mos 21,36 3 feminine singular suffix תִּשְׁמוּרֵ֑ם Ord 14,3 (read תִּשְׁמְרוּם, see Ges«GKC:47g»§ 47g Toy), etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁמֹר Job 2,6 +, שָׁמְרָה 1 Kron 29,18 +; masculine plural שִׁמְרוּ Jos 6,18 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁמוֺר 5 Mos 5,12 +; construct שְׁמֹר 1 Mos 3,24 +, suffix שָׁמְרָהּ 1 Mos 2,15, etc.; Participle active שֹׁמֵר 1 Sam 1,12 +, etc.; passive שָׁמוּר Praed 5,12 (1 Sam 9,24 see below), etc.; — [Synon. I. נָצַר, נָטַר, q. v.]:
1. a. keep, have charge of, garden 1 Mos 2,15 (J), ark 1 Sam 7,1, property in trust 2 Mos 22,6; 2 Mos 22,9 (E), compare 1 Sam 25,31 tend flock 1 Mos 30,31 (E), compare Zak 3,7; 4 Mos 3,8 (P); so perhaps (object omitted) Hos 12,13 (where ׳שׁ chosen for parallelism Now Marti and others); Participle הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹ֑כִי 1 Mos 4,9 (J), ׳שׁ of sheep 1 Sam 17,20, הַכֵּלִים ׳שׁ v1 Sam 17,22, הַכְּגָדִים ׳שׁ 2 Kong 22,14; 2 Kron 34,22, הַנָּשִׁים ׳שׁ Est 2,3; Est 2,8; Est 2,15, compare vEst 2,14, etc.
\ \ b. keep, guard, captives Jos 10,18 (J), 1 Kong 20,39, דֶּרֶךְ 1 Mos 3,24 (J); keep watch and ward, אֶל person for whom 1 Sam 26,15 (Sl 59,10 see 3 end), עַל person vSl 59,16; Ord 6,22 בַּנַּעַר 2 Sam 18,12 have a care of (read לִי for מִי ᵐ5 and modern); in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) 2 Sam 11,16, חַטָאתִי עַל Job 14,16 (but read תַּעֲבֹר with ᵐ5 Ew Di Du and others [not Hi Bu]); absolute with מֵעַל Praed 5,7 watcheth above, etc.; keep one's mouth, be prudent of speech Ord 21,33, compare Mik 7,5 keep = protect, save, one's life, נֶפֶשׁ Ord 13,3; Ord 16,17; Ord 19,16; Ord 22,5, another's Job 2,6 in Proverbs, accusative of person, subject wisdom, Job 4,6 she shall preserve thee, compare (+ מִן of evil) Job 6,24; Job 7,5 especially Participle watch, watchman, of city Es 21,11 (twice in verse); Es 21,12; Es 62,5 (figurative), Hoj 3,3; Hoj 5,7 (twice in verse); Sl 127,1 הַמֶּלֶף ׳שׁ (in temple) Jer 35,4 + (see סַף), פֶּית הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳הַפּ 1 Kong 14,27 = 2 Kron 12,10, הַשְּׁעָרִים ׳שׁ Neh 13,22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (figurative) Praed 12,3 ׳שׁ הַבַּיִתךֵסעוֺה ךֵהת פךֵךֵכ (of David's concubines) 2 Sam 15,16; 2 Sam 16,21; 2 Sam 20,3 שֹׁמֵר הַכֵּלִים 1 Sam 17,22, הַבְּגָדִים ׳שׁ 2 Kong 22,14, חַפַּרְדֵּס ׳שׁ Neh 2,8, הַנָּשִׁים ׳שׁ Est 2,3; Est 2,14; Est 2,15, שֹׁמְרִים absolute Dom 7,19; Jer 51,12.
