Spring til indhold

שַׁבָּת

shabbâth Strong H7676 navneord

Engelsk sabbath

I GT 120 gange i den hebraiske tekst (BHSA)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

שַׁבָּת111 noun feminine2 Mos 31,41+ and masculineEs 66,2; Es 66,6 (under influence of יוֺם in frequent ׳יוֺם הַשּׁ, AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 47) sabbath ( = ת + שׁבת; Late Hebrew שַׁבָּת, Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא, ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (||um nu— libbi, day of rest of heart (i.e. propitiation) [of deity]: only in lexical Tablets); compare LotzQuaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883 JenZA iv (1889), 274 ff. (doubts connection of Assyrian word with Hebrew Sabbath) IdS. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f. Muss-ArnJBL xi (1892), 93 SchwIdioticon 127; see (more recently) JastrAmos. J. Theol. ii (1898), 332 ff. ToyTBL xviii (1899), 190 ff. DrHast. DB SABBATH (1902) ZimKAT 3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff. [15th day of month so called]458 ff.); — absolute ׳שׁ 2 Mos 16,25 + 64 t.; construct שַׁבַּת v2 Mos 16,23 + 10 t.; suffix שַׁבַּתּוֺ 4 Mos 28,10 + 3 t. suffix; plural שַׁבָּתוֺת 3 Mos 23,15 + 7 t.; construct שַׁבְּתתֹ v3 Mos 23,38; 3 Mos 25,3; 3 Mos 25,8 suffix שַׁבְּתוֺתַי Es 56,4 +, etc.; —

1. sabbath:
\ \ a. primitive ליהוה ׳שׁ 2 Mos 16,25 (J), 2 Mos 20,10 = 5 Mos 5,14 (ten words) 3 Mos 23,3 (P); ׳הַשּׁ 2 Mos 16,29 (J); בַּיוֺם ׳הַשְּׁבִיעִי שׁ 2 Mos 16,26 (J); on seventh day יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת 2 Mos 20,8; 2 Mos 20,11 = 5 Mos 5,12; 5 Mos 5,15 (ten words), so throughout; 2 Mos 31,15 + 3 t. P, Jer 17,21; Ezk 46,4; Neh 10,32 + 9 t., + (|| new moon) Es 1,13; Ezk 46,1; 2 Kong 4,23; Amos 8,5, compare Es 66,23 (twice in verse), also חג and מועד Hos 2,13 time of change of watch in temple 2 Kong 11,5; 2 Kong 11,7; 2 Kong 11,9 (twice in verse) = 2 Kron 23,4; 2 Kron 23,8 (twice in verse); מיסך ׳הַשּׁ (in temple) 2 Kong 16,18 originally observed simply by abstinence from labour 2 Mos 20,9; 2 Mos 20,10 = 5 Mos 5,12–14; 2 Mos 23,12 (E), 2 Mos 34,21 (J; BrHex. 181-195).
\ \ b. Deuteronomic reason for day is deliverance from Egypt 5 Mos 5,15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֺ v5 Mos 5,12 = 2 Mos 20,8 ׳קדּשׁ יום השׁ Jer 17,22; Jer 17,24; Jer 17,27 (especially no load carried), Ezk 20,20; Ezk 44,24.
\ \ c. intensified by anith. ׳חלּל שׁ Ezk 20,13 +5 t. Ezekiel; compare Neh 13,18. Phrases in H: ׳שׁמר (ה)שׁ 3 Mos 19,3; 3 Mos 19,10; 3 Mos 26,2, then P 2 Mos 31,13; 2 Mos 31,14; 2 Mos 31,16 compare Es 56,2; Es 56,4; Es 56,6 יוֺם קָדְשִׁי, ׳קדושׁ י: Es 58,13 (twice in verse) (with כבּד). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם 3 Mos 26,35 ׳מִמָּחֳרַת הַשּׁ 3 Mos 23,11; 3 Mos 23,15; 3 Mos 23,16 שַׁבְּתוֺתַי 3 Mos 19,3; 3 Mos 19,30; 3 Mos 26,2; Es 56,4; Ezk 20,12; Ezk 22,26, +8 t. Ezekiel; || מוֺעֵד Klg 2,6.
\ \ d. P gives as basis God's resting 2 Mos 20,11; 2 Mos 31,17 ׳שׁבתות י 3 Mos 23,38 קדשׁ ׳שׁ ליהוה 2 Mos 16,23, compare Neh 9,14, שׁבתון ׳שׁ 2 Mos 31,15; 2 Mos 35,2; 3 Mos 23,3 ׳עשׂה השׁ 2 Mos 31,16, בְּשַׁבַּתּוֺ ׳עֹלַת שׁ 4 Mos 28,10, compare Es 66,23 ׳בְּיוֺם הַשּׁ ׳בְּיוֺם הַשּׁ 3 Mos 24,8 on every sabbath, abbreviation שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּת 1 Kron 9,32 לַשַּׁבָּתוֺת || חֳדָשִׁים + מועדים 1 Kron 23,31 + 3 t. Chronicles, Neh 10,34 (ל omitted by error); work punished by stoning 4 Mos 15,32; 4 Mos 15,36 trade prohibited Neh 10,32; Neh 13,15–21.
2. day of atonement is a שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֺן 3 Mos 16,31; 3 Mos 23,32 (P), compare שָׁבַת שַׁבָּת v3 Mos 23,32 (P).
3. sabbath year, שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֺן 3 Mos 25,4 (H); שַׁבָּת ליהוה v3 Mos 25,2 v3 Mos 25,4 (H), שַׁבְּתוֺתֶיהָ רצה (הארץׅ 3 Mos 26,34 (twice in verse); 3 Mos 26,43 (H), 2 Kron 36,21.
4. = week(?): שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֺת 3 Mos 23,15 (H), seven sabbaths or weeks; שֶׁבַע שַׁבְּתתֹ (ה)שָּׁנִים 3 Mos 25,8; 3 Mos 28,8 (H) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (see Mark 16,2; Mark 16,9; Luk 18,12; Matt 28,1, compare Jewish-Aramaic usage); possibly שַׁבָּת Es 66,23 = week (Du).
5. שַׁבַּת הָאָ֫רֶץ 3 Mos 25,6 (H) = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).

Forekomster pr. bog

2 Mos 14 3 Mos 18 4 Mos 3 5 Mos 3 2 Sam 2 1 Kong 1 2 Kong 5 1 Kron 2 2 Kron 7 Neh 10 Sl 1 Ord 1 Es 7 Jer 5 Klg 1 Ezk 15 Hos 1 Amos 2
Alle 98 vers

Versnumrene følger den hebraiske tekst og kan i enkelte bøger (fx Salmerne) afvige med et vers fra de danske.

2. Mosebog

3. Mosebog

4. Mosebog

5. Mosebog

2. Samuelsbog

1. Kongebog

2. Kongebog

1. Krønikebog

2. Krønikebog

Nehemias' Bog

Salmernes Bog

Ordsprogenes Bog

Esajas' Bog

Jeremias' Bog

Klagesangene

Ezekiels Bog

Hoseas' Bog

Amos' Bog

Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.