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אֵל

ʼêl Strong H413 forholdsord

Engelsk motion to

I GT 5517 gange i den hebraiske tekst (BHSA)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job ( 1 Sam 3,22; 1 Sam 5,26; 1 Sam 15,22; 1 Sam 29,19), with suffix אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 t.) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֵלֵימוֺ Sl 2,5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן 2 Mos 1,19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic ), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

1. of motion to or unto a person or place 1 Mos 2,19; 1 Mos 2,22; 1 Mos 3,19; 1 Mos 8,9; 1 Mos 14,22; 1 Mos 16,9 etc., after every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֺא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though ל is here more common) 1 Mos 21,14; 1 Mos 35,4; 5 Mos 13,2 +; מָכַר to sell 5 Mos 37,36, etc. Metaph. Jer 2,19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31,23). — Peculiarly 1 Mos 6,16 אֶל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc. And metaphor in the phrase אֶלֿ(אֱלֵיֿ)גִּיל unto exultation Hos 9,11; Job 3,22. Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5,5 וְאֶלמִֿצִּגִּים יִקָּחֵהוּ and even out of thorns he taketh it. Sometimes pregnant, as Es 66,17; Jer 41,7 זָנָה אֶל commit whoredom (by going) to 4 Mos 25,1; Ezk 16,26; Ezk 16,28; Ezk 16,29 דָּרֵשׁ אֶל seek (by resorting) to one (that is, for oracles) 5 Mos 18,11; Es 8,19; Es 11,10 +; חָבַר אֶל join together (& come) unto 1 Mos 14,3 הִשְׁכִּים אֶל rise early (and go) to 1 Mos 19,27; 1 Mos 24,11 הִבְרִיח אֶל made to kneel down at; 1 Mos 47,18 תַּם אֶל i.e. has been made over to; פָּחַד אֶל to come in fear to Hos 3,5; Mik 7,17. Opposite is מִן, as מִןהַֿקָּצֶה אֶלהַֿקָּצֶה from end to end 2 Mos 26,28 מִפֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Ezr 9,11 (synonym 2 Kong 21,16 פֶּה לָפֶה). And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֶלעֵֿת 1 Kron 9,25 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם 4 Mos 30,15 (P) 1 Kron 16,23 (in the || Sl 96,2 מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into, 1 Mos 6,18 and thou shalt enter into the ark 1 Mos 7,1; 1 Mos 19,3; 1 Mos 41,21; 1 Mos 42,17 & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting 1 Mos 37,22 (הִשְׁלִיךְ) 1 Mos 39,20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶלבֵּֿית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, 2 Mos 28,30 (3 Mos 8,8) 5 Mos 23,25 so after קָבַר to bury 1 Mos 23,19; 1 Mos 25,9; 1 Mos 49,29 שָׂחַט to squeeze 1 Mos 40,11 מָחָה to blot out 4 Mos 5,23, etc.; metaphor 1 Mos 6,6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׂם אֶללֵֿב, הֵשִׁיב to place, bring. into ( = lay to) heart 5 Mos 4,39; 2 Sam 19,20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Sam 10,22 behold he had hid himself אֶלהַֿכֵּלִים in among the baggage, Jer 4,3 sow not אֶלקֹֿצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything:
\ \ \ (a) of physical acts or states, as 1 Mos 30,40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶל, 1 Mos 39,7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל, 2 Mos 25,20; 4 Mos 6,26, נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (2 Kong 9,32 differently), 2 Kong 24,1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל, Jos 8,18; Sl 28,2; 1 Kong 8,29; 1 Kong 8,30 (to pray towards) v1 Kong 8,38 pregnantly חָרֵד אֶל to tremble (turning) to 1 Mos 42,28, תָּמַהּ אֶל to, wonder (turning) towards 1 Mos 43,33; Es 13,8, פָּחַד אֶל Jer 36,16: without a verb פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face 1 Mos 32,31 +; פֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה 4 Mos 12,8 כִּיאֵֿינֶנּוּ אֵלַי 1 Mos 31,5 the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; ׳אֶלפֿ ׳עֵינֵי י the eyes of ׳י are towards . . . Sl 34,16 (compare Sl 33,18).