\ \ c. hence watch for, wait for, accusative of person 1 Sam 19,11 (to kill him), compare Sl 59,1 (title; accusative הַבַּיִת); with יֲקֵכַי Sl 56,7 = dog my steps, Sl 71,10; Jer 20,10 = watch (suspiciously) Job 10,14; Job 13,27; Job 33,11 absolute הַשֹּׁעמרִים Dom 1,24 wait for, נֶשֶׁף Job 24,15, לַבֹּקֶר Sl 130,6 (twice in verse).
\ \ d. watch, observe, accusative of thing 1 Sam 1,12; Praed 11,4; Job 39,1; Jer 8,7 (of birds), with intelligence Es 42,20; Sl 107,43 accusative of person Sl 37,37 (|| ראה), Zak 11,11 accusative of sin Sl 31,7; Sl 130,3 accusative of thing, for the purpose of avoiding, Sl 17,4.
\ \ b. keep, guard, captives Jos 10,18 (J), 1 Kong 20,39, דֶּרֶךְ 1 Mos 3,24 (J); keep watch and ward, אֶל person for whom 1 Sam 26,15 (Sl 59,10 see 3 end), עַל person vSl 59,16; Ord 6,22 בַּנַּעַר 2 Sam 18,12 have a care of (read לִי for מִי ᵐ5 and modern); in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) 2 Sam 11,16, חַטָאתִי עַל Job 14,16 (but read תַּעֲבֹר with ᵐ5 Ew Di Du and others [not Hi Bu]); absolute with מֵעַל Praed 5,7 watcheth above, etc.; keep one's mouth, be prudent of speech Ord 21,33, compare Mik 7,5 keep = protect, save, one's life, נֶפֶשׁ Ord 13,3; Ord 16,17; Ord 19,16; Ord 22,5, another's Job 2,6 in Proverbs, accusative of person, subject wisdom, Job 4,6 she shall preserve thee, compare (+ מִן of evil) Job 6,24; Job 7,5 especially Participle watch, watchman, of city Es 21,11 (twice in verse); Es 21,12; Es 62,5 (figurative), Hoj 3,3; Hoj 5,7 (twice in verse); Sl 127,1 הַמֶּלֶף ׳שׁ (in temple) Jer 35,4 + (see סַף), פֶּית הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳הַפּ 1 Kong 14,27 = 2 Kron 12,10, הַשְּׁעָרִים ׳שׁ Neh 13,22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (figurative) Praed 12,3 ׳שׁ הַבַּיִתךֵסעוֺה ךֵהת פךֵךֵכ (of David's concubines) 2 Sam 15,16; 2 Sam 16,21; 2 Sam 20,3 שֹׁמֵר הַכֵּלִים 1 Sam 17,22, הַבְּגָדִים ׳שׁ 2 Kong 22,14, חַפַּרְדֵּס ׳שׁ Neh 2,8, הַנָּשִׁים ׳שׁ Est 2,3; Est 2,14; Est 2,15, שֹׁמְרִים absolute Dom 7,19; Jer 51,12.
\ \ c. hence watch for, wait for, accusative of person 1 Sam 19,11 (to kill him), compare Sl 59,1 (title; accusative הַבַּיִת); with יֲקֵכַי Sl 56,7 = dog my steps, Sl 71,10; Jer 20,10 = watch (suspiciously) Job 10,14; Job 13,27; Job 33,11 absolute הַשֹּׁעמרִים Dom 1,24 wait for, נֶשֶׁף Job 24,15, לַבֹּקֶר Sl 130,6 (twice in verse).
\ \ d. watch, observe, accusative of thing 1 Sam 1,12; Praed 11,4; Job 39,1; Jer 8,7 (of birds), with intelligence Es 42,20; Sl 107,43 accusative of person Sl 37,37 (|| ראה), Zak 11,11 accusative of sin Sl 31,7; Sl 130,3 accusative of thing, for the purpose of avoiding, Sl 17,4.
