שָׂנֵא

Qal₁₂₈ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׂ 5 Mos 12,31 +, suffix שְׂנֵאָהּ 2 Sam 13,15 +; 2 masculine singular שָׂנֵאתָ Sl 5,6 +, suffix שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Dom 14,16, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׂנָא Ord 13,5; Ord 26,28, suffix יִשְׂפּנָאֶ֑ךָּ 9:s, etc.; Imperative masculine plural שִׂנְאוּ Amos 9,15; Sl 97,10 Infinitive absolute שָׂנאֹ Dom 15,2 construct שְׂנאֹ 1 Mos 37,5 +, שְׂנאֹת Ord 8,13 Participle active שׂנֵא 5 Mos 4,42 +, שׂנַאֲךָ 2 Mos 23,5; Ord 25,21 plural construct שׂנְאֵי 2 Mos 18,21 +, etc.; passive feminine singular שְׂנוּאָה 1 Mos 29,31 +; masculine plural construct שְׂנֻאֵי 2 Sam 5,8 Qr (> Kt שָֽׂנְאוּ); — hate (often opposed to אָהֵב):

1. human;
\ \ a. with accusative of person 1 Mos 26,27 (J), 1 Mos 37,5; 1 Mos 37,8 (E), Dom 11,7; 2 Sam 13,22; Amos 5,10 (|| תֵּעֵב) + 17 t. (evil-doers Sl 26,5; Sl 31,7; Sl 139,21), + (object wife) Dom 14,16; Dom 15,2 (twice in verse); + passive participle, of wife, 1 Mos 29,31 (twice in verse) (J), 5 Mos 21,15 (twice in verse); 5 Mos 21,16; 5 Mos 21,17, compare Ord 30,23 figurative of Zion Es 60,15 (+ עֲזוּבָה); specifically of sexual revulsion 2 Sam 13,15 (twice in verse) (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb), 5 Mos 22,13; 5 Mos 22,16; 5 Mos 24,3 so, object man (of Jerusalem under figure of harlot) Ezk 16,37 passive שְׂנֻאֵי נֶפֶשׁ דָּוִד 2 Sam 5,8 (but see obscure); reflexive (accusative נַפְשׁוֺ) Ord 29,24, absolute Praed 3,8.
\ \ b. with accusative of thing, Ezk 35,6 (but read בְּדָם אָשַׁמְתָּ ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co Berthol Toy), Praed 2,17; Praed 2,18, especially evil 2 Mos 18,21 (E), Mik 3,2; Sl 45,7 + 10 t., virtue, etc. Mik 3,2; Ord 1,22 + 4 t.

2. subject ׳י; object perverse Israel Amos 6,8 (its palaces), Hos 9,15; Jer 12,8 wickedness Sl 5,6; Sl 11,5 idolatry and evil Amos 5,21; Es 1,14; Es 61,8; Jer 44,4; Mal 2,16 + 5 t.

3. Participle active₅₄ as adjective Es 66,5 (as verb with 1 singular pronoun Es 61,8, 2 above); usually substantive, Ord 13,24 one hating his son (opposed to אֹהֵב); elsewhere = enemy foe (usually construct or with suffix), singular and plural (often || אֹיֵב, sometimes opposed to אֹהֵב): foe of man 2 Mos 23,5 (E), 1 Mos 24,60 (J), 3 Mos 26,17 (H) +, nation 2 Mos 1,10 (E), Est 9,1; Est 9,5; Est 9,16 +, absolute Ord 26,24; Ord 27,6, (c. 31 t. in all); + לֹא שׂנֵא with ל person, a no-hater to one 5 Mos 4,42; 5 Mos 19,4; 5 Mos 19,6; Jos 20,5, and (without לֹא) 5 Mos 19,11 foe of good Mik 3,2, compare Job 34,17 + 3 t., of evil 2 Mos 18,21; Ord 28,1, compare Ord 15,27 of suretyship Ord 11,15 (i.e. not giving it); foes of ׳י 2 Mos 20,5 = 5 Mos 5,9; 5 Mos 7,10 (twice in verse); 2 Kron 19,2. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׂנֵא Ord 14,17 is hated, so vOrd 14,20 (+ ל person by, see לְ 5 d). Pi`el Participle suffix מְשַׂנְאִי Job 31,29; Sl 55,13 plural construct מְשַׂנְאֵי Sl 81,16 suffix מְשַׂנְאַי 2 Sam 22,41 +, etc.; — enemy (Qal 3) || אֹיֵב, צָר, etc.:

1. personal and national, Job 31,29; 5 Mos 33,11 (poem), 2 Sam 22,41 = Sl 18,41; Sl 44,8; Sl 44,11; Sl 55,13; Sl 68,2; Sl 89,24.

2. of ׳י 4 Mos 10,35 (J), 5 Mos 32,41 (poem), Sl 81,16; Sl 83,3; Sl 139,21.

3. of wisdom Ord 8,36.