\ \ \ (b) with words such as אָמַרto say to 1 Mos 3,1 + often, דִּבֶּר 1 Mos 8,15 + often, קָרָא 1 Mos 19,5, הִחְפַּלֵּל 1 Mos 20,17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to 1 Mos 16,11, הִלֵּל to praise to 1 Mos 12,15 (compare Ezk 13,19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezk 40,14.
\ \ \ (c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as קִוָּה to wait Sl 27,14 +; יִחַל to hope Es 51,5 נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards 5 Mos 24,15; Sl 25,1 שָׂם לֵב אֶל, שָׁת to set the heart (mind) to 2 Mos 9,21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself to Jer 10,2 חָרֵד אֶל to shew fear towards 2 Kong 4,13; 1 Mos 43,30; 5 Mos 28,32 and thy eyes כָּלוֺת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Klg 4,17; Es 63,15; 2 Sam 3,8; 1 Kong 14,13; Sl 40,6 alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, 1 Mos 3,16; 1 Mos 4,7; 2 Kong 6,11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hos 3,3 וְגַםאֲֿנִי אֵלָֽיִח׃ Ezk 36,9; Hag 2,17; Jer 15,1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against: 1 Mos 4,8 אֶלהֶֿבֶל ׳וַיָּקָם קand Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Sam 24,8) 1 Sam 22,12; 2 Mos 14,5; 4 Mos 32,14 with נִקְבַּץ Jos 10,6, הָלַךְ Dom 1,10; Dom 20,30 with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one 1 Mos 42,21; Dom 9,57; 1 Sam 2,34; 1 Kong 14,10 +; Es 2,4; Es 3,8 their tongue and doings are ׳אֶליֿ Es 32,6 (לְדַבֵּר אֶל) Hos 7,15 (compare Nah 1,9) Hos 12,5 וַיָּשַׂר אֶלמַֿלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֶל ֗֗֗ Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nah 2,14; Nah 3,5; Jer 21,13 (Jer 23,30–32 על) Jer 50,31; Jer 51,25; Ezk 13,8; Ezk 13,20; Ezk 21,8; Ezk 29,10; Ezk 30,22; Ezk 34,10; Ezk 35,3; Ezk 38,3; Ezk 39,1 (Ezk 5,8; Ezk 26,3; Ezk 28,22; Ezk 29,3 על: on Ezk 36,9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to, as 3 Mos 18,18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֺתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Jos 13,22 (|| 4 Mos 31,8 על); 1 Sam 14,34 at eat אֶלהַֿחָם together with the blood (1 Sam 14,32 & generally עַל); 1 Kong 10,7 הוֺסִיף אֶל (generally עַל); Jer 25,26; Ezk 7,26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה || (עלׅ; Ezk 44,7; Klg 3,41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֶלכַּֿפָּ֑יִם our hearts together with the hands (compare , Qor 4:2; WAG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of : thus הִתְאַבֵּל to mourn concerning 1 Sam 15,35 הִנָּחֵם to repent as regards 2 Sam 24,16 דָּרַשׁ to inquire 1 Kong 14,5 הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray with regard to 1 Sam 1,27; 2 Kong 19,20 צָעַק to cry 2 Kong 8,3 (2 Kong 8,5 על); נֶעֳצַב be pained 1 Sam 20,34 נִחַם to comfort 2 Sam 10,2 more generally 1 Kong 16,13; 1 Kong 21,22 אֶלנֶֿפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kong 19,3; 2 Kong 7,7 (1 Mos 19,17 על). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר 1 Mos 20,2; Es 29,22; Es 37,21; Es 37,33 +; דִּבֶּר 2 Sam 7,19; Jer 40,16 b; סִפֵּר Sl 2,7; Sl 69,27 צִוָּה Es 23,11 שָׁמַע Ezk 19,4 הַשְּׁמוּעָה אֶל the report regarding. . . 