2. a. keep, retain, of storing up (food) 1 Mos 41,35 (E); absolute Praed 3,6 (opposed to הִשְׁלִיךְ); treasure up (in memory) 1 Mos 37,11 (E), compare Mal 2,7; 1 Kron 29,18; Ord 4,21 (בְּתוֺךְ לְבָבֶ֑ךְ), Ord 22,18 (כְּבִטֱנ֑ךָ); retain wrath Amos 1,11 (read שָׁמֶר לָנֶצַח We Now GASm Marti; see also נָטַר 1) + (anger omitted) Jer 3,5 (|| נטר).
\ \ b. keep within bounds, restrain, object שׁוֺר 2 Mos 21,29; 2 Mos 21,36 (E); with accusative hand, מִן of evil Es 56,2 figurative keep thy foot, with temporal clause Praed 4,17 לְֿפִי מַחְסוֺם׳אֶשׁ Sl 39,2 (ᵐ5 Du and others אָשִׁימָה); apparently reflexive (= Niph`al), Jos 6,18 (+ מִןהַֿחֵרֶס), possibly sc. גַפְשְׁכֶם Di.
\ \ b. keep within bounds, restrain, object שׁוֺר 2 Mos 21,29; 2 Mos 21,36 (E); with accusative hand, מִן of evil Es 56,2 figurative keep thy foot, with temporal clause Praed 4,17 לְֿפִי מַחְסוֺם׳אֶשׁ Sl 39,2 (ᵐ5 Du and others אָשִׁימָה); apparently reflexive (= Niph`al), Jos 6,18 (+ מִןהַֿחֵרֶס), possibly sc. גַפְשְׁכֶם Di.
3. a. observe, celebrate, accusative of festival, etc., 2 Mos 23,15 (E), 2 Mos 34,18 (J), 2 Mos 12,17 of day v2 Mos 12,17 (P), of month 5 Mos 16,1.
\ \ b. keep Sabbath 5 Mos 5,12; 3 Mos 19,3; 3 Mos 19,30; 3 Mos 26,2 (all H), 2 Mos 31,13; 2 Mos 31,14; 2 Mos 31,16 (P), Es 56,4, also (+ מֵחַלְּלוֺ) vEs 56,2 vEs 56,6.
\ \ c. of other obligations: keep convenant Ezk 17,14, especially convenant of ׳י 5 Mos 29,8; 1 Kong 11,11 + 5 t., ׳שְׁבֻעַת י 1 Kong 2,43, perform vow 5 Mos 23,24 keep commands Jer 35,18; Ezk 20,18 especially מִצָוֺת, תֻקִּים, יֲבֹדָה, etc., of ׳י (sometimes || נצר), 2 Mos 20,6 = 5 Mos 5,10; Amos 2,4; 1 Kong 2,3; Sl 119,8; Sl 119,17; Sl 119,34 + very often (c. 120 t.); ׳דֶּרֶח י ׳שׁ 1 Mos 18,19 (J) + 4 t., ׳דַּרְכֵי י 2 Sam 22,22 = Sl 18,22, ׳י ׳ד omitted Dom 2,22 b; אָרְחוֺת צַדַּיקִים ׳שׁ Ord 2,20 (|| תֵּלֵח תְּלֵח בְּדֶרֶח טוֺבֹים), ׳שׁ דְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) Ord 8,32 (Sl 17,4 see 1 d); keep discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה 4 Mos 3,10; 4 Mos 18,7 (both P), absolute 2 Kron 5,11 a function or duty, especially מִשְׁמֶרֶת ׳שׁ 3 Mos 8,35; 4 Mos 1,53 + approximately 32 t. (see ׳מ below); accusative of obligation often omitted, especially D (and RD) keep and do 5 Mos 4,6; 5 Mos 7,12 + 8 t.; to do 5 Mos 5,1; 5 Mos 5,29 + 16 t. D + 3 t., etc.
\ \ d. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Hos 12,7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט), Es 56,1; Ord 4,4; Ord 5,2; Ord 7,1; Ord 7,2 bad sense, observe vanities Sl 31,7. — Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר absolute Hos 4,10, very strange (conjectures in We Now Marti); שָׁמוּר 1 Sam 9,24, HPS אֵחַרְנוּ, compare Now BuComm.; Sl 59,10 read עֻוִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲזַמֵּ֑רָה (as vSl 59,18, ᵑ6 Che Bae).
\ \ b. keep Sabbath 5 Mos 5,12; 3 Mos 19,3; 3 Mos 19,30; 3 Mos 26,2 (all H), 2 Mos 31,13; 2 Mos 31,14; 2 Mos 31,16 (P), Es 56,4, also (+ מֵחַלְּלוֺ) vEs 56,2 vEs 56,6.
\ \ c. of other obligations: keep convenant Ezk 17,14, especially convenant of ׳י 5 Mos 29,8; 1 Kong 11,11 + 5 t., ׳שְׁבֻעַת י 1 Kong 2,43, perform vow 5 Mos 23,24 keep commands Jer 35,18; Ezk 20,18 especially מִצָוֺת, תֻקִּים, יֲבֹדָה, etc., of ׳י (sometimes || נצר), 2 Mos 20,6 = 5 Mos 5,10; Amos 2,4; 1 Kong 2,3; Sl 119,8; Sl 119,17; Sl 119,34 + very often (c. 120 t.); ׳דֶּרֶח י ׳שׁ 1 Mos 18,19 (J) + 4 t., ׳דַּרְכֵי י 2 Sam 22,22 = Sl 18,22, ׳י ׳ד omitted Dom 2,22 b; אָרְחוֺת צַדַּיקִים ׳שׁ Ord 2,20 (|| תֵּלֵח תְּלֵח בְּדֶרֶח טוֺבֹים), ׳שׁ דְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) Ord 8,32 (Sl 17,4 see 1 d); keep discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה 4 Mos 3,10; 4 Mos 18,7 (both P), absolute 2 Kron 5,11 a function or duty, especially מִשְׁמֶרֶת ׳שׁ 3 Mos 8,35; 4 Mos 1,53 + approximately 32 t. (see ׳מ below); accusative of obligation often omitted, especially D (and RD) keep and do 5 Mos 4,6; 5 Mos 7,12 + 8 t.; to do 5 Mos 5,1; 5 Mos 5,29 + 16 t. D + 3 t., etc.
\ \ d. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Hos 12,7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט), Es 56,1; Ord 4,4; Ord 5,2; Ord 7,1; Ord 7,2 bad sense, observe vanities Sl 31,7. — Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר absolute Hos 4,10, very strange (conjectures in We Now Marti); שָׁמוּר 1 Sam 9,24, HPS אֵחַרְנוּ, compare Now BuComm.; Sl 59,10 read עֻוִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲזַמֵּ֑רָה (as vSl 59,18, ᵑ6 Che Bae).
4. sometimes ׳י subject:
\ \ a. keep, preserve, protect, accusative of person, + ב of way, etc., 1 Mos 28,15; 1 Mos 28,20 (J), 2 Mos 23,20 (E; of מַלְאָח), Sl 91,11 (׳מ), Jos 24,17 (E); accusative of person (or נפשׁ) only: 1 Sam 30,23; Jer 31,9; 4 Mos 6,24 (P), Job 29,2; Sl 16,1 + 10 t. Psalms; + מִן Sl 121,7 + 2 t.; accusative רַהְּלַי 1 Sam 2,9, compare Ord 3,26 (מִן); Participle שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ Sl 121,3; Sl 121,5, compare vSl 121,4, etc.; accusative of city Sl 127,1.
\ \ b. with accusative בְּרִית, ל person 5 Mos 7,12, + חֶסֶד v5 Mos 7,7 + 5 t., אֱמֶת לְעוֺלָם ׳הַשּׁ Sl 146,6 הַשְּׁבֻעָה 5 Mos 7,8, etc.; passive of covenant (׳י agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה 2 Sam 23,5 (legal terminology, Dr).