1 Sam 4,19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare): אֶלפִּֿי ֗֗֗ according to the command of, Jos 15,13; Jos 17,4; Jos 21,3 (generally עַלפִּֿי); אֶלנָֿבוֺן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Sam 23,23; 1 Sam 26,4 (see Dr): perhaps Sl 5,1; Sl 80,1 (Sl 45,1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by, not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1, 1 Mos 24,11), as Jos 11,5 and they came and encamped together אֶלמֵֿי מֵרוֺם at the waters of Merom, 1 Sam 5,4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Sam 2,23 and elsewhere and smote him אֶלהַֿחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, 5 Mos 33,28; 2 Mos 29,12; 3 Mos 4,7 but also in other cases, as Jos 5,3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֶל against, at the hill of the foreskins, Jos 22,11 have built an altar אֶל גְּלִילוֺת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Dom 12,6 & 2 Sam 18,4 אֶליַֿד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kong 13,20 as they were sitting אֶלהַֿשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kong 11,14 אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jer 41,12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jer 46,10 אֶלנְֿהַר פְּרָת by the Euphrates, Ezk 3,15; Ezk 11,11; Ezk 17,8; Ezk 31,7; Ezk 40,18; Ezk 43,3; Ezk 47,7; Ezk 48,12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to: thus אֶלאַֿחֲרֵי 2 Sam 5,23; 2 Kong 9,18; 2 Kong 9,19 סֹב אֶלאַֿחֲרַי turn to behind me, Zak 6,5 (where אֶל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יצא אל before & after); אֶלבֵּֿין in between Ezk 31,10; Ezk 31,14 אֵלבֵּֿינוֺת similarly Ezk 10,2 ׳אֶלמִֿבֵּית לְ to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within 3 Mos 16,15; 2 Kong 11,15 || have her forth in within the ranks; אֶלמֿוּל see מוּל; ׳אֶלמִֿנֶּגֶב לְ unto the south of Jos 15,3 ׳אֶלמִֿחוּץ לְ to the outside of 3 Mos 4,12; 3 Mos 4,21 +; אֶלנֹֿכַח to the front of 4 Mos 19,4 אֶלתַּֿחַת Dom 6,19; 1 Kong 8,6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In 1 Mos 20,13 אֶלכָּֿלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֺא ׳שָׁמָּה אִמְרִילִֿי וג; 4 Mos 33,54 ׳אֶלאֲֿשֶׁר וג; Ord 17,8 (compare 5 Mos 16,6); — אֶל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֶל to be used instead of בְּ. In 5 Mos 31,14 אֵלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אַיִל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֶל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֶל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus
\ \ \ (a) Jos 5,14 וִיִּפֹּל אֶלפָּֿנָיו; 1 Sam 13,13 אֶתמַֿמְלַכְתְּךָ אֶליִֿשְׂרָאֵל ׳הֵקִים י; 1 Sam 14,34 (see below 5); 1 Sam 17,3 עֹמְדִים אֶלהָֿהָר (contractee עַל 5 Mos 11,29); 5 Mos 19,16; 2 Sam 6,3; 2 Sam 20,23 (contracted 2 Sam 8,16) 1 Kong 13,29; 1 Kong 18,46 (contracted 2 Kong 3,15 על) Jer 35,15; Ezk 7,18.
\ \ \ (b) Dom 6,37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, vDom 6,39 let there be dryness on (אֶל) the fleece; 1 Sam 14,10 come up עָלֵינוּ, v1 Sam 14,12 come up אֵלֵינוּ; 1 Sam 16,1–200; 1 Sam 18,10 צָלַח אֶל, 1 Sam 10,6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Sam 25,17 evil is determined אֶלאֲֿדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל כָּלבֵּֿיתוֺ; v1 Sam 25,25; 1 Sam 27,10; 2 Sam 2,9 וַיַּמְלִכֵהוּ אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל; 2 Sam 3,29 יָחֻלוּ עַל ֗֗֗ וְאֶל ֗֗֗ 2 Kong 8,3 & 5; 2 Kong 3,1–200; Jer 19,15; Jer 25,2; Jer 26,15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֶלהָֿעִיר הַזּאֹת; Jer 27,19; Jer 28,8; Jer 33,14; Jer 34,7; Jer 36,31; Jer 37,13; Jer 37,14; Ezk 18,6; Ezk 18,11 & 15; Ezk 21,12 etc. Sl 79,6 (Jer 10,25 על twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

[Note]

Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֶל, or even in juxtaposition with אֶל, as 1 Sam 1,10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Sam 1,26 אֶל); v1 Sam 1,13; 1 Sam 25,25 אֶלעַ֗֗֗ל; 1 Kong 20,43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ (1 Kong 21,4 אֶל); Es 22,15; Jer 11,2; Jer 23,35; Jer 31,12. compare DrSm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

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Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.