\ \ a. keep, preserve, protect, accusative of person, + ב of way, etc., 1 Mos 28,15; 1 Mos 28,20 (J), 2 Mos 23,20 (E; of מַלְאָח), Sl 91,11 (׳מ), Jos 24,17 (E); accusative of person (or נפשׁ) only: 1 Sam 30,23; Jer 31,9; 4 Mos 6,24 (P), Job 29,2; Sl 16,1 + 10 t. Psalms; + מִן Sl 121,7 + 2 t.; accusative רַהְּלַי 1 Sam 2,9, compare Ord 3,26 (מִן); Participle שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ Sl 121,3; Sl 121,5, compare vSl 121,4, etc.; accusative of city Sl 127,1.
\ \ b. with accusative בְּרִית, ל person 5 Mos 7,12, + חֶסֶד v5 Mos 7,7 + 5 t., אֱמֶת לְעוֺלָם ׳הַשּׁ Sl 146,6 הַשְּׁבֻעָה 5 Mos 7,8, etc.; passive of covenant (׳י agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה 2 Sam 23,5 (legal terminology, Dr).
5. keep, reserve, weeks of harvest Jer 5,24 (ל person). Niph`al36 Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁמַד 2 Sam 20,10, etc.; Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּשָּׁמֵד Dom 13,13 2 masculine plural תִּשָּׁמַ֑רוּ 2 Mos 23,13 Imperative masculine singular תִּשָּׁמֵד Es 7,4 הִדָמשּׁ֫מֶר (לְךָׅ 1 Mos 24,6 +; feminine singular הִשָּֽׁמְרִי Dom 13,4, etc.; —
1. be on one's guard, with בַּחֶרֶב 2 Sam 20,10 by reason of the sword, i.e. against it; with ב temporal 1 Sam 19,2, שָׁם 2 Kong 6,10 take heed 2 Mos 23,13 (E) 5 Mos 2,4 with מִן person 2 Mos 23,21 (E), Jer 9,3 מִן of thing Dom 13,13; 5 Mos 23,10 מִן infinitive take care not to, etc. 1 Mos 31,29 (E), 2 Kong 6,9 infinitive without מִן 2 Mos 19,12 (J), but read probably מֵעֲלוֺת; followed by פֶּן lest 1 Mos 24,6 (J) + 11 t. (especially Deuteronomy); with (וְ)אַל jussive 2 Mos 10,23 (J), Dom 13,4; Job 36,21, with Imperative coordinate Es 7,4. — Very often Imperative (24 t.), especially in phrase הִשָּׁמֶרלְֿךָ (12 t.), הִשָּֽׁטְרוּ לָכֶם (3 t.); + לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם 5 Mos 4,15; Jos 23,11 (RD; + infinitive); + ׳בְּנַפ Jer 17,21 apparently ב pret. on peril of your life (compare ב III. 3 a), so perhaps also בְּרוּחֲכֶם Mal 2,15; Mal 2,16 (We Now).
2. keep oneself, refrain, abstain, מֵאִשָּׁה 1 Sam 21,5.
3. be kept, guarded, Hos 12,14 (compare ׳שׁ of Jacob v.Hos 12,13); be preserved (by ׳י) Sl 37,28 (לִיוֺלָם), but read probably עַוָּלִים (לְעוֺלָם) נִשְׁמָ֑דוּ Hup-Ri (Now) Che Bae Du Dr. Pi`el Participle plural מְשַׁמְּרִים הַבְלֵישָֿׁוְא Jon 2,9 those paying regard to false vanities (compare Qal Sl 31,7). Hithpa`el Imperfect 1 singular וָאֶשְׁתַּסֵּר מֵעֲוֺנַי Sl 18,24 I kept myself from, etc. = 2 Sam 22,24 (verb cohortative); 3 masculine singular וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֺת עָמְרִי Mik 6,16, but read וְתִשְׁמֹר thou keepest, observest, We Now GASm.
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Alle 440 vers
Versnumrene følger den hebraiske tekst og kan i enkelte bøger (fx Salmerne) afvige med et vers fra de danske.
2. Mosebog
5. Mosebog
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Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.